Resolve conflicts

2026-05-14 00:51:12 +03:00 · 2025-09-14 23:44:29 +03:00
parent 9dc526ea1f 573c6179ab
commit 1d603e24fd
86 changed files with 1161 additions and 1034 deletions
--- a/.github/setup_legacy_go.sh
+++ b/.github/setup_legacy_go.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash

-VERSION="1.23.6"
+VERSION="1.23.12"

 mkdir -p $HOME/go
 cd $HOME/go
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ jobs:
      version: ${{ steps.outputs.outputs.version }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
      - name: Check input version
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
@@ -88,13 +88,14 @@ jobs:
          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64, openwrt: "loongarch64_generic" }

          - { os: windows, arch: amd64 }
-          - { os: windows, arch: amd64, legacy_go: true }
+          - { os: windows, arch: amd64, legacy_go123: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
          - { os: windows, arch: "386" }
-          - { os: windows, arch: "386", legacy_go: true }
+          - { os: windows, arch: "386", legacy_go123: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
          - { os: windows, arch: arm64 }

          - { os: darwin, arch: amd64 }
          - { os: darwin, arch: arm64 }
+          - { os: darwin, arch: amd64, legacy_go124: true, legacy_name: "macos-11" }

          - { os: android, arch: arm64, ndk: "aarch64-linux-android21" }
          - { os: android, arch: arm, ndk: "armv7a-linux-androideabi21" }
@@ -102,28 +103,33 @@ jobs:
          - { os: android, arch: "386", ndk: "i686-linux-android21" }
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_go }}
+        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_go123 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
-      - name: Cache Legacy Go
-        if: matrix.require_legacy_go
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
+      - name: Setup Go 1.24
+        if: matrix.legacy_go124
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ~1.24.6
+      - name: Cache Go 1.23
+        if: matrix.legacy_go123
        id: cache-legacy-go
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          path: |
            ~/go/go_legacy
-          key: go_legacy_1236
-      - name: Setup Legacy Go
-        if: matrix.legacy_go && steps.cache-legacy-go.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+          key: go_legacy_12312
+      - name: Setup Go 1.23
+        if: matrix.legacy_go123 && steps.cache-legacy-go.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        run: |-
          .github/setup_legacy_go.sh
-      - name: Setup Legacy Go 2
-        if: matrix.legacy_go
+      - name: Setup Go 1.23
+        if: matrix.legacy_go123
        run: |-
          echo "PATH=$HOME/go/go_legacy/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "GOROOT=$HOME/go/go_legacy" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -184,8 +190,8 @@ jobs:
            DIR_NAME="${DIR_NAME}-${{ matrix.go386 }}"
          elif [[ -n "${{ matrix.gomips }}" && "${{ matrix.gomips }}" != 'hardfloat' ]]; then
            DIR_NAME="${DIR_NAME}-${{ matrix.gomips }}"
-          elif [[ "${{ matrix.legacy_go }}" == 'true' ]]; then
-            DIR_NAME="${DIR_NAME}-legacy"
+          elif [[ -n "${{ matrix.legacy_name }}" ]]; then
+            DIR_NAME="${DIR_NAME}-legacy-${{ matrix.legacy_name }}"
          fi
          echo "DIR_NAME=${DIR_NAME}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
          PKG_VERSION="${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}"
@@ -277,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Upload artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
-          name: binary-${{ matrix.os }}_${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.goarm && format('v{0}', matrix.goarm) }}${{ matrix.go386 && format('_{0}', matrix.go386) }}${{ matrix.gomips && format('_{0}', matrix.gomips) }}${{ matrix.legacy_go && '-legacy' || '' }}
+          name: binary-${{ matrix.os }}_${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.goarm && format('v{0}', matrix.goarm) }}${{ matrix.go386 && format('_{0}', matrix.go386) }}${{ matrix.gomips && format('_{0}', matrix.gomips) }}${{ matrix.legacy_name && format('-legacy-{0}', matrix.legacy_name) }}
          path: "dist"
  build_android:
    name: Build Android
@@ -287,14 +293,14 @@ jobs:
      - calculate_version
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
          submodules: 'recursive'
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        id: setup-ndk
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -367,14 +373,14 @@ jobs:
      - calculate_version
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
          submodules: 'recursive'
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        id: setup-ndk
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -426,7 +432,8 @@ jobs:
          SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS }}
  build_apple:
    name: Build Apple clients
-    runs-on: macos-15
+    runs-on: macos-26
+    if: false
    needs:
      - calculate_version
    strategy:
@@ -464,7 +471,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        if: matrix.if
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
          submodules: 'recursive'
@@ -472,15 +479,7 @@ jobs:
        if: matrix.if
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
-      - name: Setup Xcode stable
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next'
-        run: |-
-          sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.4.app
-      - name: Setup Xcode beta
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
-        run: |-
-          sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.4.app
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
      - name: Set tag
        if: matrix.if
        run: |-
@@ -624,7 +623,7 @@ jobs:
      - build_apple
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Cache ghr
@@ -647,7 +646,7 @@ jobs:
          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
          echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Download builds
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: dist
          merge-multiple: true
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "ref=$ref"
          echo "ref=$ref" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          ref: ${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}
          fetch-depth: 0
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "latest=$latest"
          echo "latest=$latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: /tmp/digests
          pattern: digests-*
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
+          go-version: ~1.24.6
      - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
        with:
          version: latest
          args: --timeout=30m
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ on:
        description: "Version name"
        required: true
        type: string
+      forceBeta:
+        description: "Force beta"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
  release:
    types:
      - published
@@ -19,13 +24,13 @@ jobs:
      version: ${{ steps.outputs.outputs.version }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
      - name: Check input version
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
@@ -60,13 +65,13 @@ jobs:
          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64 }
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.24.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        if: matrix.os == 'android'
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -99,11 +104,11 @@ jobs:
        run: |-
          TZ=UTC touch -t '197001010000' dist/sing-box
      - name: Set name
-        if: ${{ ! contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-') }}
+        if: (! contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-')) && !inputs.forceBeta
        run: |-
          echo "NAME=sing-box" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Set beta name
-        if: contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-')
+        if: contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-') || inputs.forceBeta
        run: |-
          echo "NAME=sing-box-beta" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Set version
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ jobs:
      - build
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Set tag
@@ -175,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
          echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Download builds
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: dist
          merge-multiple: true
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,27 +1,6 @@
-linters:
-  disable-all: true
-  enable:
-    - gofumpt
-    - govet
-    - gci
-    - staticcheck
-    - paralleltest
-    - ineffassign
-
-linters-settings:
-  gci:
-    custom-order: true
-    sections:
-      - standard
-      - prefix(github.com/sagernet/)
-      - default
-  staticcheck:
-    checks:
-      - all
-      - -SA1003
-
+version: "2"
 run:
-  go: "1.23"
+  go: "1.24"
  build-tags:
    - with_gvisor
    - with_quic
@@ -30,7 +9,51 @@ run:
    - with_utls
    - with_acme
    - with_clash_api
-
-issues:
-  exclude-dirs:
-    - transport/simple-obfs
+linters:
+  default: none
+  enable:
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - paralleltest
+    - staticcheck
+  settings:
+    staticcheck:
+      checks:
+        - all
+        - -S1000
+        - -S1008
+        - -S1017
+        - -ST1003
+        - -QF1001
+        - -QF1003
+        - -QF1008
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    paths:
+      - transport/simple-obfs
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gci
+    - gofumpt
+  settings:
+    gci:
+      sections:
+        - standard
+        - prefix(github.com/sagernet/)
+        - default
+      custom-order: true
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - transport/simple-obfs
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.25-alpine AS builder
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 COPY . /go/src/github.com/sagernet/sing-box
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/sagernet/sing-box
--- a/10
+++ b/10
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ build:
 	export GOTOOLCHAIN=local && \
 	go build $(MAIN_PARAMS) $(MAIN)

