Update sing-box core

2026-05-14 00:51:12 +03:00 · 2026-03-10 04:50:32 +03:00
parent 0503006f48 6cd8b832fe
commit bc6ca6e2ea
439 changed files with 30835 additions and 5833 deletions
--- a/common/badtls/raw_conn.go
+++ b/common/badtls/raw_conn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+type RawConn struct {
+	pointer unsafe.Pointer
+	methods *Methods
+
+	IsClient            *bool
+	IsHandshakeComplete *atomic.Bool
+	Vers                *uint16
+	CipherSuite         *uint16
+
+	RawInput *bytes.Buffer
+	Input    *bytes.Reader
+	Hand     *bytes.Buffer
+
+	CloseNotifySent *bool
+	CloseNotifyErr  *error
+
+	In  *RawHalfConn
+	Out *RawHalfConn
+
+	BytesSent   *int64
+	PacketsSent *int64
+
+	ActiveCall *atomic.Int32
+	Tmp        *[16]byte
+}
+
+func NewRawConn(rawTLSConn tls.Conn) (*RawConn, error) {
+	var (
+		pointer unsafe.Pointer
+		methods *Methods
+		loaded  bool
+	)
+	for _, tlsCreator := range methodRegistry {
+		pointer, methods, loaded = tlsCreator(rawTLSConn)
+		if loaded {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	conn := &RawConn{
+		pointer: pointer,
+		methods: methods,
+	}
+
+	rawConn := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(rawTLSConn))
+
+	rawIsClient := rawConn.FieldByName("isClient")
+	if !rawIsClient.IsValid() || rawIsClient.Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.isClient")
+	}
+	conn.IsClient = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIsClient.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawIsHandshakeComplete := rawConn.FieldByName("isHandshakeComplete")
+	if !rawIsHandshakeComplete.IsValid() || rawIsHandshakeComplete.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.isHandshakeComplete")
+	}
+	conn.IsHandshakeComplete = (*atomic.Bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIsHandshakeComplete.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawVers := rawConn.FieldByName("vers")
+	if !rawVers.IsValid() || rawVers.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.vers")
+	}
+	conn.Vers = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawVers.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCipherSuite := rawConn.FieldByName("cipherSuite")
+	if !rawCipherSuite.IsValid() || rawCipherSuite.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.cipherSuite")
+	}
+	conn.CipherSuite = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCipherSuite.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawRawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("rawInput")
+	if !rawRawInput.IsValid() || rawRawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.rawInput")
+	}
+	conn.RawInput = (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawRawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("input")
+	if !rawInput.IsValid() || rawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.input")
+	}
+	conn.Input = (*bytes.Reader)(unsafe.Pointer(rawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawHand := rawConn.FieldByName("hand")
+	if !rawHand.IsValid() || rawHand.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.hand")
+	}
+	conn.Hand = (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHand.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCloseNotifySent := rawConn.FieldByName("closeNotifySent")
+	if !rawCloseNotifySent.IsValid() || rawCloseNotifySent.Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.closeNotifySent")
+	}
+	conn.CloseNotifySent = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCloseNotifySent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCloseNotifyErr := rawConn.FieldByName("closeNotifyErr")
+	if !rawCloseNotifyErr.IsValid() || rawCloseNotifyErr.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.closeNotifyErr")
+	}
+	conn.CloseNotifyErr = (*error)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCloseNotifyErr.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawIn := rawConn.FieldByName("in")
+	if !rawIn.IsValid() || rawIn.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.in")
+	}
+	halfIn, err := NewRawHalfConn(rawIn, methods)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "invalid Conn.in")
+	}
+	conn.In = halfIn
+
+	rawOut := rawConn.FieldByName("out")
+	if !rawOut.IsValid() || rawOut.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.out")
+	}
+	halfOut, err := NewRawHalfConn(rawOut, methods)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "invalid Conn.out")
+	}
+	conn.Out = halfOut
+
+	rawBytesSent := rawConn.FieldByName("bytesSent")
+	if !rawBytesSent.IsValid() || rawBytesSent.Kind() != reflect.Int64 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.bytesSent")
+	}
+	conn.BytesSent = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(rawBytesSent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawPacketsSent := rawConn.FieldByName("packetsSent")
+	if !rawPacketsSent.IsValid() || rawPacketsSent.Kind() != reflect.Int64 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.packetsSent")
+	}
+	conn.PacketsSent = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(rawPacketsSent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawActiveCall := rawConn.FieldByName("activeCall")
+	if !rawActiveCall.IsValid() || rawActiveCall.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.activeCall")
+	}
+	conn.ActiveCall = (*atomic.Int32)(unsafe.Pointer(rawActiveCall.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawTmp := rawConn.FieldByName("tmp")
+	if !rawTmp.IsValid() || rawTmp.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawTmp.Len() != 16 || rawTmp.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.tmp")
+	}
+	conn.Tmp = (*[16]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawTmp.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	return conn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) ReadRecord() error {
+	return c.methods.readRecord(c.pointer)
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) HandlePostHandshakeMessage() error {
+	return c.methods.handlePostHandshakeMessage(c.pointer)
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) WriteRecordLocked(typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	return c.methods.writeRecordLocked(c.pointer, typ, data)
+}
--- a/common/badtls/raw_half_conn.go
+++ b/common/badtls/raw_half_conn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"hash"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+)
+
+type RawHalfConn struct {
+	pointer unsafe.Pointer
+	methods *Methods
+	*sync.Mutex
+	Err           *error
+	Version       *uint16
+	Cipher        *any
+	Seq           *[8]byte
+	ScratchBuf    *[13]byte
+	TrafficSecret *[]byte
+	Mac           *hash.Hash
+	RawKey        *[]byte
+	RawIV         *[]byte
+	RawMac        *[]byte
+}
+
+func NewRawHalfConn(rawHalfConn reflect.Value, methods *Methods) (*RawHalfConn, error) {
+	halfConn := &RawHalfConn{
+		pointer: (unsafe.Pointer)(rawHalfConn.UnsafeAddr()),
+		methods: methods,
+	}
+
+	rawMutex := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("Mutex")
+	if !rawMutex.IsValid() || rawMutex.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.Mutex")
+	}
+	halfConn.Mutex = (*sync.Mutex)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMutex.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawErr := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("err")
+	if !rawErr.IsValid() || rawErr.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.err")
+	}
+	halfConn.Err = (*error)(unsafe.Pointer(rawErr.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawVersion := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("version")
+	if !rawVersion.IsValid() || rawVersion.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.version")
+	}
+	halfConn.Version = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawVersion.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCipher := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("cipher")
+	if !rawCipher.IsValid() || rawCipher.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.cipher")
+	}
+	halfConn.Cipher = (*any)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCipher.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawSeq := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("seq")
+	if !rawSeq.IsValid() || rawSeq.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawSeq.Len() != 8 || rawSeq.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.seq")
+	}
+	halfConn.Seq = (*[8]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawSeq.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawScratchBuf := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("scratchBuf")
+	if !rawScratchBuf.IsValid() || rawScratchBuf.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawScratchBuf.Len() != 13 || rawScratchBuf.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.scratchBuf")
+	}
+	halfConn.ScratchBuf = (*[13]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawScratchBuf.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawTrafficSecret := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("trafficSecret")
+	if !rawTrafficSecret.IsValid() || rawTrafficSecret.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawTrafficSecret.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.trafficSecret")
+	}
+	halfConn.TrafficSecret = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawTrafficSecret.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawMac := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("mac")
+	if !rawMac.IsValid() || rawMac.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.mac")
+	}
+	halfConn.Mac = (*hash.Hash)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMac.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawKey := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawKey")
+	if rawKey.IsValid() {
+		if /*!rawKey.IsValid() || */ rawKey.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawKey.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawKey")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawKey = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawKey.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+		rawIV := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawIV")
+		if !rawIV.IsValid() || rawIV.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawIV.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawIV")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawIV = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIV.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+		rawMAC := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawMac")
+		if !rawMAC.IsValid() || rawMAC.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawMAC.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawMac")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawMac = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMAC.UnsafeAddr()))
+	}
+
+	return halfConn, nil
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) Decrypt(record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error) {
+	return hc.methods.decrypt(hc.pointer, record)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) SetErrorLocked(err error) error {
+	return hc.methods.setErrorLocked(hc.pointer, err)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) SetTrafficSecret(suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte) {
+	hc.methods.setTrafficSecret(hc.pointer, suite, level, secret)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) ExplicitNonceLen() int {
+	return hc.methods.explicitNonceLen(hc.pointer)
+}
--- a/common/badtls/read_wait.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait.go
@@ -1,18 +1,9 @@
-//go:build go1.21 && !without_badtls
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname

 package badtls

 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"reflect"
-	"sync"
-	"unsafe"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
@@ -21,63 +12,21 @@ var _ N.ReadWaiter = (*ReadWaitConn)(nil)

 type ReadWaitConn struct {
 	tls.Conn
-	halfAccess                    *sync.Mutex
-	rawInput                      *bytes.Buffer
-	input                         *bytes.Reader
-	hand                          *bytes.Buffer
-	readWaitOptions               N.ReadWaitOptions
-	tlsReadRecord                 func() error
-	tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error
+	rawConn         *RawConn
+	readWaitOptions N.ReadWaitOptions
 }

 func NewReadWaitConn(conn tls.Conn) (tls.Conn, error) {
-	var (
-		loaded                        bool
-		tlsReadRecord                 func() error
-		tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error
-	)
-	for _, tlsCreator := range tlsRegistry {
-		loaded, tlsReadRecord, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage = tlsCreator(conn)
-		if loaded {
-			break
-		}
+	if _, isReadWaitConn := conn.(N.ReadWaiter); isReadWaitConn {
+		return conn, nil
 	}
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	rawConn, err := NewRawConn(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	rawConn := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(conn))
-	rawHalfConn := rawConn.FieldByName("in")
-	if !rawHalfConn.IsValid() || rawHalfConn.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid half conn")
-	}
-	rawHalfMutex := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("Mutex")
-	if !rawHalfMutex.IsValid() || rawHalfMutex.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid half mutex")
-	}
-	halfAccess := (*sync.Mutex)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHalfMutex.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawRawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("rawInput")
-	if !rawRawInput.IsValid() || rawRawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid raw input")
-	}
-	rawInput := (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawRawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawInput0 := rawConn.FieldByName("input")
-	if !rawInput0.IsValid() || rawInput0.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid input")
-	}
-	input := (*bytes.Reader)(unsafe.Pointer(rawInput0.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawHand := rawConn.FieldByName("hand")
-	if !rawHand.IsValid() || rawHand.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid hand")
-	}
-	hand := (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHand.UnsafeAddr()))
 	return &ReadWaitConn{
-		Conn:                          conn,
-		halfAccess:                    halfAccess,
-		rawInput:                      rawInput,
-		input:                         input,
-		hand:                          hand,
-		tlsReadRecord:                 tlsReadRecord,
-		tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage: tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+		Conn:    conn,
+		rawConn: rawConn,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -87,36 +36,36 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) InitializeReadWaiter(options N.ReadWaitOptions) (needCopy
 }

 func (c *ReadWaitConn) WaitReadBuffer() (buffer *buf.Buffer, err error) {
-	err = c.HandshakeContext(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	c.halfAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.halfAccess.Unlock()
-	for c.input.Len() == 0 {
-		err = c.tlsReadRecord()
+	//err = c.HandshakeContext(context.Background())
+	//if err != nil {
+	//	return
+	//}
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		err = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		for c.hand.Len() > 0 {
-			err = c.tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage()
+		for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			err = c.rawConn.HandlePostHandshakeMessage()
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	buffer = c.readWaitOptions.NewBuffer()
-	n, err := c.input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
+	n, err := c.rawConn.Input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		buffer.Release()
 		return
 	}
 	buffer.Truncate(n)

-	if n != 0 && c.input.Len() == 0 && c.rawInput.Len() > 0 &&
-		// recordType(c.rawInput.Bytes()[0]) == recordTypeAlert {
-		c.rawInput.Bytes()[0] == 21 {
-		_ = c.tlsReadRecord()
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 &&
+		// recordType(c.RawInput.Bytes()[0]) == recordTypeAlert {
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == 21 {
+		_ = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
 		// return n, err // will be io.EOF on closeNotify
 	}

@@ -131,25 +80,3 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) Upstream() any {
 func (c *ReadWaitConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }
-
-var tlsRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error)
-
-func init() {
-	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		tlsConn, loaded := conn.(*tls.STDConn)
-		if !loaded {
-			return
-		}
-		return true, func() error {
-				return stdTLSReadRecord(tlsConn)
-			}, func() error {
-				return stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
-			}
-	})
-}
-
-//go:linkname stdTLSReadRecord crypto/tls.(*Conn).readRecord
-func stdTLSReadRecord(c *tls.STDConn) error
-
-//go:linkname stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage crypto/tls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
-func stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c *tls.STDConn) error
--- a/common/badtls/read_wait_stub.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait_stub.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !go1.21 || without_badtls
+//go:build !go1.25 || !badlinkname

 package badtls

--- a/common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21 && !without_badtls && with_utls
-
-package badtls
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	_ "unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		switch tlsConn := conn.(type) {
-		case *tls.UConn:
-			return true, func() error {
-					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn.Conn)
-				}, func() error {
-					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn.Conn)
-				}
-		case *tls.Conn:
-			return true, func() error {
-					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn)
-				}, func() error {
-					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
-				}
-		}
-		return
-	})
-}
-
-//go:linkname utlsReadRecord github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).readRecord
-func utlsReadRecord(c *tls.Conn) error
-
-//go:linkname utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
-func utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c *tls.Conn) error
--- a/common/badtls/registry.go
+++ b/common/badtls/registry.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type Methods struct {
+	readRecord                 func(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+	handlePostHandshakeMessage func(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+	writeRecordLocked          func(c unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+	setErrorLocked   func(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+	decrypt          func(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+	setTrafficSecret func(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+	explicitNonceLen func(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
+}
+
+var methodRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool)
+
+func init() {
+	methodRegistry = append(methodRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool) {
+		tlsConn, loaded := conn.(*tls.Conn)
+		if !loaded {
+			return nil, nil, false
+		}
+		return unsafe.Pointer(tlsConn), &Methods{
+			readRecord:                 stdTLSReadRecord,
+			handlePostHandshakeMessage: stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+			writeRecordLocked:          stdWriteRecordLocked,
+
+			setErrorLocked:   stdSetErrorLocked,
+			decrypt:          stdDecrypt,
+			setTrafficSecret: stdSetTrafficSecret,
+			explicitNonceLen: stdExplicitNonceLen,
+		}, true
+	})
+}
+
+//go:linkname stdTLSReadRecord crypto/tls.(*Conn).readRecord
+func stdTLSReadRecord(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage crypto/tls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
+func stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname stdWriteRecordLocked crypto/tls.(*Conn).writeRecordLocked
+func stdWriteRecordLocked(c unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+//go:linkname stdSetErrorLocked crypto/tls.(*halfConn).setErrorLocked
+func stdSetErrorLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+
+//go:linkname stdDecrypt crypto/tls.(*halfConn).decrypt
+func stdDecrypt(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+
+//go:linkname stdSetTrafficSecret crypto/tls.(*halfConn).setTrafficSecret
+func stdSetTrafficSecret(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+
+//go:linkname stdExplicitNonceLen crypto/tls.(*halfConn).explicitNonceLen
+func stdExplicitNonceLen(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
--- a/common/badtls/registry_utls.go
+++ b/common/badtls/registry_utls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	methodRegistry = append(methodRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool) {
+		var pointer unsafe.Pointer
+		if uConn, loaded := N.CastReader[*tls.Conn](conn); loaded {
+			pointer = unsafe.Pointer(uConn)
+		} else if uConn, loaded := N.CastReader[*tls.UConn](conn); loaded {
+			pointer = unsafe.Pointer(uConn.Conn)
+		} else {
+			return nil, nil, false
+		}
+		return pointer, &Methods{
+			readRecord:                 utlsReadRecord,
+			handlePostHandshakeMessage: utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+			writeRecordLocked:          utlsWriteRecordLocked,
+
+			setErrorLocked:   utlsSetErrorLocked,
+			decrypt:          utlsDecrypt,
+			setTrafficSecret: utlsSetTrafficSecret,
+			explicitNonceLen: utlsExplicitNonceLen,
+		}, true
+	})
+}
+
+//go:linkname utlsReadRecord github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).readRecord
+func utlsReadRecord(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
+func utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsWriteRecordLocked github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).writeRecordLocked
+func utlsWriteRecordLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+//go:linkname utlsSetErrorLocked github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).setErrorLocked
+func utlsSetErrorLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsDecrypt github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).decrypt
+func utlsDecrypt(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+
+//go:linkname utlsSetTrafficSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).setTrafficSecret
+func utlsSetTrafficSecret(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+
+//go:linkname utlsExplicitNonceLen github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).explicitNonceLen
+func utlsExplicitNonceLen(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
--- a/common/badversion/version.go
+++ b/common/badversion/version.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 )

 type Version struct {
@@ -16,7 +18,19 @@ type Version struct {
 	PreReleaseVersion    int
 }