+race:
+	export GOTOOLCHAIN=local && \
+	go build -race $(MAIN_PARAMS) $(MAIN)
+
 ci_build:
 	export GOTOOLCHAIN=local && \
 	go build $(PARAMS) $(MAIN) && \
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ lint:
 	GOOS=freebsd golangci-lint run ./...

 lint_install:
-	go install -v github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint@latest
+	go install -v github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@latest

 proto:
 	@go run ./cmd/internal/protogen
@@ -245,8 +249,8 @@ lib:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target ios

 lib_install:
-	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.1.7
-	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gobind@v0.1.7
+	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.1.8
+	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gobind@v0.1.8

 docs:
 	venv/bin/mkdocs serve
--- a/adapter/inbound.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound.go
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 	Domain       string
 	Client       string
 	SniffContext any
+	SnifferNames []string
 	SniffError   error

 	// cache
@@ -137,8 +138,7 @@ func ExtendContext(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, *InboundContext) {

 func OverrideContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
 	if metadata := ContextFrom(ctx); metadata != nil {
-		var newMetadata InboundContext
-		newMetadata = *metadata
+		newMetadata := *metadata
 		return WithContext(ctx, &newMetadata)
 	}
 	return ctx
--- a/adapter/network.go
+++ b/adapter/network.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ type NetworkManager interface {
 	DefaultOptions() NetworkOptions
 	RegisterAutoRedirectOutputMark(mark uint32) error
 	AutoRedirectOutputMark() uint32
+	AutoRedirectOutputMarkFunc() control.Func
 	NetworkMonitor() tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor
 	InterfaceMonitor() tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
 	PackageManager() tun.PackageManager
--- a/adapter/outbound/manager.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound/manager.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 	outboundByTag           map[string]adapter.Outbound
 	dependByTag             map[string][]string
 	defaultOutbound         adapter.Outbound
-	defaultOutboundFallback adapter.Outbound
+	defaultOutboundFallback func() (adapter.Outbound, error)
 }

 func NewManager(logger logger.ContextLogger, registry adapter.OutboundRegistry, endpoint adapter.EndpointManager, defaultTag string) *Manager {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func NewManager(logger logger.ContextLogger, registry adapter.OutboundRegistry,
 	}
 }

-func (m *Manager) Initialize(defaultOutboundFallback adapter.Outbound) {
+func (m *Manager) Initialize(defaultOutboundFallback func() (adapter.Outbound, error)) {
 	m.defaultOutboundFallback = defaultOutboundFallback
 }

@@ -55,18 +55,31 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	}
 	m.started = true
 	m.stage = stage
-	outbounds := m.outbounds
-	m.access.Unlock()
 	if stage == adapter.StartStateStart {
 		if m.defaultTag != "" && m.defaultOutbound == nil {
 			defaultEndpoint, loaded := m.endpoint.Get(m.defaultTag)
 			if !loaded {
+				m.access.Unlock()
 				return E.New("default outbound not found: ", m.defaultTag)
 			}
 			m.defaultOutbound = defaultEndpoint
 		}
+		if m.defaultOutbound == nil {
+			directOutbound, err := m.defaultOutboundFallback()
+			if err != nil {
+				m.access.Unlock()
+				return E.Cause(err, "create direct outbound for fallback")
+			}
+			m.outbounds = append(m.outbounds, directOutbound)
+			m.outboundByTag[directOutbound.Tag()] = directOutbound
+			m.defaultOutbound = directOutbound
+		}
+		outbounds := m.outbounds
+		m.access.Unlock()
 		return m.startOutbounds(append(outbounds, common.Map(m.endpoint.Endpoints(), func(it adapter.Endpoint) adapter.Outbound { return it })...))
 	} else {
+		outbounds := m.outbounds
+		m.access.Unlock()
 		for _, outbound := range outbounds {
 			err := adapter.LegacyStart(outbound, stage)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -187,11 +200,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Outbound(tag string) (adapter.Outbound, bool) {
 func (m *Manager) Default() adapter.Outbound {
 	m.access.RLock()
 	defer m.access.RUnlock()
-	if m.defaultOutbound != nil {
-		return m.defaultOutbound
-	} else {
-		return m.defaultOutboundFallback
-	}
+	return m.defaultOutbound
 }

 func (m *Manager) Remove(tag string) error {
--- a/adapter/upstream_legacy.go
+++ b/adapter/upstream_legacy.go
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
 // Deprecated: removed
 func UpstreamMetadata(metadata InboundContext) M.Metadata {
 	return M.Metadata{
-		Source:      metadata.Source,
-		Destination: metadata.Destination,
+		Source:      metadata.Source.Unwrap(),
+		Destination: metadata.Destination.Unwrap(),
 	}
 }

--- a/box.go
+++ b/box.go
@@ -318,15 +318,15 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize service[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
-	outboundManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
-		direct.NewOutbound(
+	outboundManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.Outbound, error) {
+		return direct.NewOutbound(
 			ctx,
 			router,
 			logFactory.NewLogger("outbound/direct"),
 			"direct",
 			option.DirectOutboundOptions{},
-		),
-	))
+		)
+	})
 	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
 		local.NewTransport(
 			ctx,
--- a/clients/android
+++ b/clients/android
--- a/clients/apple
+++ b/clients/apple
--- a/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 	}

 	if !debugEnabled {
+		sharedFlags[3] = sharedFlags[3] + " -checklinkname=0"
 		args = append(args, sharedFlags...)
 	} else {
+		debugFlags[1] = debugFlags[1] + " -checklinkname=0"
 		args = append(args, debugFlags...)
 	}

-	args = append(args, "-ldflags", "-checklinkname=0")
-
 	tags := append(sharedTags, memcTags...)
 	if debugEnabled {
 		tags = append(tags, debugTags...)
--- a/cmd/internal/tun_bench/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/tun_bench/main.go
@@ -151,9 +151,7 @@ func testOnce(boxPath string, stackName string, mtu int, multiThread bool, flags
 	var sudoArgs []string
 	if len(flags) > 0 {
 		sudoArgs = append(sudoArgs, "env")
-		for _, flag := range flags {
-			sudoArgs = append(sudoArgs, flag)
-		}
+		sudoArgs = append(sudoArgs, flags...)
 	}
 	sudoArgs = append(sudoArgs, boxPath, "run", "-c", tempConfig.Name())
 	boxProcess := shell.Exec("sudo", sudoArgs...)
--- a/common/badtls/read_wait.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait.go
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) Upstream() any {
 	return c.Conn
 }

+func (c *ReadWaitConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 var tlsRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error)

 func init() {
--- a/common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go
@@ -6,22 +6,26 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	_ "unsafe"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-
 	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
 )

 func init() {
 	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		tlsConn, loaded := common.Cast[*tls.UConn](conn)
-		if !loaded {
-			return
+		switch tlsConn := conn.(type) {
+		case *tls.UConn:
+			return true, func() error {
+					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn.Conn)
+				}, func() error {
+					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn.Conn)
+				}
+		case *tls.Conn:
+			return true, func() error {
+					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn)
+				}, func() error {
+					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
+				}
 		}
-		return true, func() error {
-				return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn.Conn)
-			}, func() error {
-				return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn.Conn)
-			}
+		return
 	})
 }

--- a/common/certificate/store.go
+++ b/common/certificate/store.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"

 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 var _ adapter.CertificateStore = (*Store)(nil)

 type Store struct {
+	access                    sync.RWMutex
 	systemPool                *x509.CertPool
 	currentPool               *x509.CertPool
 	certificate               string
@@ -115,10 +117,14 @@ func (s *Store) Close() error {
 }

 func (s *Store) Pool() *x509.CertPool {
+	s.access.RLock()
+	defer s.access.RUnlock()
 	return s.currentPool
 }

 func (s *Store) update() error {
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	var currentPool *x509.CertPool
 	if s.systemPool == nil {
 		currentPool = x509.NewCertPool()
--- a/experimental/clashapi/compatible/map.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/compatible/map.go
--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ type DefaultDialer struct {
 	networkType            []C.InterfaceType
 	fallbackNetworkType    []C.InterfaceType
 	networkFallbackDelay   time.Duration
-	networkLastFallback    atomic.TypedValue[time.Time]
+	networkLastFallback    common.TypedValue[time.Time]
 }

 func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDialer, error) {
@@ -89,37 +88,35 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial

 	if networkManager != nil {
 		defaultOptions := networkManager.DefaultOptions()
-		if !disableDefaultBind {
-			if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
-				bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
+		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
+			bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
+			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
+			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
+		} else if networkManager.AutoDetectInterface() && !disableDefaultBind {
+			if platformInterface != nil {
+				networkStrategy = (*C.NetworkStrategy)(options.NetworkStrategy)
+				networkType = common.Map(options.NetworkType, option.InterfaceType.Build)
+				fallbackNetworkType = common.Map(options.FallbackNetworkType, option.InterfaceType.Build)
+				if networkStrategy == nil && len(networkType) == 0 && len(fallbackNetworkType) == 0 {
+					networkStrategy = defaultOptions.NetworkStrategy
+					networkType = defaultOptions.NetworkType
+					fallbackNetworkType = defaultOptions.FallbackNetworkType
+				}
+				networkFallbackDelay = time.Duration(options.FallbackDelay)
+				if networkFallbackDelay == 0 && defaultOptions.FallbackDelay != 0 {
+					networkFallbackDelay = defaultOptions.FallbackDelay
+				}
+				if networkStrategy == nil {
+					networkStrategy = common.Ptr(C.NetworkStrategyDefault)
+					defaultNetworkStrategy = true
+				}
+				bindFunc := networkManager.ProtectFunc()
+				dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
+				listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
+			} else {
+				bindFunc := networkManager.AutoDetectInterfaceFunc()
 				dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 				listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
-			} else if networkManager.AutoDetectInterface() {
-				if platformInterface != nil {
-					networkStrategy = (*C.NetworkStrategy)(options.NetworkStrategy)
-					networkType = common.Map(options.NetworkType, option.InterfaceType.Build)
-					fallbackNetworkType = common.Map(options.FallbackNetworkType, option.InterfaceType.Build)
-					if networkStrategy == nil && len(networkType) == 0 && len(fallbackNetworkType) == 0 {
-						networkStrategy = defaultOptions.NetworkStrategy
-						networkType = defaultOptions.NetworkType
-						fallbackNetworkType = defaultOptions.FallbackNetworkType
-					}
-					networkFallbackDelay = time.Duration(options.FallbackDelay)
-					if networkFallbackDelay == 0 && defaultOptions.FallbackDelay != 0 {
-						networkFallbackDelay = defaultOptions.FallbackDelay
-					}
-					if networkStrategy == nil {
-						networkStrategy = common.Ptr(C.NetworkStrategyDefault)
-						defaultNetworkStrategy = true
-					}
-					bindFunc := networkManager.ProtectFunc()
-					dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
-					listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
-				} else {
-					bindFunc := networkManager.AutoDetectInterfaceFunc()
-					dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
-					listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
-				}
 			}
 		}
 		if options.RoutingMark == 0 && defaultOptions.RoutingMark != 0 {
@@ -127,6 +124,11 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, setMarkWrapper(networkManager, defaultOptions.RoutingMark, true))
 		}
 	}
+	if networkManager != nil {
+		markFunc := networkManager.AutoRedirectOutputMarkFunc()
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, markFunc)
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, markFunc)
+	}
 	if options.ReuseAddr {
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.ReuseAddr())
 	}
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network strin
 	} else {
 		dialer = d.udpDialer4
 	}
-	fastFallback := time.Now().Sub(d.networkLastFallback.Load()) < C.TCPTimeout
+	fastFallback := time.Since(d.networkLastFallback.Load()) < C.TCPTimeout
 	var (
 		conn      net.Conn
 		isPrimary bool
--- a/common/dialer/tfo.go
+++ b/common/dialer/tfo.go
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ type slowOpenConn struct {
 	ctx         context.Context
 	network     string
 	destination M.Socksaddr
-	conn        net.Conn
+	conn        atomic.Pointer[net.TCPConn]
 	create      chan struct{}
 	done        chan struct{}
 	access      sync.Mutex
@@ -50,22 +52,25 @@ func DialSlowContext(dialer *tcpDialer, ctx context.Context, network string, des
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.conn == nil {
-		select {
-		case <-c.create:
-			if c.err != nil {
-				return 0, c.err
-			}
-		case <-c.done:
-			return 0, os.ErrClosed
-		}
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn != nil {
+		return conn.Read(b)
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-c.create:
+		if c.err != nil {
+			return 0, c.err
+		}
+		return c.conn.Load().Read(b)
+	case <-c.done:
+		return 0, os.ErrClosed
 	}
-	return c.conn.Read(b)
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		return c.conn.Write(b)
+	tcpConn := c.conn.Load()
+	if tcpConn != nil {
+		return tcpConn.Write(b)
 	}
 	c.access.Lock()
 	defer c.access.Unlock()
@@ -74,7 +79,7 @@ func (c *slowOpenConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 		if c.err != nil {
 			return 0, c.err
 		}
-		return c.conn.Write(b)
+		return c.conn.Load().Write(b)
 	case <-c.done:
 		return 0, os.ErrClosed
 	default:
@@ -83,7 +88,7 @@ func (c *slowOpenConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		c.err = err
 	} else {
-		c.conn = conn
+		c.conn.Store(conn.(*net.TCPConn))
 	}
 	n = len(b)
 	close(c.create)
@@ -93,70 +98,77 @@ func (c *slowOpenConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 func (c *slowOpenConn) Close() error {
 	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
 		close(c.done)
-		if c.conn != nil {
-			c.conn.Close()
+		conn := c.conn.Load()
+		if conn != nil {
+			conn.Close()
 		}
 	})
 	return nil
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return M.Socksaddr{}
 	}
-	return c.conn.LocalAddr()
+	return conn.LocalAddr()
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return M.Socksaddr{}
 	}
-	return c.conn.RemoteAddr()
+	return conn.RemoteAddr()
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	return c.conn.SetDeadline(t)
+	return conn.SetDeadline(t)
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	return c.conn.SetReadDeadline(t)
+	return conn.SetReadDeadline(t)
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	return c.conn.SetWriteDeadline(t)
+	return conn.SetWriteDeadline(t)
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) Upstream() any {
-	return c.conn
+	return common.PtrOrNil(c.conn.Load())
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.conn != nil
+	return c.conn.Load() != nil
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.conn != nil
+	return c.conn.Load() != nil
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) LazyHeadroom() bool {
-	return c.conn == nil
+	return c.conn.Load() == nil
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) NeedHandshake() bool {
-	return c.conn == nil
+	return c.conn.Load() == nil
 }

 func (c *slowOpenConn) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		select {
 		case <-c.create:
 			if c.err != nil {
@@ -166,5 +178,5 @@ func (c *slowOpenConn) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
 			return 0, c.err
 		}
 	}
-	return bufio.Copy(w, c.conn)
+	return bufio.Copy(w, c.conn.Load())
 }
--- a/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package listener
 import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
 	if l.tproxy {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
 			return control.Raw(conn, func(fd uintptr) error {
-				return redir.TProxy(fd, !M.ParseSocksaddr(address).IsIPv4(), false)
+				return redir.TProxy(fd, !strings.HasSuffix(network, "4"), false)
 			})
 		})
 	}
--- a/common/listener/listener_udp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_udp.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenUDP() (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if l.tproxy {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
 			return control.Raw(conn, func(fd uintptr) error {
-				return redir.TProxy(fd, !M.ParseSocksaddr(address).IsIPv4(), true)
+				return redir.TProxy(fd, !strings.HasSuffix(network, "4"), true)
 			})
 		})
 	}
--- a/common/sniff/quic_blacklist.go
+++ b/common/sniff/quic_blacklist.go
@@ -17,8 +17,5 @@ var uQUICChrome115 = &ja3.ClientHello{
 }

 func maybeUQUIC(fingerprint *ja3.ClientHello) bool {
-	if uQUICChrome115.Equals(fingerprint, true) {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
+	return !uQUICChrome115.Equals(fingerprint, true)
 }
--- a/common/sniff/quic_test.go
+++ b/common/sniff/quic_test.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestSniffUQUICChrome115(t *testing.T) {
 	err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolQUIC)
-	require.Equal(t, metadata.Client, C.ClientQUICGo)
+	require.Equal(t, metadata.Client, C.ClientChromium)
 	require.Equal(t, metadata.Domain, "www.google.com")
 }