-func (v Version) After(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+func (v Version) LessThan(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return !v.GreaterThanOrEqual(anotherVersion)
+}
+
+func (v Version) LessThanOrEqual(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return v == anotherVersion || anotherVersion.GreaterThan(v)
+}
+
+func (v Version) GreaterThanOrEqual(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return v == anotherVersion || v.GreaterThan(anotherVersion)
+}
+
+func (v Version) GreaterThan(anotherVersion Version) bool {
 	if v.Major > anotherVersion.Major {
 		return true
 	} else if v.Major < anotherVersion.Major {
@@ -44,19 +58,29 @@ func (v Version) After(anotherVersion Version) bool {
 			} else if v.PreReleaseVersion < anotherVersion.PreReleaseVersion {
 				return false
 			}
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "rc" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" {
+		}
+		preReleaseIdentifier := parsePreReleaseIdentifier(v.PreReleaseIdentifier)
+		anotherPreReleaseIdentifier := parsePreReleaseIdentifier(anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier)
+		if preReleaseIdentifier < anotherPreReleaseIdentifier {
 			return true
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "rc" {
-			return false
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "alpha" {
-			return true
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "alpha" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" {
+		} else if preReleaseIdentifier > anotherPreReleaseIdentifier {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }

+func parsePreReleaseIdentifier(identifier string) int {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "rc") {
+		return 1
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "beta") {
+		return 2
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "alpha") {
+		return 3
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 func (v Version) VersionString() string {
 	return F.ToString(v.Major, ".", v.Minor, ".", v.Patch)
 }
@@ -83,6 +107,10 @@ func (v Version) BadString() string {
 	return version
 }

+func IsValid(versionName string) bool {
+	return semver.IsValid("v" + versionName)
+}
+
 func Parse(versionName string) (version Version) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(versionName, "v") {
 		versionName = versionName[1:]
--- a/common/badversion/version_test.go
+++ b/common/badversion/version_test.go
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ func TestCompareVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	require.Equal(t, "1.3.0-beta.1", Parse("v1.3.0-beta1").String())
 	require.Equal(t, "1.3-beta1", Parse("v1.3.0-beta.1").BadString())
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").After(Parse("1.3-beta1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").After(Parse("1.3.0-beta1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0-beta1").After(Parse("1.3.0-alpha1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.1").After(Parse("1.3.0")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.4").After(Parse("1.3")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3-beta1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0-beta1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0-beta1").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0-alpha1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.1").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.4").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3")))
 }
--- a/common/certificate/chrome.go
+++ b/common/certificate/chrome.go
--- a/common/certificate/store.go
+++ b/common/certificate/store.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ func NewStore(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Certific
 	switch options.Store {
 	case C.CertificateStoreSystem, "":
 		systemPool = x509.NewCertPool()
-		platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](ctx)
+		platformInterface := service.FromContext[adapter.PlatformInterface](ctx)
 		var systemValid bool
 		if platformInterface != nil {
 			for _, cert := range platformInterface.SystemCertificates() {
@@ -54,6 +53,8 @@ func NewStore(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Certific
 		}
 	case C.CertificateStoreMozilla:
 		systemPool = mozillaIncluded
+	case C.CertificateStoreChrome:
+		systemPool = chromeIncluded
 	case C.CertificateStoreNone:
 		systemPool = nil
 	default:
--- a/common/conntrack/conn.go
+++ b/common/conntrack/conn.go
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-)
-
-type Conn struct {
-	net.Conn
-	element *list.Element[io.Closer]
-}
-
-func NewConn(conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, error) {
-	connAccess.Lock()
-	element := openConnection.PushBack(conn)
-	connAccess.Unlock()
-	if KillerEnabled {
-		err := KillerCheck()
-		if err != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return &Conn{
-		Conn:    conn,
-		element: element,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) Close() error {
-	if c.element.Value != nil {
-		connAccess.Lock()
-		if c.element.Value != nil {
-			openConnection.Remove(c.element)
-			c.element.Value = nil
-		}
-		connAccess.Unlock()
-	}
-	return c.Conn.Close()
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) Upstream() any {
-	return c.Conn
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
--- a/common/conntrack/killer.go
+++ b/common/conntrack/killer.go
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	runtimeDebug "runtime/debug"
-	"time"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/memory"
-)
-
-var (
-	KillerEnabled   bool
-	MemoryLimit     uint64
-	killerLastCheck time.Time
-)
-
-func KillerCheck() error {
-	if !KillerEnabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-	nowTime := time.Now()
-	if nowTime.Sub(killerLastCheck) < 3*time.Second {
-		return nil
-	}
-	killerLastCheck = nowTime
-	if memory.Total() > MemoryLimit {
-		Close()
-		go func() {
-			time.Sleep(time.Second)
-			runtimeDebug.FreeOSMemory()
-		}()
-		return E.New("out of memory")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/conntrack/packet_conn.go
+++ b/common/conntrack/packet_conn.go
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-)
-
-type PacketConn struct {
-	net.PacketConn
-	element *list.Element[io.Closer]
-}
-
-func NewPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	connAccess.Lock()
-	element := openConnection.PushBack(conn)
-	connAccess.Unlock()
-	if KillerEnabled {
-		err := KillerCheck()
-		if err != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return &PacketConn{
-		PacketConn: conn,
-		element:    element,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) Close() error {
-	if c.element.Value != nil {
-		connAccess.Lock()
-		if c.element.Value != nil {
-			openConnection.Remove(c.element)
-			c.element.Value = nil
-		}
-		connAccess.Unlock()
-	}
-	return c.PacketConn.Close()
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) Upstream() any {
-	return bufio.NewPacketConn(c.PacketConn)
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
--- a/common/conntrack/track.go
+++ b/common/conntrack/track.go
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-)
-
-var (
-	connAccess     sync.RWMutex
-	openConnection list.List[io.Closer]
-)
-
-func Count() int {
-	if !Enabled {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return openConnection.Len()
-}
-
-func List() []io.Closer {
-	if !Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-	connAccess.RLock()
-	defer connAccess.RUnlock()
-	connList := make([]io.Closer, 0, openConnection.Len())
-	for element := openConnection.Front(); element != nil; element = element.Next() {
-		connList = append(connList, element.Value)
-	}
-	return connList
-}
-
-func Close() {
-	if !Enabled {
-		return
-	}
-	connAccess.Lock()
-	defer connAccess.Unlock()
-	for element := openConnection.Front(); element != nil; element = element.Next() {
-		common.Close(element.Value)
-		element.Value = nil
-	}
-	openConnection.Init()
-}
--- a/common/conntrack/track_disable.go
+++ b/common/conntrack/track_disable.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !with_conntrack
-
-package conntrack
-
-const Enabled = false
--- a/common/conntrack/track_enable.go
+++ b/common/conntrack/track_enable.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build with_conntrack
-
-package conntrack
-
-const Enabled = true
--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/conntrack"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/listener"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
@@ -20,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	"github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2"
 )

 var (
@@ -28,14 +28,15 @@ var (
 )

 type DefaultDialer struct {
-	dialer4                tcpDialer
-	dialer6                tcpDialer
+	dialer4                tfo.Dialer
+	dialer6                tfo.Dialer
 	udpDialer4             net.Dialer
 	udpDialer6             net.Dialer
 	udpListener            net.ListenConfig
 	udpAddr4               string
 	udpAddr6               string
 	netns                  string
+	connectionManager      adapter.ConnectionManager
 	networkManager         adapter.NetworkManager
 	networkStrategy        *C.NetworkStrategy
 	defaultNetworkStrategy bool
@@ -46,8 +47,9 @@ type DefaultDialer struct {
 }

 func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDialer, error) {
+	connectionManager := service.FromContext[adapter.ConnectionManager](ctx)
 	networkManager := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx)
-	platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](ctx)
+	platformInterface := service.FromContext[adapter.PlatformInterface](ctx)

 	var (
 		dialer                 net.Dialer
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial

 	if networkManager != nil {
 		defaultOptions := networkManager.DefaultOptions()
-		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
+		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" && !disableDefaultBind {
 			bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
 			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
@@ -136,14 +138,32 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.ProtectPath(options.ProtectPath))
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.ProtectPath(options.ProtectPath))
 	}
+	if options.BindAddressNoPort {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("`bind_address_no_port` is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.BindAddressNoPort())
+	}
 	if options.ConnectTimeout != 0 {
 		dialer.Timeout = time.Duration(options.ConnectTimeout)
 	} else {
 		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPConnectTimeout
 	}
-	// TODO: Add an option to customize the keep alive period
-	dialer.KeepAlive = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
-	dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(C.TCPKeepAliveInitial, C.TCPKeepAliveInterval))
+	if !options.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
+		keepIdle := time.Duration(options.TCPKeepAlive)
+		if keepIdle == 0 {
+			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
+		}
+		keepInterval := time.Duration(options.TCPKeepAliveInterval)
+		if keepInterval == 0 {
+			keepInterval = C.TCPKeepAliveInterval
+		}
+		dialer.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
+			Enable:   true,
+			Idle:     keepIdle,
+			Interval: keepInterval,
+		}
+	}
 	var udpFragment bool
 	if options.UDPFragment != nil {
 		udpFragment = *options.UDPFragment
@@ -177,19 +197,10 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		udpAddr6 = M.SocksaddrFrom(bindAddr, 0).String()
 	}
 	if options.TCPMultiPath {
-		if !go121Available {
-			return nil, E.New("MultiPath TCP requires go1.21, please recompile your binary.")
-		}
-		setMultiPathTCP(&dialer4)
-	}
-	tcpDialer4, err := newTCPDialer(dialer4, options.TCPFastOpen)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	tcpDialer6, err := newTCPDialer(dialer6, options.TCPFastOpen)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		dialer4.SetMultipathTCP(true)
 	}
+	tcpDialer4 := tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer4, DisableTFO: !options.TCPFastOpen}
+	tcpDialer6 := tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer6, DisableTFO: !options.TCPFastOpen}
 	return &DefaultDialer{
 		dialer4:                tcpDialer4,
 		dialer6:                tcpDialer6,
@@ -199,6 +210,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		udpAddr4:               udpAddr4,
 		udpAddr6:               udpAddr6,
 		netns:                  options.NetNs,
+		connectionManager:      connectionManager,
 		networkManager:         networkManager,
 		networkStrategy:        networkStrategy,
 		defaultNetworkStrategy: defaultNetworkStrategy,
@@ -231,7 +243,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, address
 		return nil, E.New("domain not resolved")
 	}
 	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
-		return trackConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.Conn](d.netns, func() (net.Conn, error) {
+		return d.trackConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.Conn](d.netns, func() (net.Conn, error) {
 			switch N.NetworkName(network) {
 			case N.NetworkUDP:
 				if !address.IsIPv6() {
@@ -269,7 +281,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network strin
 	}
 	var dialer net.Dialer
 	if N.NetworkName(network) == N.NetworkTCP {
-		dialer = dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer4)
+		dialer = d.dialer4.Dialer
 	} else {
 		dialer = d.udpDialer4
 	}
@@ -296,12 +308,12 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network strin
 	if !fastFallback && !isPrimary {
 		d.networkLastFallback.Store(time.Now())
 	}
-	return trackConn(conn, nil)
+	return d.trackConn(conn, nil)
 }

 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
-		return trackPacketConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.PacketConn](d.netns, func() (net.PacketConn, error) {
+		return d.trackPacketConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.PacketConn](d.netns, func() (net.PacketConn, error) {
 			if destination.IsIPv6() {
 				return d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, d.udpAddr6)
 			} else if destination.IsIPv4() && !destination.Addr.IsUnspecified() {
@@ -315,6 +327,14 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	}
 }

+func (d *DefaultDialer) DialerForICMPDestination(destination netip.Addr) net.Dialer {
+	if !destination.Is6() {
+		return d.dialer6.Dialer
+	} else {
+		return d.dialer4.Dialer
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if strategy == nil {
 		strategy = d.networkStrategy
@@ -345,33 +365,23 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destina
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	return trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
+	return d.trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
 }

-func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	udpListener := d.udpListener
-	udpListener.Control = control.Append(udpListener.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
-		for _, wgControlFn := range WgControlFns {
-			err := wgControlFn(network, address, conn)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	return udpListener.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, address)
+func (d *DefaultDialer) WireGuardControl() control.Func {
+	return d.udpListener.Control
 }

-func trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if !conntrack.Enabled || err != nil {
+func (d *DefaultDialer) trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if d.connectionManager == nil || err != nil {
 		return conn, err
 	}
-	return conntrack.NewConn(conn)
+	return d.connectionManager.TrackConn(conn), nil
 }

-func trackPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn, err error) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	if !conntrack.Enabled || err != nil {
+func (d *DefaultDialer) trackPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn, err error) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	if d.connectionManager == nil || err != nil {
 		return conn, err
 	}
-	return conntrack.NewPacketConn(conn)
+	return d.connectionManager.TrackPacketConn(conn), nil
 }
--- a/common/dialer/default_go1.20.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_go1.20.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.20
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
-)
-
-type tcpDialer = tfo.Dialer
-
-func newTCPDialer(dialer net.Dialer, tfoEnabled bool) (tcpDialer, error) {
-	return tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer, DisableTFO: !tfoEnabled}, nil
-}
-
-func dialerFromTCPDialer(dialer tcpDialer) net.Dialer {
-	return dialer.Dialer
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_go1.21.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_go1.21.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21
-
-package dialer
-
-import "net"
-
-const go121Available = true
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(dialer *net.Dialer) {
-	dialer.SetMultipathTCP(true)
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_nongo1.20.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_nongo1.20.go
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.20
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-type tcpDialer = net.Dialer
-
-func newTCPDialer(dialer net.Dialer, tfoEnabled bool) (tcpDialer, error) {
-	if tfoEnabled {
-		return dialer, E.New("TCP Fast Open requires go1.20, please recompile your binary.")
-	}
-	return dialer, nil
-}
-
-func dialerFromTCPDialer(dialer tcpDialer) net.Dialer {
-	return dialer
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_nongo1.21.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_nongo1.21.go
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.21
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-)
-
-const go121Available = false
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(dialer *net.Dialer) {
-}
--- a/common/dialer/dialer.go
+++ b/common/dialer/dialer.go
@@ -145,3 +145,7 @@ type ParallelNetworkDialer interface {
 	DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
 	ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
 }
+
+type PacketDialerWithDestination interface {
+	ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
+}
--- a/common/dialer/tfo.go
+++ b/common/dialer/tfo.go
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build go1.20
-
 package dialer

 import (
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"

-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
+	"github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2"
 )

 type slowOpenConn struct {
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ type slowOpenConn struct {
 	err         error
 }