--- a/common/tls/ech.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech.go
@@ -69,11 +69,7 @@ func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions,
 	} else {
 		return E.New("missing ECH keys")
 	}
-	block, rest := pem.Decode(echKey)
-	if block == nil || block.Type != "ECH KEYS" || len(rest) > 0 {
-		return E.New("invalid ECH keys pem")
-	}
-	echKeys, err := UnmarshalECHKeys(block.Bytes)
+	echKeys, err := parseECHKeys(echKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return E.Cause(err, "parse ECH keys")
 	}
@@ -85,21 +81,29 @@ func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions,
 	return nil
 }

-func reloadECHKeys(echKeyPath string, tlsConfig *tls.Config) error {
-	echKey, err := os.ReadFile(echKeyPath)
+func (c *STDServerConfig) setECHServerConfig(echKey []byte) error {
+	echKeys, err := parseECHKeys(echKey)
 	if err != nil {
-		return E.Cause(err, "reload ECH keys from ", echKeyPath)
+		return err
 	}
+	c.access.Lock()
+	config := c.config.Clone()
+	config.EncryptedClientHelloKeys = echKeys
+	c.config = config
+	c.access.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseECHKeys(echKey []byte) ([]tls.EncryptedClientHelloKey, error) {
 	block, _ := pem.Decode(echKey)
 	if block == nil || block.Type != "ECH KEYS" {
-		return E.New("invalid ECH keys pem")
+		return nil, E.New("invalid ECH keys pem")
 	}
 	echKeys, err := UnmarshalECHKeys(block.Bytes)
 	if err != nil {
-		return E.Cause(err, "parse ECH keys")
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse ECH keys")
 	}
-	tlsConfig.EncryptedClientHelloKeys = echKeys
-	return nil
+	return echKeys, nil
 }

 type ECHClientConfig struct {
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ func (s *ECHClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (a
 func (s *ECHClientConfig) fetchAndHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
 	s.access.Lock()
 	defer s.access.Unlock()
-	if len(s.ECHConfigList()) == 0 || s.lastTTL == 0 || time.Now().Sub(s.lastUpdate) > s.lastTTL {
+	if len(s.ECHConfigList()) == 0 || s.lastTTL == 0 || time.Since(s.lastUpdate) > s.lastTTL {
 		message := &mDNS.Msg{
 			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
 				RecursionDesired: true,
--- a/common/tls/ech_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_stub.go
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions,
 	return E.New("ECH requires go1.24, please recompile your binary.")
 }

-func reloadECHKeys(echKeyPath string, tlsConfig *tls.Config) error {
-	return E.New("ECH requires go1.24, please recompile your binary.")
+func (c *STDServerConfig) setECHServerConfig(echKey []byte) error {
+	panic("unreachable")
 }
--- a/common/tls/reality_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_client.go
@@ -307,3 +307,11 @@ func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) Upstream() any {
 func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) CloseWrite() error {
 	return c.Close()
 }
+
+func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) WriterReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
--- a/common/tls/reality_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_server.go
@@ -206,3 +206,11 @@ func (c *realityConnWrapper) Upstream() any {
 func (c *realityConnWrapper) CloseWrite() error {
 	return c.Close()
 }
+
+func (c *realityConnWrapper) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *realityConnWrapper) WriterReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
--- a/common/tls/std_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_server.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 var errInsecureUnused = E.New("tls: insecure unused")

 type STDServerConfig struct {
+	access          sync.RWMutex
 	config          *tls.Config
 	logger          log.Logger
 	acmeService     adapter.SimpleLifecycle
@@ -32,14 +34,22 @@ type STDServerConfig struct {
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) ServerName() string {
+	c.access.RLock()
+	defer c.access.RUnlock()
 	return c.config.ServerName
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
-	c.config.ServerName = serverName
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	config := c.config.Clone()
+	config.ServerName = serverName
+	c.config = config
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) NextProtos() []string {
+	c.access.RLock()
+	defer c.access.RUnlock()
 	if c.acmeService != nil && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == ACMETLS1Protocol {
 		return c.config.NextProtos[1:]
 	} else {
@@ -48,11 +58,15 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) NextProtos() []string {
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	config := c.config.Clone()
 	if c.acmeService != nil && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == ACMETLS1Protocol {
-		c.config.NextProtos = append(c.config.NextProtos[:1], nextProto...)
+		config.NextProtos = append(c.config.NextProtos[:1], nextProto...)
 	} else {
-		c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
+		config.NextProtos = nextProto
 	}
+	c.config = config
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
@@ -77,9 +91,6 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Start() error {
 	if c.acmeService != nil {
 		return c.acmeService.Start()
 	} else {
-		if c.certificatePath == "" && c.keyPath == "" {
-			return nil
-		}
 		err := c.startWatcher()
 		if err != nil {
 			c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
@@ -99,6 +110,9 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
 	if c.echKeyPath != "" {
 		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.echKeyPath)
 	}
+	if len(watchPath) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	watcher, err := fswatch.NewWatcher(fswatch.Options{
 		Path: watchPath,
 		Callback: func(path string) {
@@ -138,10 +152,18 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) certificateUpdated(path string) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "reload key pair")
 		}
-		c.config.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{keyPair}
+		c.access.Lock()
+		config := c.config.Clone()
+		config.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{keyPair}
+		c.config = config
+		c.access.Unlock()
 		c.logger.Info("reloaded TLS certificate")
 	} else if path == c.echKeyPath {
-		err := reloadECHKeys(c.echKeyPath, c.config)
+		echKey, err := os.ReadFile(c.echKeyPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "reload ECH keys from ", c.echKeyPath)
+		}
+		err = c.setECHServerConfig(echKey)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -262,7 +284,7 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	return &STDServerConfig{
+	serverConfig := &STDServerConfig{
 		config:          tlsConfig,
 		logger:          logger,
 		acmeService:     acmeService,
@@ -271,5 +293,11 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		certificatePath: options.CertificatePath,
 		keyPath:         options.KeyPath,
 		echKeyPath:      echKeyPath,
-	}, nil
+	}
+	serverConfig.config.GetConfigForClient = func(info *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
+		serverConfig.access.Lock()
+		defer serverConfig.access.Unlock()
+		return serverConfig.config, nil
+	}
+	return serverConfig, nil
 }
--- a/common/tls/utls_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_client.go
@@ -106,6 +106,14 @@ func (c *utlsConnWrapper) Upstream() any {
 	return c.UConn
 }

+func (c *utlsConnWrapper) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *utlsConnWrapper) WriterReplaceable() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 type utlsALPNWrapper struct {
 	utlsConnWrapper
 	nextProtocols []string
--- a/common/tlsfragment/conn.go
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/conn.go
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ func (c *Conn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 						if err != nil {
 							return
 						}
+						if i != len(splitIndexes) {
+							time.Sleep(c.fallbackDelay)
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
--- a/common/tlsfragment/wait_stub.go
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/wait_stub.go
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ import (
 )

 func writeAndWaitAck(ctx context.Context, conn *net.TCPConn, payload []byte, fallbackDelay time.Duration) error {
+	_, err := conn.Write(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	time.Sleep(fallbackDelay)
 	return nil
 }
--- a/common/tlsfragment/wait_windows.go
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/wait_windows.go
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ func writeAndWaitAck(ctx context.Context, conn *net.TCPConn, payload []byte, fal
 	err := winiphlpapi.WriteAndWaitAck(ctx, conn, payload)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
+			if _, err := conn.Write(payload); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			time.Sleep(fallbackDelay)
 			return nil
 		}
--- a/common/urltest/urltest.go
+++ b/common/urltest/urltest.go
@@ -47,15 +47,15 @@ func (s *HistoryStorage) LoadURLTestHistory(tag string) *adapter.URLTestHistory
 func (s *HistoryStorage) DeleteURLTestHistory(tag string) {
 	s.access.Lock()
 	delete(s.delayHistory, tag)
-	s.access.Unlock()
 	s.notifyUpdated()
+	s.access.Unlock()
 }

 func (s *HistoryStorage) StoreURLTestHistory(tag string, history *adapter.URLTestHistory) {
 	s.access.Lock()
 	s.delayHistory[tag] = history
-	s.access.Unlock()
 	s.notifyUpdated()
+	s.access.Unlock()
 }

 func (s *HistoryStorage) notifyUpdated() {
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ func (s *HistoryStorage) notifyUpdated() {
 }

 func (s *HistoryStorage) Close() error {
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	s.updateHook = nil
 	return nil
 }
--- a/dns/client.go
+++ b/dns/client.go
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ package dns

 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/compatible"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/contrab/freelru"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/contrab/maphash"

-	dns "github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 )

 var (
@@ -30,16 +32,18 @@ var (
 var _ adapter.DNSClient = (*Client)(nil)

 type Client struct {
-	timeout          time.Duration
-	disableCache     bool
-	disableExpire    bool
-	independentCache bool
-	clientSubnet     netip.Prefix
-	rdrc             adapter.RDRCStore
-	initRDRCFunc     func() adapter.RDRCStore
-	logger           logger.ContextLogger
-	cache            freelru.Cache[dns.Question, *dns.Msg]
-	transportCache   freelru.Cache[transportCacheKey, *dns.Msg]
+	timeout            time.Duration
+	disableCache       bool
+	disableExpire      bool
+	independentCache   bool
+	clientSubnet       netip.Prefix
+	rdrc               adapter.RDRCStore
+	initRDRCFunc       func() adapter.RDRCStore
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	cache              freelru.Cache[dns.Question, *dns.Msg]
+	cacheLock          compatible.Map[dns.Question, chan struct{}]
+	transportCache     freelru.Cache[transportCacheKey, *dns.Msg]
+	transportCacheLock compatible.Map[dns.Question, chan struct{}]
 }

 type ClientOptions struct {
@@ -96,17 +100,15 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		if c.logger != nil {
 			c.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "bad question size: ", len(message.Question))
 		}
-		responseMessage := dns.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: dns.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Response: true,
-				Rcode:    dns.RcodeFormatError,
-			},
-			Question: message.Question,
-		}
-		return &responseMessage, nil
+		return FixedResponseStatus(message, dns.RcodeFormatError), nil
 	}
 	question := message.Question[0]
+	if question.Qtype == dns.TypeA && options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only || question.Qtype == dns.TypeAAAA && options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only {
+		if c.logger != nil {
+			c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "strategy rejected")
+		}
+		return FixedResponseStatus(message, dns.RcodeSuccess), nil
+	}
 	clientSubnet := options.ClientSubnet
 	if !clientSubnet.IsValid() {
 		clientSubnet = c.clientSubnet
@@ -114,12 +116,38 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 	if clientSubnet.IsValid() {
 		message = SetClientSubnet(message, clientSubnet)
 	}
+
 	isSimpleRequest := len(message.Question) == 1 &&
 		len(message.Ns) == 0 &&
-		len(message.Extra) == 0 &&
+		(len(message.Extra) == 0 || len(message.Extra) == 1 &&
+			message.Extra[0].Header().Rrtype == dns.TypeOPT &&
+			message.Extra[0].Header().Class > 0 &&
+			message.Extra[0].Header().Ttl == 0 &&
+			len(message.Extra[0].(*dns.OPT).Option) == 0) &&
 		!options.ClientSubnet.IsValid()
 	disableCache := !isSimpleRequest || c.disableCache || options.DisableCache
 	if !disableCache {
+		if c.cache != nil {
+			cond, loaded := c.cacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
+			if loaded {
+				<-cond
+			} else {
+				defer func() {
+					c.cacheLock.Delete(question)
+					close(cond)
+				}()
+			}
+		} else if c.transportCache != nil {
+			cond, loaded := c.transportCacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
+			if loaded {
+				<-cond
+			} else {
+				defer func() {
+					c.transportCacheLock.Delete(question)
+					close(cond)
+				}()
+			}
+		}
 		response, ttl := c.loadResponse(question, transport)
 		if response != nil {
 			logCachedResponse(c.logger, ctx, response, ttl)
@@ -127,27 +155,14 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 			return response, nil
 		}
 	}
-	if question.Qtype == dns.TypeA && options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only || question.Qtype == dns.TypeAAAA && options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only {
-		responseMessage := dns.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: dns.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Response: true,
-				Rcode:    dns.RcodeSuccess,
-			},
-			Question: []dns.Question{question},
-		}
-		if c.logger != nil {
-			c.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "strategy rejected")
-		}
-		return &responseMessage, nil
-	}
+
 	messageId := message.Id
 	contextTransport, clientSubnetLoaded := transportTagFromContext(ctx)
 	if clientSubnetLoaded && transport.Tag() == contextTransport {
 		return nil, E.New("DNS query loopback in transport[", contextTransport, "]")
 	}
 	ctx = contextWithTransportTag(ctx, transport.Tag())
-	if responseChecker != nil && c.rdrc != nil {
+	if !disableCache && responseChecker != nil && c.rdrc != nil {
 		rejected := c.rdrc.LoadRDRC(transport.Tag(), question.Name, question.Qtype)
 		if rejected {
 			return nil, ErrResponseRejectedCached
@@ -157,7 +172,12 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 	response, err := transport.Exchange(ctx, message)
 	cancel()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		var rcodeError RcodeError
+		if errors.As(err, &rcodeError) {
+			response = FixedResponseStatus(message, int(rcodeError))
+		} else {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 	/*if question.Qtype == dns.TypeA || question.Qtype == dns.TypeAAAA {
 		validResponse := response
@@ -194,15 +214,17 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, validResponse.Answer...)
 		}
 	}*/
+	disableCache = disableCache || response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess || len(response.Answer) == 0
 	if responseChecker != nil {
 		var rejected bool
-		if !(response.Rcode == dns.RcodeSuccess || response.Rcode == dns.RcodeNameError) {
+		// TODO: add accept_any rule and support to check response instead of addresses
+		if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess || len(response.Answer) == 0 {
 			rejected = true
 		} else {
 			rejected = !responseChecker(MessageToAddresses(response))
 		}
 		if rejected {
-			if c.rdrc != nil {
+			if !disableCache && c.rdrc != nil {
 				c.rdrc.SaveRDRCAsync(transport.Tag(), question.Name, question.Qtype, c.logger)
 			}
 			logRejectedResponse(c.logger, ctx, response)
@@ -259,7 +281,7 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		}
 	}
 	logExchangedResponse(c.logger, ctx, response, timeToLive)
-	return response, err
+	return response, nil
 }