-func DialSlowContext(dialer *tcpDialer, ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
+func DialSlowContext(dialer *tfo.Dialer, ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if dialer.DisableTFO || N.NetworkName(network) != N.NetworkTCP {
 		switch N.NetworkName(network) {
 		case N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP:
--- a/common/dialer/tfo_stub.go
+++ b/common/dialer/tfo_stub.go
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.20
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func DialSlowContext(dialer *tcpDialer, ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
-	switch N.NetworkName(network) {
-	case N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP:
-		return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination.String())
-	default:
-		return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination.AddrString())
-	}
-}
--- a/common/dialer/wireguard.go
+++ b/common/dialer/wireguard.go
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 package dialer

 import (
-	"net"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 )

 type WireGuardListener interface {
-	ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error)
+	WireGuardControl() control.Func
 }
-
-var WgControlFns []control.Func
--- a/common/geosite/compat_test.go
+++ b/common/geosite/compat_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+package geosite
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Old implementation using varbin reflection-based serialization
+
+func oldWriteString(writer varbin.Writer, value string) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldWriteItem(writer varbin.Writer, item Item) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, item)
+}
+
+func oldReadString(reader varbin.Reader) (string, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldReadItem(reader varbin.Reader) (Item, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[Item](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func TestStringCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+	}{
+		{"empty", ""},
+		{"single_char", "a"},
+		{"ascii", "example.com"},
+		{"utf8", "测试域名.中国"},
+		{"special_chars", "\x00\xff\n\t"},
+		{"127_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 127)},
+		{"128_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 128)},
+		{"16383_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 16383)},
+		{"16384_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 16384)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteString(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = writeString(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestItemCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Note: varbin.Write has a bug where struct values (not pointers) don't write their fields
+	// because field.CanSet() returns false for non-addressable values.
+	// The old geosite code passed Item values to varbin.Write, which silently wrote nothing.
+	// The new code correctly writes Type + Value using manual serialization.
+	// This test verifies the new serialization format and round-trip correctness.
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input Item
+	}{
+		{"domain_empty", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: ""}},
+		{"domain_normal", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "example.com"}},
+		{"domain_suffix", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".example.com"}},
+		{"domain_keyword", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainKeyword, Value: "google"}},
+		{"domain_regex", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainRegex, Value: `^.*\.example\.com$`}},
+		{"utf8_domain", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "测试.com"}},
+		{"long_domain", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: strings.Repeat("a", 200) + ".com"}},
+		{"128_bytes_value", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := newBuf.WriteByte(byte(tc.input.Type))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			err = writeString(&newBuf, tc.input.Value)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify format: Type (1 byte) + Value (uvarint len + bytes)
+			require.True(t, len(newBuf.Bytes()) >= 1, "output too short")
+			require.Equal(t, byte(tc.input.Type), newBuf.Bytes()[0], "type byte mismatch")
+
+			// New write -> old read (varbin can read correctly when given addressable target)
+			readBack, err := oldReadItem(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// New write -> new read
+			reader := bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes()))
+			typeByte, err := reader.ReadByte()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			value, err := readString(reader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, Item{Type: ItemType(typeByte), Value: value})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeositeWriteReadCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input map[string][]Item
+	}{
+		{
+			"empty_map",
+			map[string][]Item{},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_empty_items",
+			map[string][]Item{"test": {}},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_single_item",
+			map[string][]Item{"test": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "a.com"}}},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_multi_items",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"test": {
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "a.com"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".b.com"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainKeyword, Value: "keyword"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainRegex, Value: `^.*$`},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"multi_code",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"cn": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "baidu.com"}, {Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".cn"}},
+				"us": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "google.com"}},
+				"jp": {{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".jp"}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"utf8_values",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"test": {
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "测试.中国"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".テスト"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"large_items",
+			generateLargeItems(1000),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Write using new implementation
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			err := Write(&buf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Read back and verify
+			reader, codes, err := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify all codes exist
+			codeSet := make(map[string]bool)
+			for _, code := range codes {
+				codeSet[code] = true
+			}
+			for code := range tc.input {
+				require.True(t, codeSet[code], "missing code: %s", code)
+			}
+
+			// Verify items match
+			for code, expectedItems := range tc.input {
+				items, err := reader.Read(code)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, expectedItems, items, "items mismatch for code: %s", code)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func generateLargeItems(count int) map[string][]Item {
+	items := make([]Item, count)
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		items[i] = Item{
+			Type:  ItemType(i % 4),
+			Value: strings.Repeat("x", i%200) + ".com",
+		}
+	}
+	return map[string][]Item{"large": items}
+}
--- a/common/geosite/reader.go
+++ b/common/geosite/reader.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"

 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 type Reader struct {
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ func (r *Reader) readMetadata() error {
 			codeIndex  uint64
 			codeLength uint64
 		)
-		code, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+		code, err = readString(reader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -112,9 +111,16 @@ func (r *Reader) Read(code string) ([]Item, error) {
 	}
 	r.bufferedReader.Reset(r.reader)
 	itemList := make([]Item, r.domainLength[code])
-	err = varbin.Read(r.bufferedReader, binary.BigEndian, &itemList)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	for i := range itemList {
+		typeByte, err := r.bufferedReader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		itemList[i].Type = ItemType(typeByte)
+		itemList[i].Value, err = readString(r.bufferedReader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 	return itemList, nil
 }
@@ -135,3 +141,18 @@ func (r *readCounter) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+func readString(reader io.ByteReader) (string, error) {
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	bytes := make([]byte, length)
+	for i := range bytes {
+		bytes[i], err = reader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return string(bytes), nil
+}
--- a/common/geosite/writer.go
+++ b/common/geosite/writer.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package geosite

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"sort"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
@@ -20,7 +19,11 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	for _, code := range keys {
 		index[code] = content.Len()
 		for _, item := range domains[code] {
-			err := varbin.Write(content, binary.BigEndian, item)
+			err := content.WriteByte(byte(item.Type))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			err = writeString(content, item.Value)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	}

 	for _, code := range keys {
-		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, code)
+		err = writeString(writer, code)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -59,3 +62,12 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {

 	return nil
 }
+
+func writeString(writer varbin.Writer, value string) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write([]byte(value))
+	return err
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type Conn struct {
+	aTLS.Conn
+	ctx             context.Context
+	logger          logger.ContextLogger
+	conn            net.Conn
+	rawConn         *badtls.RawConn
+	syscallConn     syscall.Conn
+	rawSyscallConn  syscall.RawConn
+	readWaitOptions N.ReadWaitOptions
+	kernelTx        bool
+	kernelRx        bool
+	pendingRxSplice bool
+}
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	err := Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	syscallConn, isSyscallConn := N.CastReader[interface {
+		io.Reader
+		syscall.Conn
+	}](conn.NetConn())
+	if !isSyscallConn {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	rawSyscallConn, err := syscallConn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rawConn, err := badtls.NewRawConn(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if *rawConn.Vers != tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	for rawConn.RawInput.Len() > 0 {
+		err = rawConn.ReadRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			err = rawConn.HandlePostHandshakeMessage()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, E.Cause(err, "handle post-handshake messages")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	kConn := &Conn{
+		Conn:           conn,
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		logger:         logger,
+		conn:           conn.NetConn(),
+		rawConn:        rawConn,
+		syscallConn:    syscallConn,
+		rawSyscallConn: rawSyscallConn,
+	}
+	err = kConn.setupKernel(txOffload, rxOffload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) Upstream() any {
+	return c.Conn
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) SyscallConnForRead() syscall.RawConn {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !*c.rawConn.IsClient {
+		c.logger.WarnContext(c.ctx, "ktls: RX splice is unavailable on the server size, since it will cause an unknown failure")
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: RX splice requested")
+	return c.rawSyscallConn
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) HandleSyscallReadError(inputErr error) ([]byte, error) {
+	if errors.Is(inputErr, unix.EINVAL) {
+		c.pendingRxSplice = true
+		err := c.readRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "ktls: handle non-application-data record")
+		}
+		var input bytes.Buffer
+		if c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 {
+			_, err = c.rawConn.Input.WriteTo(&input)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return input.Bytes(), nil
+	} else if errors.Is(inputErr, unix.EBADMSG) {
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertBadRecordMAC))
+	} else {
+		return nil, E.Cause(inputErr, "ktls: unexpected errno")
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) SyscallConnForWrite() syscall.RawConn {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: TX splice requested")
+	return c.rawSyscallConn
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_alert.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_alert.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+)
+
+const (
+	// alert level
+	alertLevelWarning = 1
+	alertLevelError   = 2
+)
+
+const (
+	alertCloseNotify                  = 0
+	alertUnexpectedMessage            = 10
+	alertBadRecordMAC                 = 20
+	alertDecryptionFailed             = 21
+	alertRecordOverflow               = 22
+	alertDecompressionFailure         = 30
+	alertHandshakeFailure             = 40
+	alertBadCertificate               = 42
+	alertUnsupportedCertificate       = 43
+	alertCertificateRevoked           = 44
+	alertCertificateExpired           = 45
+	alertCertificateUnknown           = 46
+	alertIllegalParameter             = 47
+	alertUnknownCA                    = 48
+	alertAccessDenied                 = 49
+	alertDecodeError                  = 50
+	alertDecryptError                 = 51
+	alertExportRestriction            = 60
+	alertProtocolVersion              = 70
+	alertInsufficientSecurity         = 71
+	alertInternalError                = 80
+	alertInappropriateFallback        = 86
+	alertUserCanceled                 = 90
+	alertNoRenegotiation              = 100
+	alertMissingExtension             = 109
+	alertUnsupportedExtension         = 110
+	alertCertificateUnobtainable      = 111
+	alertUnrecognizedName             = 112
+	alertBadCertificateStatusResponse = 113
+	alertBadCertificateHashValue      = 114
+	alertUnknownPSKIdentity           = 115
+	alertCertificateRequired          = 116
+	alertNoApplicationProtocol        = 120
+	alertECHRequired                  = 121
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) sendAlertLocked(err uint8) error {
+	switch err {
+	case alertNoRenegotiation, alertCloseNotify:
+		c.rawConn.Tmp[0] = alertLevelWarning
+	default:
+		c.rawConn.Tmp[0] = alertLevelError
+	}
+	c.rawConn.Tmp[1] = byte(err)
+
+	_, writeErr := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeAlert, c.rawConn.Tmp[0:2])
+	if err == alertCloseNotify {
+		// closeNotify is a special case in that it isn't an error.
+		return writeErr
+	}
+
+	return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "local error", Err: tls.AlertError(err)})
+}
+
+// sendAlert sends a TLS alert message.
+func (c *Conn) sendAlert(err uint8) error {
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+	return c.sendAlertLocked(err)
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_cipher_suites_linux.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_cipher_suites_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
+)
+
+type kernelCryptoCipherType uint16
+
+const (
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 51
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256              kernelCryptoCipherType = 52
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 53
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305              kernelCryptoCipherType = 54
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 12
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 0
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM              kernelCryptoCipherType = 55
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM              kernelCryptoCipherType = 56
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 57
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256              kernelCryptoCipherType = 58
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+)
+
+type kernelCrypto interface {
+	String() string
+}
+
+type kernelCryptoInfo struct {
+	version     uint16
+	cipher_type kernelCryptoCipherType
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES128GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES128GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES128GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES256GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES256GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES256GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES128CCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES128CCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES128CCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035{}
+
+type kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035 struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+// var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoSM4GCM{}
+
+// type kernelCryptoSM4GCM struct {
+// 	kernelCryptoInfo
+// 	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_IV_SIZE]byte
+// 	key     [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_KEY_SIZE]byte
+// 	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_SALT_SIZE]byte
+// 	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+// }
+
+// func (crypto *kernelCryptoSM4GCM) String() string {
+// 	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM
+// 	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+// }
+
+// var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoSM4CCM{}
+
+// type kernelCryptoSM4CCM struct {
+// 	kernelCryptoInfo
+// 	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_IV_SIZE]byte
+// 	key     [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_KEY_SIZE]byte
+// 	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_SALT_SIZE]byte
+// 	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+// }
+
+// func (crypto *kernelCryptoSM4CCM) String() string {
+// 	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM
+// 	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+// }
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoARIA128GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoARIA128GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoARIA128GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoARIA256GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoARIA256GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoARIA256GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+func kernelCipher(kernel *Support, hc *badtls.RawHalfConn, cipherSuite uint16, isRX bool) kernelCrypto {
+	if !kernel.TLS {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch *hc.Version {
+	case tls.VersionTLS12:
+		if isRX && !kernel.TLS_Version13_RX {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+	case tls.VersionTLS13:
+		if !kernel.TLS_Version13 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if isRX && !kernel.TLS_Version13_RX {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var key, iv []byte
+	if *hc.Version == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), *hc.TrafficSecret)
+		/*if isRX {
+			key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), keyLog.RemoteTrafficSecret)
+		} else {
+			key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), keyLog.TrafficSecret)
+		}*/
+	} else {
+		// csPtr := cipherSuiteByID(cipherSuite)
+		// keysFromMasterSecret(*hc.Version, csPtr, keyLog.Secret, keyLog.Random)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch cipherSuite {
+	case tls.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES128GCM)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+		copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	case tls.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:
+		if !kernel.TLS_AES_256_GCM {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES256GCM)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+		copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_AES_128_CCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES128CCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	case tls.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:
+		if !kernel.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv)
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_ARIA_GCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoARIA128GCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_ARIA_GCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoARIA256GCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_close.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_close.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Close() error {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.Conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	// Interlock with Conn.Write above.
+	var x int32
+	for {
+		x = c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Load()
+		if x&1 != 0 {
+			return net.ErrClosed
+		}
+		if c.rawConn.ActiveCall.CompareAndSwap(x, x|1) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if x != 0 {
+		// io.Writer and io.Closer should not be used concurrently.
+		// If Close is called while a Write is currently in-flight,
+		// interpret that as a sign that this Close is really just
+		// being used to break the Write and/or clean up resources and
+		// avoid sending the alertCloseNotify, which may block
+		// waiting on handshakeMutex or the c.out mutex.
+		return c.conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	var alertErr error
+	if c.rawConn.IsHandshakeComplete.Load() {
+		if err := c.closeNotify(); err != nil {
+			alertErr = fmt.Errorf("tls: failed to send closeNotify alert (but connection was closed anyway): %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := c.conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return alertErr
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) closeNotify() error {
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+	if !*c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent {
+		// Set a Write Deadline to prevent possibly blocking forever.
+		c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 5))
+		*c.rawConn.CloseNotifyErr = c.sendAlertLocked(alertCloseNotify)
+		*c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent = true
+		// Any subsequent writes will fail.
+		c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now())
+	}
+	return *c.rawConn.CloseNotifyErr
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_const.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_const.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+const (
+	maxPlaintext               = 16384        // maximum plaintext payload length
+	maxCiphertext              = 16384 + 2048 // maximum ciphertext payload length
+	maxCiphertextTLS13         = 16384 + 256  // maximum ciphertext length in TLS 1.3
+	recordHeaderLen            = 5            // record header length
+	maxHandshake               = 65536        // maximum handshake we support (protocol max is 16 MB)
+	maxHandshakeCertificateMsg = 262144       // maximum certificate message size (256 KiB)
+	maxUselessRecords          = 16           // maximum number of consecutive non-advancing records
+)
+
+const (
+	recordTypeChangeCipherSpec = 20
+	recordTypeAlert            = 21
+	recordTypeHandshake        = 22
+	recordTypeApplicationData  = 23
+)
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_handshake_messages.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_handshake_messages.go
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte"
+)
+
+// The marshalingFunction type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+// functions as cryptobyte.MarshalingValue.
+type marshalingFunction func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error
+
+func (f marshalingFunction) Marshal(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error {
+	return f(b)
+}
+
+// addBytesWithLength appends a sequence of bytes to the cryptobyte.Builder. If
+// the length of the sequence is not the value specified, it produces an error.
+func addBytesWithLength(b *cryptobyte.Builder, v []byte, n int) {
+	b.AddValue(marshalingFunction(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error {
+		if len(v) != n {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid value length: expected %d, got %d", n, len(v))
+		}
+		b.AddBytes(v)
+		return nil
+	}))
+}
+
+// addUint64 appends a big-endian, 64-bit value to the cryptobyte.Builder.
+func addUint64(b *cryptobyte.Builder, v uint64) {
+	b.AddUint32(uint32(v >> 32))
+	b.AddUint32(uint32(v))
+}
+
+// readUint64 decodes a big-endian, 64-bit value into out and advances over it.
+// It reports whether the read was successful.
+func readUint64(s *cryptobyte.String, out *uint64) bool {
+	var hi, lo uint32
+	if !s.ReadUint32(&hi) || !s.ReadUint32(&lo) {
+		return false
+	}
+	*out = uint64(hi)<<32 | uint64(lo)
+	return true
+}
+
+// readUint8LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint8LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint8LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint8LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+// readUint16LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint16LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+// readUint24LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint24LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint24LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint24LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+type keyUpdateMsg struct {
+	updateRequested bool
+}
+
+func (m *keyUpdateMsg) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b cryptobyte.Builder
+	b.AddUint8(typeKeyUpdate)
+	b.AddUint24LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+		if m.updateRequested {
+			b.AddUint8(1)
+		} else {
+			b.AddUint8(0)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (m *keyUpdateMsg) unmarshal(data []byte) bool {
+	s := cryptobyte.String(data)
+
+	var updateRequested uint8
+	if !s.Skip(4) || // message type and uint24 length field
+		!s.ReadUint8(&updateRequested) || !s.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch updateRequested {
+	case 0:
+		m.updateRequested = false
+	case 1:
+		m.updateRequested = true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// TLS handshake message types.
+const (
+	typeHelloRequest          uint8 = 0
+	typeClientHello           uint8 = 1
+	typeServerHello           uint8 = 2
+	typeNewSessionTicket      uint8 = 4
+	typeEndOfEarlyData        uint8 = 5
+	typeEncryptedExtensions   uint8 = 8
+	typeCertificate           uint8 = 11
+	typeServerKeyExchange     uint8 = 12
+	typeCertificateRequest    uint8 = 13
+	typeServerHelloDone       uint8 = 14
+	typeCertificateVerify     uint8 = 15
+	typeClientKeyExchange     uint8 = 16
+	typeFinished              uint8 = 20
+	typeCertificateStatus     uint8 = 22
+	typeKeyUpdate             uint8 = 24
+	typeCompressedCertificate uint8 = 25
+	typeMessageHash           uint8 = 254 // synthetic message
+)
+
+// TLS compression types.
+const (
+	compressionNone uint8 = 0
+)
+
+// TLS extension numbers
+const (
+	extensionServerName              uint16 = 0
+	extensionStatusRequest           uint16 = 5
+	extensionSupportedCurves         uint16 = 10 // supported_groups in TLS 1.3, see RFC 8446, Section 4.2.7
+	extensionSupportedPoints         uint16 = 11
+	extensionSignatureAlgorithms     uint16 = 13
+	extensionALPN                    uint16 = 16
+	extensionSCT                     uint16 = 18
+	extensionPadding                 uint16 = 21
+	extensionExtendedMasterSecret    uint16 = 23
+	extensionCompressCertificate     uint16 = 27 // compress_certificate in TLS 1.3
+	extensionSessionTicket           uint16 = 35
+	extensionPreSharedKey            uint16 = 41
+	extensionEarlyData               uint16 = 42
+	extensionSupportedVersions       uint16 = 43
+	extensionCookie                  uint16 = 44
+	extensionPSKModes                uint16 = 45
+	extensionCertificateAuthorities  uint16 = 47
+	extensionSignatureAlgorithmsCert uint16 = 50
+	extensionKeyShare                uint16 = 51
+	extensionQUICTransportParameters uint16 = 57
+	extensionALPS                    uint16 = 17513
+	extensionRenegotiationInfo       uint16 = 0xff01
+	extensionECHOuterExtensions      uint16 = 0xfd00
+	extensionEncryptedClientHello    uint16 = 0xfe0d
+)
+
+type handshakeMessage interface {
+	marshal() ([]byte, error)
+	unmarshal([]byte) bool
+}
+type newSessionTicketMsgTLS13 struct {
+	lifetime     uint32
+	ageAdd       uint32
+	nonce        []byte
+	label        []byte
+	maxEarlyData uint32
+}
+
+func (m *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b cryptobyte.Builder
+	b.AddUint8(typeNewSessionTicket)
+	b.AddUint24LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+		b.AddUint32(m.lifetime)
+		b.AddUint32(m.ageAdd)
+		b.AddUint8LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			b.AddBytes(m.nonce)
+		})
+		b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			b.AddBytes(m.label)
+		})
+
+		b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			if m.maxEarlyData > 0 {
+				b.AddUint16(extensionEarlyData)
+				b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+					b.AddUint32(m.maxEarlyData)
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (m *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13) unmarshal(data []byte) bool {
+	*m = newSessionTicketMsgTLS13{}
+	s := cryptobyte.String(data)
+
+	var extensions cryptobyte.String
+	if !s.Skip(4) || // message type and uint24 length field
+		!s.ReadUint32(&m.lifetime) ||
+		!s.ReadUint32(&m.ageAdd) ||
+		!readUint8LengthPrefixed(&s, &m.nonce) ||
+		!readUint16LengthPrefixed(&s, &m.label) ||
+		!s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed(&extensions) ||
+		!s.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for !extensions.Empty() {
+		var extension uint16
+		var extData cryptobyte.String
+		if !extensions.ReadUint16(&extension) ||
+			!extensions.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed(&extData) {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		switch extension {
+		case extensionEarlyData:
+			if !extData.ReadUint32(&m.maxEarlyData) {
+				return false
+			}
+		default:
+			// Ignore unknown extensions.
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !extData.Empty() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_key_update.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_key_update.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// handlePostHandshakeMessage processes a handshake message arrived after the
+// handshake is complete. Up to TLS 1.2, it indicates the start of a renegotiation.
+func (c *Conn) handlePostHandshakeMessage() error {
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers != tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		return errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support TLS 1.2 renegotiation")
+	}
+
+	msg, err := c.readHandshake(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	//c.retryCount++
+	//if c.retryCount > maxUselessRecords {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: too many non-advancing records"))
+	//}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13:
+		// return errors.New("ktls: received new session ticket")
+		return nil
+	case *keyUpdateMsg:
+		return c.handleKeyUpdate(msg)
+	}
+	// The QUIC layer is supposed to treat an unexpected post-handshake CertificateRequest
+	// as a QUIC-level PROTOCOL_VIOLATION error (RFC 9001, Section 4.4). Returning an
+	// unexpected_message alert here doesn't provide it with enough information to distinguish
+	// this condition from other unexpected messages. This is probably fine.
+	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	return fmt.Errorf("tls: received unexpected handshake message of type %T", msg)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) handleKeyUpdate(keyUpdate *keyUpdateMsg) error {
+	//if c.quic != nil {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: received unexpected key update message"))
+	//}
+
+	cipherSuite := cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(*c.rawConn.CipherSuite)
+	if cipherSuite == nil {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertInternalError))
+	}
+
+	newSecret := nextTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, *c.rawConn.In.TrafficSecret)
+	c.rawConn.In.SetTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, 0 /*tls.QUICEncryptionLevelInitial*/, newSecret)
+
+	err := c.resetupRX()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.sendAlert(alertInternalError)
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupRX failed: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if keyUpdate.updateRequested {
+		c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+		defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+		resetup, err := c.resetupTX()
+		if err != nil {
+			c.sendAlertLocked(alertInternalError)
+			return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupTX failed: %w", err))
+		}
+
+		msg := &keyUpdateMsg{}
+		msgBytes, err := msg.marshal()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeHandshake, msgBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Surface the error at the next write.
+			c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		newSecret := nextTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, *c.rawConn.Out.TrafficSecret)
+		c.rawConn.Out.SetTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, 0 /*QUICEncryptionLevelInitial*/, newSecret)
+
+		err = resetup()
+		if err != nil {
+			return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupTX failed: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readHandshakeBytes(n int) error {
+	//if c.quic != nil {
+	//	return c.quicReadHandshakeBytes(n)
+	//}
+	for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() < n {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readHandshake(transcript io.Writer) (any, error) {
+	if err := c.readHandshakeBytes(4); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data := c.rawConn.Hand.Bytes()
+
+	maxHandshakeSize := maxHandshake
+	// hasVers indicates we're past the first message, forcing someone trying to
+	// make us just allocate a large buffer to at least do the initial part of
+	// the handshake first.
+	//if c.haveVers && data[0] == typeCertificate {
+	// Since certificate messages are likely to be the only messages that
+	// can be larger than maxHandshake, we use a special limit for just
+	// those messages.
+	//maxHandshakeSize = maxHandshakeCertificateMsg
+	//}
+
+	n := int(data[1])<<16 | int(data[2])<<8 | int(data[3])
+	if n > maxHandshakeSize {
+		c.sendAlertLocked(alertInternalError)
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("tls: handshake message of length %d bytes exceeds maximum of %d bytes", n, maxHandshakeSize))
+	}
+	if err := c.readHandshakeBytes(4 + n); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data = c.rawConn.Hand.Next(4 + n)
+	return c.unmarshalHandshakeMessage(data, transcript)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) unmarshalHandshakeMessage(data []byte, transcript io.Writer) (any, error) {
+	var m handshakeMessage
+	switch data[0] {
+	case typeNewSessionTicket:
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			m = new(newSessionTicketMsgTLS13)
+		} else {
+			return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+		}
+	case typeKeyUpdate:
+		m = new(keyUpdateMsg)
+	default:
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	// The handshake message unmarshalers
+	// expect to be able to keep references to data,
+	// so pass in a fresh copy that won't be overwritten.
+	data = append([]byte(nil), data...)
+
+	if !m.unmarshal(data) {
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecodeError))
+	}
+
+	if transcript != nil {
+		transcript.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_linux.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badversion"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/shell"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// mod from https://gitlab.com/go-extension/tls
+
+const (
+	TLS_TX               = 1
+	TLS_RX               = 2
+	TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_RO   = 3 // TX zerocopy (only sendfile now)
+	TLS_RX_EXPECT_NO_PAD = 4 // Attempt opportunistic zero-copy, TLS 1.3 only
+
+	TLS_SET_RECORD_TYPE = 1
+	TLS_GET_RECORD_TYPE = 2
+)
+
+type Support struct {
+	TLS, TLS_RX                     bool
+	TLS_Version13, TLS_Version13_RX bool
+
+	TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY  bool
+	TLS_RX_NOPADDING bool
+
+	TLS_AES_256_GCM       bool
+	TLS_AES_128_CCM       bool
+	TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 bool
+	TLS_SM4               bool
+	TLS_ARIA_GCM          bool
+
+	TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate bool
+}
+
+var KernelSupport = sync.OnceValues(func() (*Support, error) {
+	var uname unix.Utsname
+	err := unix.Uname(&uname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	kernelVersion := badversion.Parse(strings.Trim(string(uname.Release[:]), "\x00"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var support Support
+	switch {
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6, Minor: 14}):
+		support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6, Minor: 1}):
+		support.TLS_ARIA_GCM = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6}):
+		support.TLS_Version13_RX = true
+		support.TLS_RX_NOPADDING = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 19}):
+		support.TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 16}):
+		support.TLS_SM4 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 11}):
+		support.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 2}):
+		support.TLS_AES_128_CCM = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 1}):
+		support.TLS_AES_256_GCM = true
+		support.TLS_Version13 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 4, Minor: 17}):
+		support.TLS_RX = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 4, Minor: 13}):
+		support.TLS = true
+	}
+
+	if support.TLS && support.TLS_Version13 {
+		_, err := os.Stat("/sys/module/tls")
+		if err != nil {
+			if os.Getuid() == 0 {
+				output, err := shell.Exec("modprobe", "tls").Read()
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, E.Extend(E.Cause(err, "modprobe tls"), output)
+				}
+			} else {
+				return nil, E.New("ktls: kernel TLS module not loaded")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &support, nil
+})
+
+func Load() error {
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "ktls: check availability")
+	}
+	if !support.TLS || !support.TLS_Version13 {
+		return E.New("ktls: kernel does not support TLS 1.3")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) setupKernel(txOffload, rxOffload bool) error {
+	if !txOffload && !rxOffload {
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "check availability")
+	}
+	if !support.TLS || !support.TLS_Version13 {
+		return E.New("kernel does not support TLS 1.3")
+	}
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+	err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+		return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TCP, unix.TCP_ULP, "tls")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("setsockopt", err)
+	}
+
+	if txOffload {
+		txCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.Out, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, false)
+		if txCrypto == nil {
+			return E.New("unsupported cipher suite")
+		}
+		err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, txCrypto.String())
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if support.TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY {
+			err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+				return syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_RO, 1)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		c.kernelTx = true
+		c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: kernel TLS TX enabled")
+	}
+
+	if rxOffload {
+		rxCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.In, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, true)
+		if rxCrypto == nil {
+			return E.New("unsupported cipher suite")
+		}
+		err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, rxCrypto.String())
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers >= tls.VersionTLS13 && support.TLS_RX_NOPADDING {
+			err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+				return syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX_EXPECT_NO_PAD, 1)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		c.kernelRx = true
+		c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: kernel TLS RX enabled")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) resetupTX() (func() error, error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate {
+		return nil, errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support rekey")
+	}
+	txCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.Out, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, false)
+	if txCrypto == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("ktls: set kernelCipher on unsupported tls session")
+	}
+	return func() error {
+		return control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, txCrypto.String())
+		})
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) resetupRX() error {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate {
+		return errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support rekey")
+	}
+	rxCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.In, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, true)
+	if rxCrypto == nil {
+		return errors.New("ktls: set kernelCipher on unsupported tls session")
+	}
+	return control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+		return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, rxCrypto.String())
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readKernelRecord() (uint8, []byte, error) {
+	if c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() < maxPlaintext {
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Grow(maxPlaintext - c.rawConn.RawInput.Len())
+	}
+
+	data := c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[:maxPlaintext]
+
+	// cmsg for record type
+	buffer := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(1))
+	cmsg := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
+	cmsg.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(1))
+
+	var iov unix.Iovec
+	iov.Base = &data[0]
+	iov.SetLen(len(data))
+
+	var msg unix.Msghdr
+	msg.Control = &buffer[0]
+	msg.Controllen = cmsg.Len
+	msg.Iov = &iov
+	msg.Iovlen = 1
+
+	var n int
+	var err error
+	er := c.rawSyscallConn.Read(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		n, err = recvmsg(int(fd), &msg, 0)
+		return err != unix.EAGAIN || c.pendingRxSplice
+	})
+	if er != nil {
+		return 0, nil, er
+	}
+	switch err {
+	case nil:
+	case syscall.EINVAL, syscall.EAGAIN:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertProtocolVersion))
+	case syscall.EMSGSIZE:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow))
+	case syscall.EBADMSG:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecryptError))
+	default:
+		return 0, nil, err
+	}
+
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(io.EOF)
+	}
+
+	if cmsg.Level == unix.SOL_TLS && cmsg.Type == TLS_GET_RECORD_TYPE {
+		typ := buffer[unix.CmsgLen(0)]
+		return typ, data[:n], nil
+	}
+
+	return recordTypeApplicationData, data[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) writeKernelRecord(typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if typ == recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return c.conn.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	// cmsg for record type
+	buffer := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(1))
+	cmsg := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
+	cmsg.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(1))
+	buffer[unix.CmsgLen(0)] = byte(typ)
+	cmsg.Level = unix.SOL_TLS
+	cmsg.Type = TLS_SET_RECORD_TYPE
+
+	var iov unix.Iovec
+	iov.Base = &data[0]
+	iov.SetLen(len(data))
+
+	var msg unix.Msghdr
+	msg.Control = &buffer[0]
+	msg.Controllen = cmsg.Len
+	msg.Iov = &iov
+	msg.Iovlen = 1
+
+	var n int
+	var err error
+	ew := c.rawSyscallConn.Write(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		n, err = sendmsg(int(fd), &msg, 0)
+		return err != unix.EAGAIN
+	})
+	if ew != nil {
+		return 0, ew
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+//go:linkname recvmsg golang.org/x/sys/unix.recvmsg
+func recvmsg(fd int, msg *unix.Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error)
+
+//go:linkname sendmsg golang.org/x/sys/unix.sendmsg
+func sendmsg(fd int, msg *unix.Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error)
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_prf.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_prf.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cipherSuiteByID github.com/metacubex/utls.cipherSuiteByID
+func cipherSuiteByID(id uint16) unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname keysFromMasterSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.keysFromMasterSecret
+func keysFromMasterSecret(version uint16, suite unsafe.Pointer, masterSecret, clientRandom, serverRandom []byte, macLen, keyLen, ivLen int) (clientMAC, serverMAC, clientKey, serverKey, clientIV, serverIV []byte)
+
+//go:linkname cipherSuiteTLS13ByID github.com/metacubex/utls.cipherSuiteTLS13ByID
+func cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(id uint16) unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname nextTrafficSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.(*cipherSuiteTLS13).nextTrafficSecret
+func nextTrafficSecret(cs unsafe.Pointer, trafficSecret []byte) []byte
+
+//go:linkname trafficKey github.com/metacubex/utls.(*cipherSuiteTLS13).trafficKey
+func trafficKey(cs unsafe.Pointer, trafficSecret []byte) (key, iv []byte)
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_read.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_read.go
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return c.Conn.Read(b)
+	}
+
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		// Put this after Handshake, in case people were calling
+		// Read(nil) for the side effect of the Handshake.
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			if err := c.handlePostHandshakeMessage(); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, _ := c.rawConn.Input.Read(b)
+
+	// If a close-notify alert is waiting, read it so that we can return (n,
+	// EOF) instead of (n, nil), to signal to the HTTP response reading
+	// goroutine that the connection is now closed. This eliminates a race
+	// where the HTTP response reading goroutine would otherwise not observe
+	// the EOF until its next read, by which time a client goroutine might
+	// have already tried to reuse the HTTP connection for a new request.
+	// See https://golang.org/cl/76400046 and https://golang.org/issue/3514
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() > 0 &&
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == recordTypeAlert {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return n, err // will be io.EOF on closeNotify
+		}
+	}
+
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readRecord() error {
+	if *c.rawConn.In.Err != nil {
+		return *c.rawConn.In.Err
+	}
+
+	typ, data, err := c.readRawRecord()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(data) > maxPlaintext {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow))
+	}
+
+	// Application Data messages are always protected.
+	if c.rawConn.In.Cipher == nil && typ == recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	//if typ != recordTypeAlert && typ != recordTypeChangeCipherSpec && len(data) > 0 {
+	// This is a state-advancing message: reset the retry count.
+	// c.retryCount = 0
+	//}
+
+	// Handshake messages MUST NOT be interleaved with other record types in TLS 1.3.
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 && typ != recordTypeHandshake && c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	switch typ {
+	default:
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	case recordTypeAlert:
+		//if c.quic != nil {
+		//	return c.rawConn.In.setErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		//}
+		if len(data) != 2 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		if data[1] == alertCloseNotify {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(io.EOF)
+		}
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			// TLS 1.3 removed warning-level alerts except for alertUserCanceled
+			// (RFC 8446, § 6.1). Since at least one major implementation
+			// (https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8323517) misuses this alert,
+			// many TLS stacks now ignore it outright when seen in a TLS 1.3
+			// handshake (e.g. BoringSSL, NSS, Rustls).
+			if data[1] == alertUserCanceled {
+				// Like TLS 1.2 alertLevelWarning alerts, we drop the record and retry.
+				return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+			}
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "remote error", Err: tls.AlertError(data[1])})
+		}
+		switch data[0] {
+		case alertLevelWarning:
+			// Drop the record on the floor and retry.
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		case alertLevelError:
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "remote error", Err: tls.AlertError(data[1])})
+		default:
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+
+	case recordTypeChangeCipherSpec:
+		if len(data) != 1 || data[0] != 1 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecodeError))
+		}
+		// Handshake messages are not allowed to fragment across the CCS.
+		if c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		// In TLS 1.3, change_cipher_spec records are ignored until the
+		// Finished. See RFC 8446, Appendix D.4. Note that according to Section
+		// 5, a server can send a ChangeCipherSpec before its ServerHello, when
+		// c.vers is still unset. That's not useful though and suspicious if the
+		// server then selects a lower protocol version, so don't allow that.
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		}
+		// if !expectChangeCipherSpec {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		//}
+		//if err := c.rawConn.In.changeCipherSpec(); err != nil {
+		//	return c.rawConn.In.setErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(err.(alert)))
+		//}
+
+	case recordTypeApplicationData:
+		// Some OpenSSL servers send empty records in order to randomize the
+		// CBC RawIV. Ignore a limited number of empty records.
+		if len(data) == 0 {
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		}
+		// Note that data is owned by c.rawInput, following the Next call above,
+		// to avoid copying the plaintext. This is safe because c.rawInput is
+		// not read from or written to until c.input is drained.
+		c.rawConn.Input.Reset(data)
+	case recordTypeHandshake:
+		if len(data) == 0 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		c.rawConn.Hand.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+//nolint:staticcheck
+func (c *Conn) readRawRecord() (typ uint8, data []byte, err error) {
+	// Read from kernel.
+	if c.kernelRx {
+		return c.readKernelRecord()
+	}
+
+	// Read header, payload.
+	if err = c.readFromUntil(c.conn, recordHeaderLen); err != nil {
+		// RFC 8446, Section 6.1 suggests that EOF without an alertCloseNotify
+		// is an error, but popular web sites seem to do this, so we accept it
+		// if and only if at the record boundary.
+		if err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF && c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() == 0 {
+			err = io.EOF
+		}
+		if e, ok := err.(net.Error); !ok || !e.Temporary() {
+			c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	hdr := c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[:recordHeaderLen]
+	typ = hdr[0]
+
+	vers := uint16(hdr[1])<<8 | uint16(hdr[2])
+	expectedVers := *c.rawConn.Vers
+	if expectedVers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		// All TLS 1.3 records are expected to have 0x0303 (1.2) after
+		// the initial hello (RFC 8446 Section 5.1).
+		expectedVers = tls.VersionTLS12
+	}
+	n := int(hdr[3])<<8 | int(hdr[4])
+	if /*c.haveVers && */ vers != expectedVers {
+		c.sendAlert(alertProtocolVersion)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("received record with version %x when expecting version %x", vers, expectedVers)
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(nil, msg))
+		return
+	}
+	//if !c.haveVers {
+	//	// First message, be extra suspicious: this might not be a TLS
+	//	// client. Bail out before reading a full 'body', if possible.
+	//	// The current max version is 3.3 so if the version is >= 16.0,
+	//	// it's probably not real.
+	//	if (typ != recordTypeAlert && typ != recordTypeHandshake) || vers >= 0x1000 {
+	//		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(c.conn, "first record does not look like a TLS handshake"))
+	//		return
+	//	}
+	//}
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 && n > maxCiphertextTLS13 || n > maxCiphertext {
+		c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("oversized record received with length %d", n)
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(nil, msg))
+		return
+	}
+	if err = c.readFromUntil(c.conn, recordHeaderLen+n); err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(net.Error); !ok || !e.Temporary() {
+			c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Process message.
+	record := c.rawConn.RawInput.Next(recordHeaderLen + n)
+	data, typ, err = c.rawConn.In.Decrypt(record)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(uint8(err.(tls.AlertError))))
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// retryReadRecord recurs into readRecordOrCCS to drop a non-advancing record, like
+// a warning alert, empty application_data, or a change_cipher_spec in TLS 1.3.
+func (c *Conn) retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec bool*/ ) error {
+	//c.retryCount++
+	//if c.retryCount > maxUselessRecords {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: too many ignored records"))
+	//}
+	return c.readRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+}
+
+// atLeastReader reads from R, stopping with EOF once at least N bytes have been
+// read. It is different from an io.LimitedReader in that it doesn't cut short
+// the last Read call, and in that it considers an early EOF an error.
+type atLeastReader struct {
+	R io.Reader
+	N int64
+}
+
+func (r *atLeastReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if r.N <= 0 {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+	n, err := r.R.Read(p)
+	r.N -= int64(n) // won't underflow unless len(p) >= n > 9223372036854775809
+	if r.N > 0 && err == io.EOF {
+		return n, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	if r.N <= 0 && err == nil {
+		return n, io.EOF
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// readFromUntil reads from r into c.rawConn.RawInput until c.rawConn.RawInput contains
+// at least n bytes or else returns an error.
+func (c *Conn) readFromUntil(r io.Reader, n int) error {
+	if c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() >= n {
+		return nil
+	}
+	needs := n - c.rawConn.RawInput.Len()
+	// There might be extra input waiting on the wire. Make a best effort
+	// attempt to fetch it so that it can be used in (*Conn).Read to
+	// "predict" closeNotify alerts.
+	c.rawConn.RawInput.Grow(needs + bytes.MinRead)
+	_, err := c.rawConn.RawInput.ReadFrom(&atLeastReader{r, int64(needs)})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) newRecordHeaderError(conn net.Conn, msg string) (err tls.RecordHeaderError) {
+	err.Msg = msg
+	err.Conn = conn
+	copy(err.RecordHeader[:], c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes())
+	return err
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_read_wait.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_read_wait.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) InitializeReadWaiter(options N.ReadWaitOptions) (needCopy bool) {
+	c.readWaitOptions = options
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) WaitReadBuffer() (buffer *buf.Buffer, err error) {
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		err = c.readRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	buffer = c.readWaitOptions.NewBuffer()
+	n, err := c.rawConn.Input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		buffer.Release()
+		return
+	}
+	buffer.Truncate(n)
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 &&
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == recordTypeAlert {
+		_ = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
+	}
+	c.readWaitOptions.PostReturn(buffer)
+	return
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nolinkname.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nolinkname.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("kTLS requires build flags `badlinkname` and `-ldflags=-checklinkname=0`, please recompile your binary")
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nonlinux.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nonlinux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_stub_oldgo.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_stub_oldgo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build linux && !go1.25
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("kTLS requires Go 1.25 or later, please recompile your binary")
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_write.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_write.go
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.Conn.Write(b)
+	}
+	// interlock with Close below
+	for {
+		x := c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Load()
+		if x&1 != 0 {
+			return 0, net.ErrClosed
+		}
+		if c.rawConn.ActiveCall.CompareAndSwap(x, x+2) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	defer c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Add(-2)
+
+	//if err := c.Conn.HandshakeContext(context.Background()); err != nil {
+	//	return 0, err
+	//}
+
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+	if err := *c.rawConn.Out.Err; err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if !c.rawConn.IsHandshakeComplete.Load() {
+		return 0, tls.AlertError(alertInternalError)
+	}
+
+	if *c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent {
+		// return 0, errShutdown
+		return 0, errors.New("tls: protocol is shutdown")
+	}
+
+	// TLS 1.0 is susceptible to a chosen-plaintext
+	// attack when using block mode ciphers due to predictable IVs.
+	// This can be prevented by splitting each Application Data
+	// record into two records, effectively randomizing the RawIV.
+	//
+	// https://www.openssl.org/~bodo/tls-cbc.txt
+	// https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=665814
+	// https://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/01/15/beastfollowup.html
+
+	var m int
+	if len(b) > 1 && *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS10 {
+		if _, ok := (*c.rawConn.Out.Cipher).(cipher.BlockMode); ok {
+			n, err := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeApplicationData, b[:1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return n, c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+			}
+			m, b = 1, b[1:]
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, err := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeApplicationData, b)
+	return n + m, c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) writeRecordLocked(typ uint16, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.rawConn.WriteRecordLocked(typ, data)
+	}
+	/*for len(data) > 0 {
+		m := len(data)
+		if maxPayload := c.maxPayloadSizeForWrite(typ); m > maxPayload {
+			m = maxPayload
+		}
+		_, err = c.writeKernelRecord(typ, data[:m])
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		n += m
+		data = data[m:]
+	}*/
+	return c.writeKernelRecord(typ, data)
+}
+
+const (
+	// tcpMSSEstimate is a conservative estimate of the TCP maximum segment
+	// size (MSS). A constant is used, rather than querying the kernel for
+	// the actual MSS, to avoid complexity. The value here is the IPv6
+	// minimum MTU (1280 bytes) minus the overhead of an IPv6 header (40
+	// bytes) and a TCP header with timestamps (32 bytes).
+	tcpMSSEstimate = 1208
+
+	// recordSizeBoostThreshold is the number of bytes of application data
+	// sent after which the TLS record size will be increased to the
+	// maximum.
+	recordSizeBoostThreshold = 128 * 1024
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) maxPayloadSizeForWrite(typ uint16) int {
+	if /*c.config.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled ||*/ typ != recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return maxPlaintext
+	}
+
+	if *c.rawConn.PacketsSent >= recordSizeBoostThreshold {
+		return maxPlaintext
+	}
+
+	// Subtract TLS overheads to get the maximum payload size.
+	payloadBytes := tcpMSSEstimate - recordHeaderLen - c.rawConn.Out.ExplicitNonceLen()
+	if rawCipher := *c.rawConn.Out.Cipher; rawCipher != nil {
+		switch ciph := rawCipher.(type) {
+		case cipher.Stream:
+			payloadBytes -= (*c.rawConn.Out.Mac).Size()
+		case cipher.AEAD:
+			payloadBytes -= ciph.Overhead()
+		/*case cbcMode:
+		blockSize := ciph.BlockSize()
+		// The payload must fit in a multiple of blockSize, with
+		// room for at least one padding byte.
+		payloadBytes = (payloadBytes & ^(blockSize - 1)) - 1
+		// The RawMac is appended before padding so affects the
+		// payload size directly.
+		payloadBytes -= c.out.mac.Size()*/
+		default:
+			panic("unknown cipher type")
+		}
+	}
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		payloadBytes-- // encrypted ContentType
+	}
+
+	// Allow packet growth in arithmetic progression up to max.
+	pkt := *c.rawConn.PacketsSent
+	*c.rawConn.PacketsSent++
+	if pkt > 1000 {
+		return maxPlaintext // avoid overflow in multiply below
+	}
+
+	n := payloadBytes * int(pkt+1)
+	if n > maxPlaintext {
+		n = maxPlaintext
+	}
+	return n
+}
--- a/common/listener/listener_go121.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_go121.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21
-
-package listener
-
-import "net"
-
-const go121Available = true
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(listenConfig *net.ListenConfig) {
-	listenConfig.SetMultipathTCP(true)
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_go123.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_go123.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.23
-
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(listener *net.ListenConfig, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	listener.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
-		Enable:   true,
-		Idle:     idle,
-		Interval: interval,
-	}
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_nongo121.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_nongo121.go
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.21
-
-package listener
-
-import "net"
-
-const go121Available = false
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(listenConfig *net.ListenConfig) {
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_nongo123.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_nongo123.go
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.23
-
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(listener *net.ListenConfig, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	listener.KeepAlive = idle
-	listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(idle, interval))
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"