 func (c *Client) Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, domain string, options adapter.DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
@@ -305,8 +327,7 @@ func (c *Client) Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, dom
 func (c *Client) ClearCache() {
 	if c.cache != nil {
 		c.cache.Purge()
-	}
-	if c.transportCache != nil {
+	} else if c.transportCache != nil {
 		c.transportCache.Purge()
 	}
 }
@@ -320,36 +341,36 @@ func (c *Client) LookupCache(domain string, strategy C.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.
 	}
 	dnsName := dns.Fqdn(domain)
 	if strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only {
-		response, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
+		addresses, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
 			Name:   dnsName,
 			Qtype:  dns.TypeA,
 			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
 		}, nil)
 		if err != ErrNotCached {
-			return response, true
+			return addresses, true
 		}
 	} else if strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only {
-		response, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
+		addresses, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
 			Name:   dnsName,
 			Qtype:  dns.TypeAAAA,
 			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
 		}, nil)
 		if err != ErrNotCached {
-			return response, true
+			return addresses, true
 		}
 	} else {
-		response4, _ := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
+		response4, _ := c.loadResponse(dns.Question{
 			Name:   dnsName,
 			Qtype:  dns.TypeA,
 			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
 		}, nil)
-		response6, _ := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
+		response6, _ := c.loadResponse(dns.Question{
 			Name:   dnsName,
 			Qtype:  dns.TypeAAAA,
 			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
 		}, nil)
-		if len(response4) > 0 || len(response6) > 0 {
-			return sortAddresses(response4, response6, strategy), true
+		if response4 != nil || response6 != nil {
+			return sortAddresses(MessageToAddresses(response4), MessageToAddresses(response6), strategy), true
 		}
 	}
 	return nil, false
@@ -390,15 +411,15 @@ func (c *Client) storeCache(transport adapter.DNSTransport, question dns.Questio
 				transportTag: transport.Tag(),
 			}, message)
 		}
-		return
-	}
-	if !c.independentCache {
-		c.cache.AddWithLifetime(question, message, time.Second*time.Duration(timeToLive))
 	} else {
-		c.transportCache.AddWithLifetime(transportCacheKey{
-			Question:     question,
-			transportTag: transport.Tag(),
-		}, message, time.Second*time.Duration(timeToLive))
+		if !c.independentCache {
+			c.cache.AddWithLifetime(question, message, time.Second*time.Duration(timeToLive))
+		} else {
+			c.transportCache.AddWithLifetime(transportCacheKey{
+				Question:     question,
+				transportTag: transport.Tag(),
+			}, message, time.Second*time.Duration(timeToLive))
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -517,6 +538,9 @@ func (c *Client) loadResponse(question dns.Question, transport adapter.DNSTransp
 }

 func MessageToAddresses(response *dns.Msg) []netip.Addr {
+	if response == nil || response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
+		return nil
+	}
 	addresses := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(response.Answer))
 	for _, rawAnswer := range response.Answer {
 		switch answer := rawAnswer.(type) {
@@ -561,9 +585,12 @@ func transportTagFromContext(ctx context.Context) (string, bool) {
 func FixedResponseStatus(message *dns.Msg, rcode int) *dns.Msg {
 	return &dns.Msg{
 		MsgHdr: dns.MsgHdr{
-			Id:       message.Id,
-			Rcode:    rcode,
-			Response: true,
+			Id:                 message.Id,
+			Response:           true,
+			Authoritative:      true,
+			RecursionDesired:   true,
+			RecursionAvailable: true,
+			Rcode:              rcode,
 		},
 		Question: message.Question,
 	}
--- a/dns/rcode.go
+++ b/dns/rcode.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 )

 const (
+	RcodeSuccess     RcodeError = mDNS.RcodeSuccess
 	RcodeFormatError RcodeError = mDNS.RcodeFormatError
 	RcodeNameError   RcodeError = mDNS.RcodeNameError
 	RcodeRefused     RcodeError = mDNS.RcodeRefused
--- a/dns/router.go
+++ b/dns/router.go
@@ -293,12 +293,7 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, options adapte
 					} else if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejected) {
 						rejected = true
 						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
-						/*} else if responseCheck!= nil && errors.Is(err, RcodeError(mDNS.RcodeNameError)) {
-						rejected = true
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
-						*/
 					} else if len(message.Question) > 0 {
-						rejected = true
 						r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
 					} else {
 						r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for <empty query>"))
--- a/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp.go
+++ b/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp.go
@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@ package dhcp

 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4"
 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )

 func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
@@ -45,9 +47,12 @@ type Transport struct {
 	networkManager    adapter.NetworkManager
 	interfaceName     string
 	interfaceCallback *list.Element[tun.DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
-	transports        []adapter.DNSTransport
-	updateAccess      sync.Mutex
+	transportLock     sync.RWMutex
 	updatedAt         time.Time
+	servers           []M.Socksaddr
+	search            []string
+	ndots             int
+	attempts          int
 }

 func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.DHCPDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -62,27 +67,40 @@ func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, opt
 		logger:           logger,
 		networkManager:   service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx),
 		interfaceName:    options.Interface,
+		ndots:            1,
+		attempts:         2,
 	}, nil
 }

+func NewRawTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) *Transport {
+	return &Transport{
+		TransportAdapter: transportAdapter,
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		dialer:           dialer,
+		logger:           logger,
+		networkManager:   service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx),
+		ndots:            1,
+		attempts:         2,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
 		return nil
 	}
-	err := t.fetchServers()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	if t.interfaceName == "" {
 		t.interfaceCallback = t.networkManager.InterfaceMonitor().RegisterCallback(t.interfaceUpdated)
 	}
+	go func() {
+		_, err := t.Fetch()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "fetch DNS servers"))
+		}
+	}()
 	return nil
 }

 func (t *Transport) Close() error {
-	for _, transport := range t.transports {
-		transport.Close()
-	}
 	if t.interfaceCallback != nil {
 		t.networkManager.InterfaceMonitor().UnregisterCallback(t.interfaceCallback)
 	}
@@ -90,23 +108,44 @@ func (t *Transport) Close() error {
 }

 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	err := t.fetchServers()
+	servers, err := t.Fetch()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	if len(t.transports) == 0 {
+	if len(servers) == 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("dhcp: empty DNS servers from response")
 	}
+	return t.Exchange0(ctx, message, servers)
+}

-	var response *mDNS.Msg
-	for _, transport := range t.transports {
-		response, err = transport.Exchange(ctx, message)
-		if err == nil {
-			return response, nil
-		}
+func (t *Transport) Exchange0(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, servers []M.Socksaddr) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
+	if len(servers) == 1 || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
+		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, servers, message, domain)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, servers, message, domain)
 	}
-	return nil, err
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Fetch() ([]M.Socksaddr, error) {
+	t.transportLock.RLock()
+	updatedAt := t.updatedAt
+	servers := t.servers
+	t.transportLock.RUnlock()
+	if time.Since(updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
+		return servers, nil
+	}
+	t.transportLock.Lock()
+	defer t.transportLock.Unlock()
+	if time.Since(t.updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
+		return t.servers, nil
+	}
+	err := t.updateServers()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return t.servers, nil
 }

 func (t *Transport) fetchInterface() (*control.Interface, error) {
@@ -124,18 +163,6 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchInterface() (*control.Interface, error) {
 	}
 }

-func (t *Transport) fetchServers() error {
-	if time.Since(t.updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
-		return nil
-	}
-	t.updateAccess.Lock()
-	defer t.updateAccess.Unlock()
-	if time.Since(t.updatedAt) < C.DHCPTTL {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return t.updateServers()
-}
-
 func (t *Transport) updateServers() error {
 	iface, err := t.fetchInterface()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -148,7 +175,7 @@ func (t *Transport) updateServers() error {
 	cancel()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if len(t.transports) == 0 {
+	} else if len(t.servers) == 0 {
 		return E.New("dhcp: empty DNS servers response")
 	} else {
 		t.updatedAt = time.Now()
@@ -171,13 +198,27 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServers0(ctx context.Context, iface *control.Interface)
 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
 		listenAddr = "255.255.255.255:68"
 	}
-	packetConn, err := listener.ListenPacket(t.ctx, "udp4", listenAddr)
+	var (
+		packetConn net.PacketConn
+		err        error
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		packetConn, err = listener.ListenPacket(t.ctx, "udp4", listenAddr)
+		if err == nil || !errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer packetConn.Close()

-	discovery, err := dhcpv4.NewDiscovery(iface.HardwareAddr, dhcpv4.WithBroadcast(true), dhcpv4.WithRequestedOptions(dhcpv4.OptionDomainNameServer))
+	discovery, err := dhcpv4.NewDiscovery(iface.HardwareAddr, dhcpv4.WithBroadcast(true), dhcpv4.WithRequestedOptions(
+		dhcpv4.OptionDomainName,
+		dhcpv4.OptionDomainNameServer,
+		dhcpv4.OptionDNSDomainSearchList,
+	))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -204,6 +245,9 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServersResponse(iface *control.Interface, packetConn ne
 	for {
 		_, _, err := buffer.ReadPacketFrom(packetConn)
 		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.ErrShortBuffer) {
+				continue
+			}
 			return err
 		}

@@ -223,31 +267,23 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServersResponse(iface *control.Interface, packetConn ne
 			continue
 		}

-		dns := dhcpPacket.DNS()
-		if len(dns) == 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return t.recreateServers(iface, common.Map(dns, func(it net.IP) M.Socksaddr {
-			return M.SocksaddrFrom(M.AddrFromIP(it), 53)
-		}))
+		return t.recreateServers(iface, dhcpPacket)
 	}
 }

-func (t *Transport) recreateServers(iface *control.Interface, serverAddrs []M.Socksaddr) error {
-	if len(serverAddrs) > 0 {
-		t.logger.Info("dhcp: updated DNS servers from ", iface.Name, ": [", strings.Join(common.Map(serverAddrs, M.Socksaddr.String), ","), "]")
+func (t *Transport) recreateServers(iface *control.Interface, dhcpPacket *dhcpv4.DHCPv4) error {
+	searchList := dhcpPacket.DomainSearch()
+	if searchList != nil && len(searchList.Labels) > 0 {
+		t.search = searchList.Labels
+	} else if dhcpPacket.DomainName() != "" {
+		t.search = []string{dhcpPacket.DomainName()}
 	}
-	serverDialer := common.Must1(dialer.NewDefault(t.ctx, option.DialerOptions{
-		BindInterface:      iface.Name,
-		UDPFragmentDefault: true,
-	}))
-	var transports []adapter.DNSTransport
-	for _, serverAddr := range serverAddrs {
-		transports = append(transports, transport.NewUDPRaw(t.logger, t.TransportAdapter, serverDialer, serverAddr))
+	serverAddrs := common.Map(dhcpPacket.DNS(), func(it net.IP) M.Socksaddr {
+		return M.SocksaddrFrom(M.AddrFromIP(it), 53)
+	})
+	if len(serverAddrs) > 0 && !slices.Equal(t.servers, serverAddrs) {
+		t.logger.Info("dhcp: updated DNS servers from ", iface.Name, ": [", strings.Join(common.Map(serverAddrs, M.Socksaddr.String), ","), "], search: [", strings.Join(t.search, ","), "]")
 	}
-	for _, transport := range t.transports {
-		transport.Close()
-	}
-	t.transports = transports
+	t.servers = serverAddrs
 	return nil
 }
--- a/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go
+++ b/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package dhcp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math/rand"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, servers []M.Socksaddr, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, fqdn := range t.nameList(domain) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, servers, fqdn, message)
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, servers []M.Socksaddr, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	returned := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(returned)
+	type queryResult struct {
+		response *mDNS.Msg
+		err      error
+	}
+	results := make(chan queryResult)
+	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, servers, fqdn, message)
+		if err == nil {
+			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
+				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
+			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
+				err = dns.RcodeSuccess
+			}
+		}
+		select {
+		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
+		case <-returned:
+		}
+	}
+	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer queryCancel()
+	var nameCount int
+	for _, fqdn := range t.nameList(domain) {
+		nameCount++
+		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
+	}
+	var errors []error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case result := <-results:
+			if result.err == nil {
+				return result.response, nil
+			}
+			errors = append(errors, result.err)
+			if len(errors) == nameCount {
+				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, servers []M.Socksaddr, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	sLen := len(servers)
+	var lastErr error
+	for i := 0; i < t.attempts; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < sLen; j++ {
+			server := servers[j]
+			question := message.Question[0]
+			question.Name = fqdn
+			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, server, question)
+			if err != nil {
+				lastErr = err
+				continue
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if server.Port == 0 {
+		server.Port = 53
+	}
+	request := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
+			RecursionDesired:  true,
+			AuthenticatedData: true,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+		Compress: true,
+	}
+	request.SetEdns0(buf.UDPBufferSize, false)
+	return t.exchangeUDP(ctx, server, request)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeUDP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
+	defer buf.Put(buffer)
+	rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
+	}
+	_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
+	}
+	n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
+	}
+	var response mDNS.Msg
+	err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
+	}
+	if response.Truncated {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request)
+	}
+	return &response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeTCP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	err = transport.WriteMessage(conn, 0, request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return transport.ReadMessage(conn)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) nameList(name string) []string {
+	l := len(name)
+	rooted := l > 0 && name[l-1] == '.'
+	if l > 254 || l == 254 && !rooted {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if rooted {
+		if avoidDNS(name) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return []string{name}
+	}
+
+	hasNdots := strings.Count(name, ".") >= t.ndots
+	name += "."
+	// l++
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, 1+len(t.search))
+	if hasNdots && !avoidDNS(name) {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	for _, suffix := range t.search {
+		fqdn := name + suffix
+		if !avoidDNS(fqdn) && len(fqdn) <= 254 {
+			names = append(names, fqdn)
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasNdots && !avoidDNS(name) {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func avoidDNS(name string) bool {
+	if name == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if name[len(name)-1] == '.' {
+		name = name[:len(name)-1]
+	}
+	return strings.HasSuffix(name, ".onion")
+}
--- a/dns/transport/https.go
+++ b/dns/transport/https.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
-	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ func (t *HTTPSTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS
 	startAt := time.Now()
 	response, err := t.exchange(ctx, message)
 	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded) {
+		if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 			t.transportAccess.Lock()
 			defer t.transportAccess.Unlock()
 			if t.transportResetAt.After(startAt) {
--- a/dns/transport/local/local.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local.go
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ package local

 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"math/rand"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfi
 			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
 				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
 			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
-				err = E.New(fqdn, ": empty result")
+				err = dns.RcodeSuccess
 			}
 		}
 		select {
@@ -149,12 +152,6 @@ func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, questio
 	if server.Port == 0 {
 		server.Port = 53
 	}
-	var networks []string
-	if useTCP {
-		networks = []string{N.NetworkTCP}
-	} else {
-		networks = []string{N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkTCP}
-	}
 	request := &mDNS.Msg{
 		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
 			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
@@ -164,41 +161,74 @@ func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, questio
 		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
 		Compress: true,
 	}
-	request.SetEdns0(maxDNSPacketSize, false)
+	request.SetEdns0(buf.UDPBufferSize, false)
+	if !useTCP {
+		return t.exchangeUDP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeUDP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
+			deadline = newDeadline
+		}
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
 	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
 	defer buf.Put(buffer)
-	for _, network := range networks {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(timeout))
-		defer cancel()
-		conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, server)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		defer conn.Close()
-		if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
-			conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
-		}
-		rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
-		}
-		_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
-		}
-		n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
-		}
-		var response mDNS.Msg
-		err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
-		}
-		if response.Truncated && network == N.NetworkUDP {
-			continue
-		}
-		return &response, nil
+	rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
 	}
-	panic("unexpected")
+	_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
+	}
+	n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
+	}
+	var response mDNS.Msg
+	err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
+	}
+	if response.Truncated {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	}
+	return &response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeTCP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
+			deadline = newDeadline
+		}
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	err = transport.WriteMessage(conn, 0, request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return transport.ReadMessage(conn)
 }
--- a/dns/transport/local/resolv.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/resolv.go
@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )

-const (
-	// net.maxDNSPacketSize
-	maxDNSPacketSize = 1232
-)
-
 type resolverConfig struct {
 	initOnce    sync.Once
 	ch          chan struct{}
@@ -104,7 +99,7 @@ func (c *dnsConfig) serverOffset() uint32 {
 	return 0
 }

-func (conf *dnsConfig) nameList(name string) []string {
+func (c *dnsConfig) nameList(name string) []string {
 	l := len(name)
 	rooted := l > 0 && name[l-1] == '.'
 	if l > 254 || l == 254 && !rooted {
@@ -118,15 +113,15 @@ func (conf *dnsConfig) nameList(name string) []string {
 		return []string{name}
 	}

-	hasNdots := strings.Count(name, ".") >= conf.ndots
+	hasNdots := strings.Count(name, ".") >= c.ndots
 	name += "."
 	// l++