-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
+	"github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2"
 )

 func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
 	if l.listenOptions.ReuseAddr {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, control.ReuseAddr())
 	}
-	if l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAlive >= 0 {
+	if !l.listenOptions.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
 		keepIdle := time.Duration(l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAlive)
 		if keepIdle == 0 {
 			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
@@ -46,13 +46,14 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
 		if keepInterval == 0 {
 			keepInterval = C.TCPKeepAliveInterval
 		}
-		setKeepAliveConfig(&listenConfig, keepIdle, keepInterval)
+		listenConfig.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
+			Enable:   true,
+			Idle:     keepIdle,
+			Interval: keepInterval,
+		}
 	}
 	if l.listenOptions.TCPMultiPath {
-		if !go121Available {
-			return nil, E.New("MultiPath TCP requires go1.21, please recompile your binary.")
-		}
-		setMultiPathTCP(&listenConfig)
+		listenConfig.SetMultipathTCP(true)
 	}
 	if l.tproxy {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
@@ -98,8 +99,6 @@ func (l *Listener) loopTCPIn() {
 		}
 		//nolint:staticcheck
 		metadata.InboundDetour = l.listenOptions.Detour
-		//nolint:staticcheck
-		metadata.InboundOptions = l.listenOptions.InboundOptions
 		metadata.Source = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.RemoteAddr()).Unwrap()
 		metadata.OriginDestination = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.LocalAddr()).Unwrap()
 		ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(l.ctx)
--- a/common/process/searcher.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"os/user"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 )

 type Searcher interface {
-	FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*Info, error)
+	FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error)
 }

 var ErrNotFound = E.New("process not found")
@@ -22,15 +23,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	PackageManager tun.PackageManager
 }

-type Info struct {
-	ProcessID   uint32
-	ProcessPath string
-	PackageName string
-	User        string
-	UserId      int32
-}
-
-func FindProcessInfo(searcher Searcher, ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*Info, error) {
+func FindProcessInfo(searcher Searcher, ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	info, err := searcher.FindProcessInfo(ctx, network, source, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -38,7 +31,7 @@ func FindProcessInfo(searcher Searcher, ctx context.Context, network string, sou
 	if info.UserId != -1 {
 		osUser, _ := user.LookupId(F.ToString(info.UserId))
 		if osUser != nil {
-			info.User = osUser.Username
+			info.UserName = osUser.Username
 		}
 	}
 	return info, nil
--- a/common/process/searcher_android.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_android.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net/netip"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 )

@@ -17,22 +18,22 @@ func NewSearcher(config Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &androidSearcher{config.PackageManager}, nil
 }

-func (s *androidSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*Info, error) {
+func (s *androidSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	_, uid, err := resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if sharedPackage, loaded := s.packageManager.SharedPackageByID(uid % 100000); loaded {
-		return &Info{
-			UserId:      int32(uid),
-			PackageName: sharedPackage,
+		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+			UserId:             int32(uid),
+			AndroidPackageName: sharedPackage,
 		}, nil
 	}
 	if packageName, loaded := s.packageManager.PackageByID(uid % 100000); loaded {
-		return &Info{
-			UserId:      int32(uid),
-			PackageName: packageName,
+		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+			UserId:             int32(uid),
+			AndroidPackageName: packageName,
 		}, nil
 	}
-	return &Info{UserId: int32(uid)}, nil
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{UserId: int32(uid)}, nil
 }
--- a/common/process/searcher_darwin.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_darwin.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"

 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
@@ -23,12 +24,12 @@ func NewSearcher(_ Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &darwinSearcher{}, nil
 }

-func (d *darwinSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*Info, error) {
+func (d *darwinSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	processName, err := findProcessName(network, source.Addr(), int(source.Port()))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &Info{ProcessPath: processName, UserId: -1}, nil
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{ProcessPath: processName, UserId: -1}, nil
 }

 var structSize = func() int {
--- a/common/process/searcher_linux.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_linux.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net/netip"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 )

@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ func NewSearcher(config Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &linuxSearcher{config.Logger}, nil
 }

-func (s *linuxSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*Info, error) {
+func (s *linuxSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	inode, uid, err := resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ func (s *linuxSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, sou
 	if err != nil {
 		s.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "find process path: ", err)
 	}
-	return &Info{
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
 		UserId:      int32(uid),
 		ProcessPath: processPath,
 	}, nil
--- a/common/process/searcher_windows.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_windows.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"syscall"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/winiphlpapi"

@@ -27,16 +28,16 @@ func initWin32API() error {
 	return winiphlpapi.LoadExtendedTable()
 }

-func (s *windowsSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*Info, error) {
+func (s *windowsSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	pid, err := winiphlpapi.FindPid(network, source)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	path, err := getProcessPath(pid)
 	if err != nil {
-		return &Info{ProcessID: pid, UserId: -1}, err
+		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{ProcessID: pid, UserId: -1}, err
 	}
-	return &Info{ProcessID: pid, ProcessPath: path, UserId: -1}, nil
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{ProcessID: pid, ProcessPath: path, UserId: -1}, nil
 }

 func getProcessPath(pid uint32) (string, error) {
--- a/common/settings/wifi.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package settings
+
+import "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+
+type WIFIMonitor interface {
+	ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState
+	Start() error
+	Close() error
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_linux.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+)
+
+type LinuxWIFIMonitor struct {
+	monitor WIFIMonitor
+}
+
+func NewWIFIMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	monitors := []func(func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error){
+		newNetworkManagerMonitor,
+		newIWDMonitor,
+		newWpaSupplicantMonitor,
+		newConnManMonitor,
+	}
+	var errors []error
+	for _, factory := range monitors {
+		monitor, err := factory(callback)
+		if err == nil {
+			return &LinuxWIFIMonitor{monitor: monitor}, nil
+		}
+		errors = append(errors, err)
+	}
+	return nil, E.Cause(E.Errors(errors...), "no supported WIFI manager found")
+}
+
+func (m *LinuxWIFIMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	return m.monitor.ReadWIFIState()
+}
+
+func (m *LinuxWIFIMonitor) Start() error {
+	if m.monitor != nil {
+		return m.monitor.Start()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *LinuxWIFIMonitor) Close() error {
+	if m.monitor != nil {
+		return m.monitor.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_linux_connman.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_linux_connman.go
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+)
+
+type connmanMonitor struct {
+	conn       *dbus.Conn
+	callback   func(adapter.WIFIState)
+	cancel     context.CancelFunc
+	signalChan chan *dbus.Signal
+}
+
+func newConnManMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cmObj := conn.Object("net.connman", "/")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	call := cmObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "net.connman.Manager.GetServices", 0)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, call.Err
+	}
+	return &connmanMonitor{conn: conn, callback: callback}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *connmanMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cmObj := m.conn.Object("net.connman", "/")
+	var services []interface{}
+	err := cmObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "net.connman.Manager.GetServices", 0).Store(&services)
+	if err != nil {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range services {
+		servicePair, ok := service.([]interface{})
+		if !ok || len(servicePair) != 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		serviceProps, ok := servicePair[1].(map[string]dbus.Variant)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		typeVariant, hasType := serviceProps["Type"]
+		if !hasType {
+			continue
+		}
+		serviceType, ok := typeVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok || serviceType != "wifi" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		stateVariant, hasState := serviceProps["State"]
+		if !hasState {
+			continue
+		}
+		state, ok := stateVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok || (state != "online" && state != "ready") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		nameVariant, hasName := serviceProps["Name"]
+		if !hasName {
+			continue
+		}
+		ssid, ok := nameVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok || ssid == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		bssidVariant, hasBSSID := serviceProps["BSSID"]
+		if !hasBSSID {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+		bssid, ok := bssidVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+
+		return adapter.WIFIState{
+			SSID:  ssid,
+			BSSID: strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(bssid, ":", "")),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return adapter.WIFIState{}
+}
+
+func (m *connmanMonitor) Start() error {
+	if m.callback == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.cancel = cancel
+
+	m.signalChan = make(chan *dbus.Signal, 10)
+	m.conn.Signal(m.signalChan)
+
+	err := m.conn.AddMatchSignal(
+		dbus.WithMatchInterface("net.connman.Service"),
+		dbus.WithMatchSender("net.connman"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+	go m.monitorSignals(ctx, m.signalChan, state)
+	m.callback(state)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *connmanMonitor) monitorSignals(ctx context.Context, signalChan chan *dbus.Signal, lastState adapter.WIFIState) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case signal, ok := <-signalChan:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			// godbus Signal.Name uses "interface.member" format (e.g. "net.connman.Service.PropertyChanged"),
+			// not just the member name. This differs from the D-Bus signal member in the match rule.
+			if signal.Name == "net.connman.Service.PropertyChanged" {
+				state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+				if state != lastState {
+					lastState = state
+					m.callback(state)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *connmanMonitor) Close() error {
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		m.cancel()
+	}
+	if m.signalChan != nil {
+		m.conn.RemoveSignal(m.signalChan)
+		close(m.signalChan)
+	}
+	if m.conn != nil {
+		m.conn.RemoveMatchSignal(
+			dbus.WithMatchInterface("net.connman.Service"),
+			dbus.WithMatchSender("net.connman"),
+		)
+		return m.conn.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_linux_iwd.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_linux_iwd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+)
+
+type iwdMonitor struct {
+	conn       *dbus.Conn
+	callback   func(adapter.WIFIState)
+	cancel     context.CancelFunc
+	signalChan chan *dbus.Signal
+}
+
+func newIWDMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	iwdObj := conn.Object("net.connman.iwd", "/")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	call := iwdObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager.GetManagedObjects", 0)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, call.Err
+	}
+	return &iwdMonitor{conn: conn, callback: callback}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *iwdMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	iwdObj := m.conn.Object("net.connman.iwd", "/")
+	var objects map[dbus.ObjectPath]map[string]map[string]dbus.Variant
+	err := iwdObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager.GetManagedObjects", 0).Store(&objects)
+	if err != nil {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+
+	for _, interfaces := range objects {
+		stationProps, hasStation := interfaces["net.connman.iwd.Station"]
+		if !hasStation {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		stateVariant, hasState := stationProps["State"]
+		if !hasState {
+			continue
+		}
+		state, ok := stateVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok || state != "connected" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		connectedNetworkVariant, hasNetwork := stationProps["ConnectedNetwork"]
+		if !hasNetwork {
+			continue
+		}
+		networkPath, ok := connectedNetworkVariant.Value().(dbus.ObjectPath)
+		if !ok || networkPath == "/" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		networkInterfaces, hasNetworkPath := objects[networkPath]
+		if !hasNetworkPath {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		networkProps, hasNetworkInterface := networkInterfaces["net.connman.iwd.Network"]
+		if !hasNetworkInterface {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		nameVariant, hasName := networkProps["Name"]
+		if !hasName {
+			continue
+		}
+		ssid, ok := nameVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		connectedBSSVariant, hasBSS := stationProps["ConnectedAccessPoint"]
+		if !hasBSS {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+		bssPath, ok := connectedBSSVariant.Value().(dbus.ObjectPath)
+		if !ok || bssPath == "/" {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+
+		bssInterfaces, hasBSSPath := objects[bssPath]
+		if !hasBSSPath {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+
+		bssProps, hasBSSInterface := bssInterfaces["net.connman.iwd.BasicServiceSet"]
+		if !hasBSSInterface {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+
+		addressVariant, hasAddress := bssProps["Address"]
+		if !hasAddress {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+		bssid, ok := addressVariant.Value().(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return adapter.WIFIState{SSID: ssid}
+		}
+
+		return adapter.WIFIState{
+			SSID:  ssid,
+			BSSID: strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(bssid, ":", "")),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return adapter.WIFIState{}
+}
+
+func (m *iwdMonitor) Start() error {
+	if m.callback == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.cancel = cancel
+
+	m.signalChan = make(chan *dbus.Signal, 10)
+	m.conn.Signal(m.signalChan)
+
+	err := m.conn.AddMatchSignal(
+		dbus.WithMatchInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"),
+		dbus.WithMatchSender("net.connman.iwd"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+	go m.monitorSignals(ctx, m.signalChan, state)
+	m.callback(state)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *iwdMonitor) monitorSignals(ctx context.Context, signalChan chan *dbus.Signal, lastState adapter.WIFIState) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case signal, ok := <-signalChan:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			if signal.Name == "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.PropertiesChanged" {
+				state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+				if state != lastState {
+					lastState = state
+					m.callback(state)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *iwdMonitor) Close() error {
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		m.cancel()
+	}
+	if m.signalChan != nil {
+		m.conn.RemoveSignal(m.signalChan)
+		close(m.signalChan)
+	}
+	if m.conn != nil {
+		m.conn.RemoveMatchSignal(
+			dbus.WithMatchInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"),
+			dbus.WithMatchSender("net.connman.iwd"),
+		)
+		return m.conn.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_linux_nm.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_linux_nm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+)
+
+type networkManagerMonitor struct {
+	conn       *dbus.Conn
+	callback   func(adapter.WIFIState)
+	cancel     context.CancelFunc
+	signalChan chan *dbus.Signal
+}
+
+func newNetworkManagerMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	nmObj := conn.Object("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	var state uint32
+	err = nmObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "State").Store(&state)
+	if err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &networkManagerMonitor{conn: conn, callback: callback}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *networkManagerMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	nmObj := m.conn.Object("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager")
+
+	var activeConnectionPaths []dbus.ObjectPath
+	err := nmObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "ActiveConnections").Store(&activeConnectionPaths)
+	if err != nil || len(activeConnectionPaths) == 0 {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+
+	for _, connectionPath := range activeConnectionPaths {
+		connObj := m.conn.Object("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", connectionPath)
+
+		var devicePaths []dbus.ObjectPath
+		err = connObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Connection.Active", "Devices").Store(&devicePaths)
+		if err != nil || len(devicePaths) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, devicePath := range devicePaths {
+			deviceObj := m.conn.Object("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", devicePath)
+
+			var deviceType uint32
+			err = deviceObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device", "DeviceType").Store(&deviceType)
+			if err != nil || deviceType != 2 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var accessPointPath dbus.ObjectPath
+			err = deviceObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless", "ActiveAccessPoint").Store(&accessPointPath)
+			if err != nil || accessPointPath == "/" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			apObj := m.conn.Object("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", accessPointPath)
+
+			var ssidBytes []byte
+			err = apObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.AccessPoint", "Ssid").Store(&ssidBytes)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var hwAddress string
+			err = apObj.CallWithContext(ctx, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get", 0, "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.AccessPoint", "HwAddress").Store(&hwAddress)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			ssid := strings.TrimSpace(string(ssidBytes))
+			if ssid == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			return adapter.WIFIState{
+				SSID:  ssid,
+				BSSID: strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(hwAddress, ":", "")),
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return adapter.WIFIState{}
+}
+
+func (m *networkManagerMonitor) Start() error {
+	if m.callback == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.cancel = cancel
+
+	m.signalChan = make(chan *dbus.Signal, 10)
+	m.conn.Signal(m.signalChan)
+
+	err := m.conn.AddMatchSignal(
+		dbus.WithMatchSender("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager"),
+		dbus.WithMatchInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+	go m.monitorSignals(ctx, m.signalChan, state)
+	m.callback(state)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *networkManagerMonitor) monitorSignals(ctx context.Context, signalChan chan *dbus.Signal, lastState adapter.WIFIState) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case signal, ok := <-signalChan:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			if signal.Name == "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.PropertiesChanged" {
+				state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+				if state != lastState {
+					lastState = state
+					m.callback(state)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *networkManagerMonitor) Close() error {
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		m.cancel()
+	}
+	if m.signalChan != nil {
+		m.conn.RemoveSignal(m.signalChan)
+		close(m.signalChan)
+	}
+	if m.conn != nil {
+		m.conn.RemoveMatchSignal(
+			dbus.WithMatchSender("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager"),
+			dbus.WithMatchInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"),
+		)
+		return m.conn.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_linux_wpa.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_linux_wpa.go
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+)
+
+var wpaSocketCounter atomic.Uint64
+
+type wpaSupplicantMonitor struct {
+	socketPath  string
+	callback    func(adapter.WIFIState)
+	cancel      context.CancelFunc
+	monitorConn *net.UnixConn
+	connMutex   sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func newWpaSupplicantMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	socketDirs := []string{"/var/run/wpa_supplicant", "/run/wpa_supplicant"}
+	for _, socketDir := range socketDirs {
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(socketDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if entry.IsDir() || entry.Name() == "." || entry.Name() == ".." {
+				continue
+			}
+			socketPath := filepath.Join(socketDir, entry.Name())
+			id := wpaSocketCounter.Add(1)
+			localAddr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: fmt.Sprintf("@sing-box-wpa-%d-%d", os.Getpid(), id), Net: "unixgram"}
+			remoteAddr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: socketPath, Net: "unixgram"}
+			conn, err := net.DialUnix("unixgram", localAddr, remoteAddr)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			conn.Close()
+			return &wpaSupplicantMonitor{socketPath: socketPath, callback: callback}, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+}
+
+func (m *wpaSupplicantMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	id := wpaSocketCounter.Add(1)
+	localAddr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: fmt.Sprintf("@sing-box-wpa-%d-%d", os.Getpid(), id), Net: "unixgram"}
+	remoteAddr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: m.socketPath, Net: "unixgram"}
+	conn, err := net.DialUnix("unixgram", localAddr, remoteAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+
+	status, err := m.sendCommand(conn, "STATUS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+
+	var ssid, bssid string
+	var connected bool
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(status))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "wpa_state=") {
+			state := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "wpa_state=")
+			connected = state == "COMPLETED"
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "ssid=") {
+			ssid = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "ssid=")
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "bssid=") {
+			bssid = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "bssid=")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !connected || ssid == "" {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+
+	return adapter.WIFIState{
+		SSID:  ssid,
+		BSSID: strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(bssid, ":", "")),
+	}
+}
+
+// sendCommand sends a command to wpa_supplicant and returns the response.
+// Commands are sent without trailing newlines per the wpa_supplicant control
+// interface protocol - the official wpa_ctrl.c sends raw command strings.
+func (m *wpaSupplicantMonitor) sendCommand(conn *net.UnixConn, command string) (string, error) {
+	_, err := conn.Write([]byte(command))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+	n, err := conn.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	response := string(buf[:n])
+	if strings.HasPrefix(response, "FAIL") {
+		return "", os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	return strings.TrimSpace(response), nil
+}
+
+func (m *wpaSupplicantMonitor) Start() error {
+	if m.callback == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.cancel = cancel
+
+	state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+	go m.monitorEvents(ctx, state)
+	m.callback(state)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *wpaSupplicantMonitor) monitorEvents(ctx context.Context, lastState adapter.WIFIState) {
+	var consecutiveErrors int
+	var debounceTimer *time.Timer
+	var debounceMutex sync.Mutex
+
+	localAddr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: fmt.Sprintf("@sing-box-wpa-mon-%d", os.Getpid()), Net: "unixgram"}
+	remoteAddr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: m.socketPath, Net: "unixgram"}
+	conn, err := net.DialUnix("unixgram", localAddr, remoteAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	m.connMutex.Lock()
+	m.monitorConn = conn
+	m.connMutex.Unlock()
+
+	// ATTACH/DETACH commands use os_strcmp() for exact matching in wpa_supplicant,
+	// so they must be sent without trailing newlines.
+	// See: https://w1.fi/cgit/hostap/tree/wpa_supplicant/ctrl_iface_unix.c
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("ATTACH"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+	n, err := conn.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil || !strings.HasPrefix(string(buf[:n]), "OK") {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			debounceMutex.Lock()
+			if debounceTimer != nil {
+				debounceTimer.Stop()
+			}
+			debounceMutex.Unlock()
+			conn.Write([]byte("DETACH"))
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(30 * time.Second))
+		n, err := conn.Read(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			if netErr, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && netErr.Timeout() {
+				continue
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			default:
+			}
+			consecutiveErrors++
+			if consecutiveErrors > 10 {
+				return
+			}
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+			continue
+		}
+		consecutiveErrors = 0
+
+		msg := string(buf[:n])
+		if strings.Contains(msg, "CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED") || strings.Contains(msg, "CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED") {
+			debounceMutex.Lock()
+			if debounceTimer != nil {
+				debounceTimer.Stop()
+			}
+			debounceTimer = time.AfterFunc(500*time.Millisecond, func() {
+				state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+				if state != lastState {
+					lastState = state
+					m.callback(state)
+				}
+			})
+			debounceMutex.Unlock()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *wpaSupplicantMonitor) Close() error {
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		m.cancel()
+	}
+	m.connMutex.Lock()
+	if m.monitorConn != nil {
+		m.monitorConn.Close()
+	}
+	m.connMutex.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_stub.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build !linux && !windows
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+)
+
+type stubWIFIMonitor struct{}
+
+func NewWIFIMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}
+
+func (m *stubWIFIMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	return adapter.WIFIState{}
+}
+
+func (m *stubWIFIMonitor) Start() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *stubWIFIMonitor) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/settings/wifi_windows.go
+++ b/common/settings/wifi_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/winwlanapi"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+type windowsWIFIMonitor struct {
+	handle    windows.Handle
+	callback  func(adapter.WIFIState)
+	cancel    context.CancelFunc
+	lastState adapter.WIFIState
+	mutex     sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func NewWIFIMonitor(callback func(adapter.WIFIState)) (WIFIMonitor, error) {
+	handle, err := winwlanapi.OpenHandle()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	interfaces, err := winwlanapi.EnumInterfaces(handle)
+	if err != nil {
+		winwlanapi.CloseHandle(handle)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(interfaces) == 0 {
+		winwlanapi.CloseHandle(handle)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no wireless interfaces found")
+	}
+
+	return &windowsWIFIMonitor{
+		handle:   handle,
+		callback: callback,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *windowsWIFIMonitor) ReadWIFIState() adapter.WIFIState {
+	interfaces, err := winwlanapi.EnumInterfaces(m.handle)
+	if err != nil || len(interfaces) == 0 {
+		return adapter.WIFIState{}
+	}
+
+	for _, iface := range interfaces {
+		if iface.InterfaceState != winwlanapi.InterfaceStateConnected {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		guid := iface.InterfaceGUID
+		attrs, err := winwlanapi.QueryCurrentConnection(m.handle, &guid)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ssidLength := attrs.AssociationAttributes.SSID.Length
+		if ssidLength == 0 || ssidLength > winwlanapi.Dot11SSIDMaxLength {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ssid := string(attrs.AssociationAttributes.SSID.SSID[:ssidLength])
+		bssid := formatBSSID(attrs.AssociationAttributes.BSSID)
+
+		return adapter.WIFIState{
+			SSID:  strings.TrimSpace(ssid),
+			BSSID: bssid,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return adapter.WIFIState{}
+}
+
+func formatBSSID(mac winwlanapi.Dot11MacAddress) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
+		mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5])
+}
+
+func (m *windowsWIFIMonitor) Start() error {
+	if m.callback == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.cancel = cancel
+
+	m.lastState = m.ReadWIFIState()
+
+	callbackFunc := func(data *winwlanapi.NotificationData, callbackContext uintptr) uintptr {
+		if data.NotificationSource != winwlanapi.NotificationSourceACM {
+			return 0
+		}
+		switch data.NotificationCode {
+		case winwlanapi.NotificationACMConnectionComplete,
+			winwlanapi.NotificationACMDisconnected:
+			m.checkAndNotify()
+		}
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	callbackPointer := syscall.NewCallback(callbackFunc)
+
+	err := winwlanapi.RegisterNotification(m.handle, winwlanapi.NotificationSourceACM, callbackPointer, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+	}()
+
+	m.callback(m.lastState)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *windowsWIFIMonitor) checkAndNotify() {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	state := m.ReadWIFIState()
+	if state != m.lastState {
+		m.lastState = state
+		if m.callback != nil {
+			m.callback(state)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *windowsWIFIMonitor) Close() error {
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		m.cancel()
+	}
+	winwlanapi.UnregisterNotification(m.handle)
+	return winwlanapi.CloseHandle(m.handle)
+}
--- a/common/srs/binary.go
+++ b/common/srs/binary.go
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
+	"unsafe"

 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/domain"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"

 	"go4.org/netipx"
@@ -41,6 +44,8 @@ const (
 	ruleItemNetworkType
 	ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive
 	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
+	ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress
+	ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )

@@ -230,6 +235,51 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 			rule.NetworkIsExpensive = true
 		case ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained:
 			rule.NetworkIsConstrained = true
+		case ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress:
+			rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress = new(badjson.TypedMap[option.InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]])
+			var size uint64
+			size, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for i := uint64(0); i < size; i++ {
+				var key uint8
+				err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &key)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+				var prefixCount uint64
+				prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+					var prefix netip.Prefix
+					prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+					if err != nil {
+						return
+					}
+					value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+				}
+				rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Put(option.InterfaceType(key), value)
+			}
+		case ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress:
+			var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+			var prefixCount uint64
+			prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+				var prefix netip.Prefix
+				prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+			}
+			rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress = value
 		case ruleItemFinal:
 			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &rule.Invert)
 			return
@@ -346,7 +396,7 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 	}
 	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
 		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
-			return E.New("network_type rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+			return E.New("`network_type` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
 		}
 		err = writeRuleItemUint8(writer, ruleItemNetworkType, rule.NetworkType)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -354,17 +404,71 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsExpensive {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_expensive` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsConstrained {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_constrained` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`network_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size()))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, entry := range rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Entries() {
+			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(entry.Key.Build()))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(entry.Value)))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for _, rawPrefix := range entry.Value {
+				err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`default_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, rawPrefix := range rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress {
+			err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if len(rule.WIFISSID) > 0 {
 		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemWIFISSID, rule.WIFISSID)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -402,7 +506,24 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 }

 func readRuleItemString(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]string, length)
+	for i := range result {
+		strLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, strLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		result[i] = string(buf)
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }

 func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
@@ -410,11 +531,34 @@ func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range value {
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(s)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte(s))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 func readRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]E, length)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&result)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }

 func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []E) error {
@@ -422,11 +566,25 @@ func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(*(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value)))
+	return err
 }

 func readRuleItemUint16(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]uint16, length)
+	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }

 func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) error {
@@ -434,7 +592,11 @@ func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
 }

 func writeRuleItemCIDR(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
--- a/common/srs/compat_test.go
+++ b/common/srs/compat_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+// Old implementations using varbin reflection-based serialization
+
+func oldWriteStringSlice(writer varbin.Writer, value []string) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadStringSlice(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWriteUint8Slice[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, value []E) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadUint8Slice[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWriteUint16Slice(writer varbin.Writer, value []uint16) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadUint16Slice(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWritePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+}
+
+type oldIPRangeData struct {
+	From []byte
+	To   []byte
+}
+
+// Note: The old writeIPSet had a bug where varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
+// with a struct VALUE (not pointer) silently wrote nothing because field.CanSet() returned false.
+// This caused IP range data to be missing from the output.
+// The new implementation correctly writes all range data.
+//
+// The old readIPSet used varbin.Read with a pre-allocated slice, which worked because
+// slice elements are addressable and CanSet() returns true for them.
+//
+// For compatibility testing, we verify:
+// 1. New write produces correct output with range data
+// 2. New read can parse the new format correctly
+// 3. Round-trip works correctly
+
+func oldReadIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if version != 1 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var length uint64
+	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &length)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ranges := make([]oldIPRangeData, length)
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mySet := &myIPSet{
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
+	}
+	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
+	}
+	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
+}
+
+// New write functions (without itemType prefix for testing)
+
+func newWriteStringSlice(writer varbin.Writer, value []string) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range value {
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(s)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte(s))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newWriteUint8Slice[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, value []E) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(*(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value)))
+	return err
+}
+
+func newWriteUint16Slice(writer varbin.Writer, value []uint16) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func newWritePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	addrSlice := prefix.Addr().AsSlice()
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(addrSlice)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writer.WriteByte(uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+}
+
+// Tests
+
+func TestStringSliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []string
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []string{}},
+		{"single_empty", []string{""}},
+		{"single", []string{"test"}},
+		{"multi", []string{"a", "b", "c"}},
+		{"with_empty", []string{"a", "", "c"}},
+		{"utf8", []string{"测试", "テスト", "тест"}},
+		{"long_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+		{"many_elements", generateStrings(128)},
+		{"many_elements_256", generateStrings(256)},
+		{"127_byte_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 127)}},
+		{"128_byte_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+		{"mixed_lengths", []string{"a", strings.Repeat("b", 100), "", strings.Repeat("c", 200)}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteStringSlice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteStringSlice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadStringSlice(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireStringSliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireStringSliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint8SliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []uint8
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []uint8{}},
+		{"single_zero", []uint8{0}},
+		{"single_max", []uint8{255}},
+		{"multi", []uint8{0, 1, 127, 128, 255}},
+		{"boundary", []uint8{0x00, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xff}},
+		{"sequential", generateUint8Slice(256)},
+		{"127_elements", generateUint8Slice(127)},
+		{"128_elements", generateUint8Slice(128)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteUint8Slice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteUint8Slice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadUint8Slice[uint8](bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint8SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemUint8[uint8](bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint8SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint16SliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []uint16
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []uint16{}},
+		{"single_zero", []uint16{0}},
+		{"single_max", []uint16{65535}},
+		{"multi", []uint16{0, 255, 256, 32767, 32768, 65535}},
+		{"ports", []uint16{80, 443, 8080, 8443}},
+		{"127_elements", generateUint16Slice(127)},
+		{"128_elements", generateUint16Slice(128)},
+		{"256_elements", generateUint16Slice(256)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteUint16Slice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteUint16Slice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadUint16Slice(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint16SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemUint16(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint16SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrefixCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{"ipv4_0", netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		{"ipv4_8", netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		{"ipv4_16", netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"ipv4_24", netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+		{"ipv4_32", netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32")},
+		{"ipv6_0", netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")},
+		{"ipv6_64", netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/64")},
+		{"ipv6_128", netip.MustParsePrefix("::1/128")},
+		{"ipv6_full", netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/128")},
+		{"ipv4_private", netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12")},
+		{"ipv6_link_local", netip.MustParsePrefix("fe80::/10")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWritePrefix(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWritePrefix(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> new read (no old read for prefix)
+			readBack, err := readPrefix(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readPrefix(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIPSetCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Note: The old writeIPSet was buggy (varbin.Write with struct values wrote nothing).
+	// This test verifies the new implementation writes correct data and round-trips correctly.
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input *netipx.IPSet
+	}{
+		{"single_ipv4", buildIPSet("1.2.3.4")},
+		{"ipv4_range", buildIPSet("192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"multi_ipv4", buildIPSet("10.0.0.0/8", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"single_ipv6", buildIPSet("::1")},
+		{"ipv6_range", buildIPSet("2001:db8::/32")},
+		{"mixed", buildIPSet("10.0.0.0/8", "::1", "2001:db8::/32")},
+		{"large", buildLargeIPSet(100)},
+		{"adjacent_ranges", buildIPSet("192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.1.0/24", "192.168.2.0/24")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := writeIPSet(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify format starts with version byte (1) + uint64 count
+			require.True(t, len(newBuf.Bytes()) >= 9, "output too short")
+			require.Equal(t, byte(1), newBuf.Bytes()[0], "version byte mismatch")
+
+			// New write -> old read (varbin.Read with pre-allocated slice works correctly)
+			readBack, err := oldReadIPSet(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireIPSetEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// New write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readIPSet(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireIPSetEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper functions
+
+func generateStrings(count int) []string {
+	result := make([]string, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = strings.Repeat("x", i%50)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateUint8Slice(count int) []uint8 {
+	result := make([]uint8, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = uint8(i % 256)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateUint16Slice(count int) []uint16 {
+	result := make([]uint16, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = uint16(i * 257)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func buildIPSet(cidrs ...string) *netipx.IPSet {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(cidr)
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			builder.Add(addr)
+		} else {
+			builder.AddPrefix(prefix)
+		}
+	}
+	set, _ := builder.IPSet()
+	return set
+}
+
+func buildLargeIPSet(count int) *netipx.IPSet {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, byte(i / 256), byte(i % 256), 0}), 24)
+		builder.AddPrefix(prefix)
+	}
+	set, _ := builder.IPSet()
+	return set
+}
+
+func requireStringSliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireUint8SliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []uint8) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireUint16SliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []uint16) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireIPSetEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual *netipx.IPSet) {
+	t.Helper()
+	expectedRanges := expected.Ranges()
+	actualRanges := actual.Ranges()
+	require.Equal(t, len(expectedRanges), len(actualRanges), "range count mismatch")
+	for i := range expectedRanges {
+		require.Equal(t, expectedRanges[i].From(), actualRanges[i].From(), "range[%d].from mismatch", i)
+		require.Equal(t, expectedRanges[i].To(), actualRanges[i].To(), "range[%d].to mismatch", i)
+	}
+}
--- a/common/srs/ip_cidr.go
+++ b/common/srs/ip_cidr.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+)
+
+func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	addrLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	addrSlice := make([]byte, addrLen)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	prefixBits, err := reader.ReadByte()
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(M.AddrFromIP(addrSlice), int(prefixBits)), nil
+}
+
+func writePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	addrSlice := prefix.Addr().AsSlice()
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(addrSlice)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = writer.WriteByte(uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/srs/ip_set.go
+++ b/common/srs/ip_set.go
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package srs

 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"unsafe"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"

@@ -22,11 +22,6 @@ type myIPRange struct {
 	to   netip.Addr
 }

-type myIPRangeData struct {
-	From []byte
-	To   []byte
-}
-
 func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
 	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -41,17 +36,30 @@ func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ranges := make([]myIPRangeData, length)
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	mySet := &myIPSet{
-		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, length),
 	}
-	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
-		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
-		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
+	for i := range mySet.rr {
+		fromLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		fromBytes := make([]byte, fromLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, fromBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toBytes := make([]byte, toLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, toBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(fromBytes)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(toBytes)
 	}
 	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
 }
@@ -61,18 +69,27 @@ func writeIPSet(writer varbin.Writer, set *netipx.IPSet) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	dataList := common.Map((*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set)).rr, func(rr myIPRange) myIPRangeData {
-		return myIPRangeData{
-			From: rr.from.AsSlice(),
-			To:   rr.to.AsSlice(),
-		}
-	})
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(dataList)))
+	mySet := (*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set))
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(mySet.rr)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for _, data := range dataList {
-		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
+	for _, rr := range mySet.rr {
+		fromBytes := rr.from.AsSlice()
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(fromBytes)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(fromBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		toBytes := rr.to.AsSlice()
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(toBytes)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(toBytes)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/common/tls/acme.go
+++ b/common/tls/acme.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"

 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/libdns/acmedns"
 	"github.com/libdns/alidns"
 	"github.com/libdns/cloudflare"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
@@ -114,13 +115,24 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		switch dnsOptions.Provider {
 		case C.DNSProviderAliDNS:
 			solver.DNSProvider = &alidns.Provider{
-				AccKeyID:     dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.AccessKeyID,
-				AccKeySecret: dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.AccessKeySecret,
-				RegionID:     dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.RegionID,
+				CredentialInfo: alidns.CredentialInfo{
+					AccessKeyID:     dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.AccessKeyID,
+					AccessKeySecret: dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.AccessKeySecret,
+					RegionID:        dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.RegionID,
+					SecurityToken:   dnsOptions.AliDNSOptions.SecurityToken,
+				},
 			}
 		case C.DNSProviderCloudflare:
 			solver.DNSProvider = &cloudflare.Provider{
-				APIToken: dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.APIToken,
+				APIToken:  dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.APIToken,
+				ZoneToken: dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.ZoneToken,
+			}
+		case C.DNSProviderACMEDNS:
+			solver.DNSProvider = &acmedns.Provider{
+				Username:  dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Username,
+				Password:  dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Password,
+				Subdomain: dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Subdomain,
+				ServerURL: dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.ServerURL,
 			}
 		default:
 			return nil, nil, E.New("unsupported ACME DNS01 provider type: " + dnsOptions.Provider)
--- a/common/tls/client.go
+++ b/common/tls/client.go
@@ -2,39 +2,71 @@ package tls

 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"os"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )

-func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
+func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return dialer, nil
 	}
-	config, err := NewClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	config, err := NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
+		Context:       ctx,
+		Logger:        logger,
+		ServerAddress: serverAddress,
+		Options:       options,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return NewDialer(dialer, config), nil
 }

-func NewClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	if !options.Enabled {
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
+		Context:       ctx,
+		Logger:        logger,
+		ServerAddress: serverAddress,
+		Options:       options,
+	})
+}
+
+type ClientOptions struct {
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         logger.ContextLogger
+	ServerAddress  string
+	Options        option.OutboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
+}
+
+func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
+	if !options.Options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
-	} else if options.UTLS != nil && options.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return NewUTLSClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	if !options.KTLSCompatible {
+		if options.Options.KernelTx {
+			options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS TX in current scenarios will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_tx")
+		}
 	}
-	return NewSTDClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	if options.Options.KernelRx {
+		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
+	}
+	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
+		return NewRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	} else if options.Options.UTLS != nil && options.Options.UTLS.Enabled {
+		return NewUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	}
+	return NewSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
 }

 func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, error) {
@@ -79,10 +111,10 @@ func (d *defaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 }

 func (d *defaultDialer) DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
-	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination)
+	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, true)
 }

-func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
+func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, echRetry bool) (Conn, error) {
 	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -90,6 +122,13 @@ func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
 	if err != nil {
 		conn.Close()
+		var echErr *tls.ECHRejectionError
+		if echRetry && errors.As(err, &echErr) && len(echErr.RetryConfigList) > 0 {
+			if echConfig, isECH := d.config.(ECHCapableConfig); isECH {
+				echConfig.SetECHConfigList(echErr.RetryConfigList)
+				return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, false)
+			}
+		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return tlsConn, nil
--- a/common/tls/ech.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func parseECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context, clientConfig ECHCapableConfig, op
 	}
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || options.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionLegacyECHOptions)
+		return nil, E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
 	}
 	if len(echConfig) > 0 {
 		block, rest := pem.Decode(echConfig)
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@ func parseECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context, clientConfig ECHCapableConfig, op
 		return &ECHClientConfig{
 			ECHCapableConfig: clientConfig,
 			dnsRouter:        service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx),
+			queryServerName:  options.ECH.QueryServerName,
 		}, nil
 	}
 }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions,
 	tlsConfig.EncryptedClientHelloKeys = echKeys
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || options.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionLegacyECHOptions)
+		return E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -108,10 +108,11 @@ func parseECHKeys(echKey []byte) ([]tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey, error) {

 type ECHClientConfig struct {
 	ECHCapableConfig
-	access     sync.Mutex
-	dnsRouter  adapter.DNSRouter
-	lastTTL    time.Duration
-	lastUpdate time.Time
+	access          sync.Mutex
+	dnsRouter       adapter.DNSRouter
+	queryServerName string
+	lastTTL         time.Duration
+	lastUpdate      time.Time
 }

 func (s *ECHClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
@@ -130,13 +131,17 @@ func (s *ECHClientConfig) fetchAndHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn)
 	s.access.Lock()
 	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	if len(s.ECHConfigList()) == 0 || s.lastTTL == 0 || time.Since(s.lastUpdate) > s.lastTTL {
+		queryServerName := s.queryServerName
+		if queryServerName == "" {
+			queryServerName = s.ServerName()
+		}
 		message := &mDNS.Msg{
 			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
 				RecursionDesired: true,
 			},
 			Question: []mDNS.Question{
 				{
-					Name:   mDNS.Fqdn(s.ServerName()),
+					Name:   mDNS.Fqdn(queryServerName),
 					Qtype:  mDNS.TypeHTTPS,
 					Qclass: mDNS.ClassINET,
 				},
@@ -175,7 +180,12 @@ func (s *ECHClientConfig) fetchAndHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn)
 }

 func (s *ECHClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &ECHClientConfig{ECHCapableConfig: s.ECHCapableConfig.Clone().(ECHCapableConfig), dnsRouter: s.dnsRouter, lastUpdate: s.lastUpdate}
+	return &ECHClientConfig{
+		ECHCapableConfig: s.ECHCapableConfig.Clone().(ECHCapableConfig),
+		dnsRouter:        s.dnsRouter,
+		queryServerName:  s.queryServerName,
+		lastUpdate:       s.lastUpdate,
+	}
 }

 func UnmarshalECHKeys(raw []byte) ([]tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey, error) {
--- a/common/tls/ech_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_stub.go
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.24
-
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-func parseECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context, clientConfig ECHCapableConfig, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("ECH requires go1.24, please recompile your binary.")
-}
-
-func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions, tlsConfig *tls.Config, echKeyPath *string) error {
-	return E.New("ECH requires go1.24, please recompile your binary.")
-}
-
-func (c *STDServerConfig) setECHServerConfig(echKey []byte) error {
-	panic("unreachable")
-}
--- a/common/tls/ktls.go
+++ b/common/tls/ktls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package tls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/ktls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+type KTLSClientConfig struct {
+	Config
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	kernelTx, kernelRx bool
+}
+
+func (w *KTLSClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, w.Config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kConn, err := ktls.NewConn(ctx, w.logger, tlsConn, w.kernelTx, w.kernelRx)
+	if err != nil {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize kernel TLS")
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (w *KTLSClientConfig) Clone() Config {
+	return &KTLSClientConfig{
+		w.Config.Clone(),
+		w.logger,
+		w.kernelTx,
+		w.kernelRx,
+	}
+}
+
+type KTlSServerConfig struct {
+	ServerConfig
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	kernelTx, kernelRx bool
+}
+
+func (w *KTlSServerConfig) ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ServerHandshake(ctx, conn, w.ServerConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kConn, err := ktls.NewConn(ctx, w.logger, tlsConn, w.kernelTx, w.kernelRx)
+	if err != nil {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize kernel TLS")
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (w *KTlSServerConfig) Clone() Config {
+	return &KTlSServerConfig{
+		w.ServerConfig.Clone().(ServerConfig),
+		w.logger,
+		w.kernelTx,
+		w.kernelRx,
+	}
+}
--- a/common/tls/reality_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_client.go
@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/debug"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"

@@ -49,12 +51,12 @@ type RealityClientConfig struct {
 	shortID   [8]byte
 }

-func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (*RealityClientConfig, error) {
+func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	if options.UTLS == nil || !options.UTLS.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("uTLS is required by reality client")
 	}

-	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -74,7 +76,20 @@ func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.
 	if decodedLen > 8 {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid short_id")
 	}
-	return &RealityClientConfig{ctx, uClient.(*UTLSClientConfig), publicKey, shortID}, nil
+
+	var config Config = &RealityClientConfig{ctx, uClient.(*UTLSClientConfig), publicKey, shortID}
+	if options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

 func (e *RealityClientConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -93,7 +108,7 @@ func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	e.uClient.SetNextProtos(nextProto)
 }

-func (e *RealityClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (e *RealityClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }

--- a/common/tls/reality_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_server.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ type RealityServerConfig struct {
 	config *utls.RealityConfig
 }

-func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (*RealityServerConfig, error) {
+func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	var tlsConfig utls.RealityConfig

 	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
@@ -67,7 +68,10 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inb
 			return nil, E.New("unknown cipher_suite: ", cipherSuite)
 		}
 	}
-	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
+	if len(options.CurvePreferences) > 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("curve preferences is unavailable in reality")
+	}
+	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" || len(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("certificate is unavailable in reality")
 	}
 	if len(options.Key) > 0 || options.KeyPath != "" {
@@ -119,7 +123,22 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inb
 		return handshakeDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
 	}

-	return &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}, nil
+	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
+		return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
+	}
+	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}
+	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTlSServerConfig{
+			ServerConfig: config,
+			logger:       logger,
+			kernelTx:     options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx:     options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

 func (c *RealityServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -138,7 +157,7 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *RealityServerConfig) Config() (*tls.Config, error) {
+func (c *RealityServerConfig) STDConfig() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }

--- a/common/tls/server.go
+++ b/common/tls/server.go
@@ -12,14 +12,37 @@ import (
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )

-func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
-	if !options.Enabled {
+type ServerOptions struct {
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         log.ContextLogger
+	Options        option.InboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
+}
+
+func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+	return NewServerWithOptions(ServerOptions{
+		Context: ctx,
+		Logger:  logger,
+		Options: options,
+	})
+}
+
+func NewServerWithOptions(options ServerOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+	if !options.Options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityServer(ctx, logger, options)
+	if !options.KTLSCompatible {
+		if options.Options.KernelTx {
+			options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS TX in current scenarios will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_tx")
+		}
 	}
-	return NewSTDServer(ctx, logger, options)
+	if options.Options.KernelRx {
+		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
+	}
+	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
+		return NewRealityServer(options.Context, options.Logger, options.Options)
+	}
+	return NewSTDServer(options.Context, options.Logger, options.Options)
 }

 func ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config ServerConfig) (Conn, error) {
--- a/common/tls/std_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_client.go
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package tls

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
@@ -11,8 +14,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tlsfragment"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 )

@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *STDClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *STDClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }

@@ -52,7 +57,13 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) Client(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &STDClientConfig{c.ctx, c.config.Clone(), c.fragment, c.fragmentFallbackDelay, c.recordFragment}
+	return &STDClientConfig{
+		ctx:                   c.ctx,
+		config:                c.config.Clone(),
+		fragment:              c.fragment,
+		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
+		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
+	}
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -63,7 +74,7 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetECHConfigList(EncryptedClientHelloConfigList []byte
 	c.config.EncryptedClientHelloConfigList = EncryptedClientHelloConfigList
 }

-func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
@@ -100,6 +111,15 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
+		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
+			return nil, E.New("certificate_public_key_sha256 is conflict with certificate or certificate_path")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
+		tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
+			return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
+		}
+	}
 	if len(options.ALPN) > 0 {
 		tlsConfig.NextProtos = options.ALPN
 	}
@@ -129,6 +149,9 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 			return nil, E.New("unknown cipher_suite: ", cipherSuite)
 		}
 	}
+	for _, curve := range options.CurvePreferences {
+		tlsConfig.CurvePreferences = append(tlsConfig.CurvePreferences, tls.CurveID(curve))
+	}
 	var certificate []byte
 	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
 		certificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"))
@@ -146,10 +169,72 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 		}
 		tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool
 	}
-	stdConfig := &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
-	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
-		return parseECHClientConfig(ctx, stdConfig, options)
-	} else {
-		return stdConfig, nil
+	var clientCertificate []byte
+	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 {
+		clientCertificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientCertificate, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientCertificatePath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientCertificatePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client certificate")
+		}
+		clientCertificate = content
 	}
+	var clientKey []byte
+	if len(options.ClientKey) > 0 {
+		clientKey = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientKey, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientKeyPath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientKeyPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client key")
+		}
+		clientKey = content
+	}
+	if len(clientCertificate) > 0 && len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		keyPair, err := tls.X509KeyPair(clientCertificate, clientKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse client x509 key pair")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{keyPair}
+	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
+	}
+	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
+		var err error
+		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
+}
+
+func verifyPublicKeySHA256(knownHashValues [][]byte, rawCerts [][]byte, timeFunc func() time.Time) error {
+	leafCertificate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(rawCerts[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "failed to parse leaf certificate")
+	}
+
+	pubKeyBytes, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(leafCertificate.PublicKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "failed to marshal public key")
+	}
+	hashValue := sha256.Sum256(pubKeyBytes)
+	for _, value := range knownHashValues {
+		if bytes.Equal(value, hashValue[:]) {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return E.New("unrecognized remote public key: ", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(hashValue[:]))
 }
--- a/common/tls/std_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_server.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package tls
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
@@ -21,16 +23,17 @@ import (
 var errInsecureUnused = E.New("tls: insecure unused")

 type STDServerConfig struct {
-	access          sync.RWMutex
-	config          *tls.Config
-	logger          log.Logger
-	acmeService     adapter.SimpleLifecycle
-	certificate     []byte
-	key             []byte
-	certificatePath string
-	keyPath         string
-	echKeyPath      string
-	watcher         *fswatch.Watcher
+	access                sync.RWMutex
+	config                *tls.Config
+	logger                log.Logger
+	acmeService           adapter.SimpleLifecycle
+	certificate           []byte
+	key                   []byte
+	certificatePath       string
+	keyPath               string
+	clientCertificatePath []string
+	echKeyPath            string
+	watcher               *fswatch.Watcher
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config = config
 }

-func (c *STDServerConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *STDServerConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }

@@ -110,6 +113,9 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
 	if c.echKeyPath != "" {
 		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.echKeyPath)
 	}
+	if len(c.clientCertificatePath) > 0 {
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.clientCertificatePath...)
+	}
 	if len(watchPath) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -158,6 +164,30 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) certificateUpdated(path string) error {
 		c.config = config
 		c.access.Unlock()
 		c.logger.Info("reloaded TLS certificate")
+	} else if common.Contains(c.clientCertificatePath, path) {
+		clientCertificateCA := x509.NewCertPool()
+		var reloaded bool
+		for _, certPath := range c.clientCertificatePath {
+			content, err := os.ReadFile(certPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reload certificate from ", c.clientCertificatePath))
+				continue
+			}
+			if !clientCertificateCA.AppendCertsFromPEM(content) {
+				c.logger.Error(E.New("invalid client certificate file: ", certPath))
+				continue
+			}
+			reloaded = true
+		}
+		if !reloaded {
+			return E.New("client certificates is empty")
+		}
+		c.access.Lock()
+		config := c.config.Clone()
+		config.ClientCAs = clientCertificateCA
+		c.config = config
+		c.access.Unlock()
+		c.logger.Info("reloaded client certificates")
 	} else if path == c.echKeyPath {
 		echKey, err := os.ReadFile(c.echKeyPath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -182,7 +212,7 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }

-func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -234,8 +264,14 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 			return nil, E.New("unknown cipher_suite: ", cipherSuite)
 		}
 	}
-	var certificate []byte
-	var key []byte
+	for _, curveID := range options.CurvePreferences {
+		tlsConfig.CurvePreferences = append(tlsConfig.CurvePreferences, tls.CurveID(curveID))
+	}
+	tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.ClientAuthType(options.ClientAuthentication)
+	var (
+		certificate []byte
+		key         []byte
+	)
 	if acmeService == nil {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
 			certificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"))
@@ -277,6 +313,43 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 			tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{keyPair}
 		}
 	}
+	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 || len(options.ClientCertificatePath) > 0 {
+		if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.NoClientCert {
+			tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert
+		}
+	}
+	if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.VerifyClientCertIfGiven || tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert {
+		if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 {
+			clientCertificateCA := x509.NewCertPool()
+			if !clientCertificateCA.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(strings.Join(options.ClientCertificate, "\n"))) {
+				return nil, E.New("invalid client certificate strings")
+			}
+			tlsConfig.ClientCAs = clientCertificateCA
+		} else if len(options.ClientCertificatePath) > 0 {
+			clientCertificateCA := x509.NewCertPool()
+			for _, path := range options.ClientCertificatePath {
+				content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client certificate from ", path)
+				}
+				if !clientCertificateCA.AppendCertsFromPEM(content) {
+					return nil, E.New("invalid client certificate file: ", path)
+				}
+			}
+			tlsConfig.ClientCAs = clientCertificateCA
+		} else if len(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
+			if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert {
+				tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequireAnyClientCert
+			} else if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.VerifyClientCertIfGiven {
+				tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequestClientCert
+			}
+			tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
+				return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
+			}
+		} else {
+			return nil, E.New("missing client_certificate, client_certificate_path or client_certificate_public_key_sha256 for client authentication")
+		}
+	}
 	var echKeyPath string
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		err = parseECHServerConfig(ctx, options, tlsConfig, &echKeyPath)
@@ -285,19 +358,32 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		}
 	}
 	serverConfig := &STDServerConfig{
-		config:          tlsConfig,
-		logger:          logger,
-		acmeService:     acmeService,
-		certificate:     certificate,
-		key:             key,
-		certificatePath: options.CertificatePath,
-		keyPath:         options.KeyPath,
-		echKeyPath:      echKeyPath,
+		config:                tlsConfig,
+		logger:                logger,
+		acmeService:           acmeService,
+		certificate:           certificate,
+		key:                   key,
+		certificatePath:       options.CertificatePath,
+		clientCertificatePath: options.ClientCertificatePath,
+		keyPath:               options.KeyPath,
+		echKeyPath:            echKeyPath,
 	}
 	serverConfig.config.GetConfigForClient = func(info *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
 		serverConfig.access.Lock()
 		defer serverConfig.access.Unlock()
 		return serverConfig.config, nil
 	}
-	return serverConfig, nil
+	var config ServerConfig = serverConfig
+	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTlSServerConfig{
+			ServerConfig: config,
+			logger:       logger,
+			kernelTx:     options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx:     options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }
--- a/common/tls/utls_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_client.go
@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tlsfragment"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"

 	utls "github.com/metacubex/utls"
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *UTLSClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *UTLSClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for uTLS")
 }

@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ func (c *utlsALPNWrapper) HandshakeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return c.UConn.HandshakeContext(ctx)
 }

-func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
@@ -164,6 +167,15 @@ func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Out
 		}
 		tlsConfig.InsecureServerNameToVerify = serverName
 	}
+	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
+		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
+			return nil, E.New("certificate_public_key_sha256 is conflict with certificate or certificate_path")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
+		tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
+			return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
+		}
+	}
 	if len(options.ALPN) > 0 {
 		tlsConfig.NextProtos = options.ALPN
 	}
@@ -210,19 +222,61 @@ func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Out
 		}
 		tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool
 	}
+	var clientCertificate []byte
+	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 {
+		clientCertificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientCertificate, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientCertificatePath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientCertificatePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client certificate")
+		}
+		clientCertificate = content
+	}
+	var clientKey []byte
+	if len(options.ClientKey) > 0 {
+		clientKey = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientKey, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientKeyPath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientKeyPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client key")
+		}
+		clientKey = content
+	}
+	if len(clientCertificate) > 0 && len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		keyPair, err := utls.X509KeyPair(clientCertificate, clientKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse client x509 key pair")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.Certificates = []utls.Certificate{keyPair}
+	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
+	}
 	id, err := uTLSClientHelloID(options.UTLS.Fingerprint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	uConfig := &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
 		}
-		return parseECHClientConfig(ctx, uConfig, options)
-	} else {
-		return uConfig, nil
+		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
+	if (options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx) && !common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Reality).Enabled {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

 var (
--- a/common/tls/utls_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_stub.go
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 )

-func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }

-func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS, which is required by reality is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }

--- a/common/urltest/urltest.go
+++ b/common/urltest/urltest.go
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/observable"
 )

 var _ adapter.URLTestHistoryStorage = (*HistoryStorage)(nil)
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ var _ adapter.URLTestHistoryStorage = (*HistoryStorage)(nil)
 type HistoryStorage struct {
 	access       sync.RWMutex
 	delayHistory map[string]*adapter.URLTestHistory
-	updateHook   chan<- struct{}
+	updateHook   *observable.Subscriber[struct{}]
 }

 func NewHistoryStorage() *HistoryStorage {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func NewHistoryStorage() *HistoryStorage {
 	}
 }

-func (s *HistoryStorage) SetHook(hook chan<- struct{}) {
+func (s *HistoryStorage) SetHook(hook *observable.Subscriber[struct{}]) {
 	s.updateHook = hook
 }

@@ -61,10 +61,7 @@ func (s *HistoryStorage) StoreURLTestHistory(tag string, history *adapter.URLTes
 func (s *HistoryStorage) notifyUpdated() {
 	updateHook := s.updateHook
 	if updateHook != nil {
-		select {
-		case updateHook <- struct{}{}:
-		default:
-		}
+		updateHook.Emit(struct{}{})
 	}
 }

@@ -100,7 +97,7 @@ func URLTest(ctx context.Context, link string, detour N.Dialer) (t uint16, err e
 		return
 	}
 	defer instance.Close()
-	if earlyConn, isEarlyConn := common.Cast[N.EarlyConn](instance); isEarlyConn && earlyConn.NeedHandshake() {
+	if N.NeedHandshakeForWrite(instance) {
 		start = time.Now()
 	}
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, link, nil)