-	names := make([]string, 0, 1+len(conf.search))
+	names := make([]string, 0, 1+len(c.search))
 	if hasNdots && !avoidDNS(name) {
 		names = append(names, name)
 	}
-	for _, suffix := range conf.search {
+	for _, suffix := range c.search {
 		fqdn := name + suffix
 		if !avoidDNS(fqdn) && len(fqdn) <= 254 {
 			names = append(names, fqdn)
--- a/docs/changelog.md
+++ b/docs/changelog.md
@@ -2,6 +2,26 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---

+#### 1.12.8
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.5
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.4
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.3
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.2
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 #### 1.12.1

 * Fixes and improvements
--- a/docs/configuration/endpoint/wireguard.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/endpoint/wireguard.zh.md
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ WireGuard MTU。

 ==必填==

-接口的 IPv4/IPv6 地址或地址段的列表您。
+接口的 IPv4/IPv6 地址或地址段的列表。

 要分配给接口的 IP（v4 或 v6）地址段列表。

--- a/docs/configuration/outbound/wireguard.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/outbound/wireguard.zh.md
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ icon: material/delete-clock

 ==必填==

-接口的 IPv4/IPv6 地址或地址段的列表您。
+接口的 IPv4/IPv6 地址或地址段的列表。

 要分配给接口的 IP（v4 或 v6）地址段列表。

--- a/docs/manual/proxy/client.md
+++ b/docs/manual/proxy/client.md
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ flowchart TB
      "inbounds": [
        {
          "type": "tun",
-          "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
+          "address": ["172.19.0.1/30"],
          "auto_route": true,
          // "auto_redirect": true, // On linux
          "strict_route": true
@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@ flowchart TB
      "inbounds": [
        {
          "type": "tun",
-          "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
-          "inet6_address": "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126",
+          "address": ["172.19.0.1/30", "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"],
          "auto_route": true,
          // "auto_redirect": true, // On linux
          "strict_route": true
@@ -233,8 +232,7 @@ flowchart TB
      "inbounds": [
        {
          "type": "tun",
-          "inet4_address": "172.19.0.1/30",
-          "inet6_address": "fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126",
+          "address": ["172.19.0.1/30","fdfe:dcba:9876::1/126"],
          "auto_route": true,
          // "auto_redirect": true, // On linux
          "strict_route": true
--- a/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/manager.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/manager.go
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package trafficontrol
 import (
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/compatible"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/clashapi/compatible"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"

--- a/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/tracker.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/trafficontrol/tracker.go
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package trafficontrol

 import (
 	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
--- a/experimental/libbox/command_urltest.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/command_urltest.go
@@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ func (s *CommandServer) handleURLTest(conn net.Conn) error {
 				return false
 			}
 			_, isGroup := it.(adapter.OutboundGroup)
-			if isGroup {
-				return false
-			}
-			return true
+			return !isGroup
 		})
 		b, _ := batch.New(serviceNow.ctx, batch.WithConcurrencyNum[any](10))
 		for _, detour := range outbounds {
--- a/experimental/libbox/config.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/config.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"
 )

 func BaseContext(platformInterface PlatformInterface) context.Context {
@@ -33,7 +34,9 @@ func BaseContext(platformInterface PlatformInterface) context.Context {
 			})
 		}
 	}
-	return box.Context(context.Background(), include.InboundRegistry(), include.OutboundRegistry(), include.EndpointRegistry(), dnsRegistry, include.ServiceRegistry())
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = filemanager.WithDefault(ctx, sWorkingPath, sTempPath, sUserID, sGroupID)
+	return box.Context(ctx, include.InboundRegistry(), include.OutboundRegistry(), include.EndpointRegistry(), dnsRegistry, include.ServiceRegistry())
 }

 func parseConfig(ctx context.Context, configContent string) (option.Options, error) {
--- a/experimental/libbox/iterator.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/iterator.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ func newIterator[T any](values []T) *iterator[T] {
 	return &iterator[T]{values}
 }

+//go:noinline
 func newPtrIterator[T any](values []T) *iterator[*T] {
 	return &iterator[*T]{common.Map(values, func(value T) *T { return &value })}
 }
--- a/experimental/libbox/service.go
+++ b/experimental/libbox/service.go
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/pause"
 )

@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ type BoxService struct {

 func NewService(configContent string, platformInterface PlatformInterface) (*BoxService, error) {
 	ctx := BaseContext(platformInterface)
-	ctx = filemanager.WithDefault(ctx, sWorkingPath, sTempPath, sUserID, sGroupID)
 	service.MustRegister[deprecated.Manager](ctx, new(deprecatedManager))
 	options, err := parseConfig(ctx, configContent)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/experimental/v2rayapi/stats.go
+++ b/experimental/v2rayapi/stats.go
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func (s *StatsService) RoutedPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.Packet
 		writeCounter = append(writeCounter, s.loadOrCreateCounter("user>>>"+user+">>>traffic>>>downlink"))
 	}
 	s.access.Unlock()
-	return bufio.NewInt64CounterPacketConn(conn, readCounter, writeCounter)
+	return bufio.NewInt64CounterPacketConn(conn, readCounter, nil, writeCounter, nil)
 }

 func (s *StatsService) GetStats(ctx context.Context, request *GetStatsRequest) (*GetStatsResponse, error) {
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func (s *StatsService) GetSysStats(ctx context.Context, request *SysStatsRequest
 	var rtm runtime.MemStats
 	runtime.ReadMemStats(&rtm)
 	response := &SysStatsResponse{
-		Uptime:       uint32(time.Now().Sub(s.createdAt).Seconds()),
+		Uptime:       uint32(time.Since(s.createdAt).Seconds()),
 		NumGoroutine: uint32(runtime.NumGoroutine()),
 		Alloc:        rtm.Alloc,
 		TotalAlloc:   rtm.TotalAlloc,
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/libdns/alidns v1.0.5-libdns.v1.beta1
 	github.com/libdns/cloudflare v0.2.2-0.20250708034226-c574dccb31a6
 	github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible
-	github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20241231083714-66613d49c422
+	github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250516165257-e29c16ae41d4
 	github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.0
 	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.2
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.67
@@ -28,20 +28,19 @@ require (
 	github.com/sagernet/bbolt v0.0.0-20231014093535-ea5cb2fe9f0a
 	github.com/sagernet/cors v1.2.1
 	github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1
-	github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.7
+	github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.8
 	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250325023245-7a9c0f5725fb
 	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-beta.1
-	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.5
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-dns v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.2
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.0-beta.3
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.10
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.2-0.20250909083218-00a55617c0fb
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.0-beta.1
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.6
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.2
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7
 	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2
-	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-mod.5
+	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.1
 	github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7
 	github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
@@ -50,12 +49,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.40.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.26.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.42.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.34.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.73.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6
@@ -142,7 +140,11 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0 // indirect
 	go4.org/mem v0.0.0-20240501181205-ae6ca9944745 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250324211829-b45e905df463 // indirect
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,350 +0,0 @@
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
-github.com/AdguardTeam/golibs v0.32.7 h1:3dmGlAVgmvquCCwHsvEl58KKcRAK3z1UnjMnwSIeDH4=
-github.com/AdguardTeam/golibs v0.32.7/go.mod h1:bE8KV1zqTzgZjmjFyBJ9f9O5DEKO717r7e57j1HclJA=
-github.com/ajg/form v1.5.1 h1:t9c7v8JUKu/XxOGBU0yjNpaMloxGEJhUkqFRq0ibGeU=
-github.com/ajg/form v1.5.1/go.mod h1:uL1WgH+h2mgNtvBq0339dVnzXdBETtL2LeUXaIv25UY=
-github.com/akutz/memconn v0.1.0 h1:NawI0TORU4hcOMsMr11g7vwlCdkYeLKXBcxWu2W/P8A=
-github.com/akutz/memconn v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Jo8rI7m0NieZyLI5e2CDlRdRqRRB4S7Xp77ukDjH+Fw=
-github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa h1:LHTHcTQiSGT7VVbI0o4wBRNQIgn917usHWOd6VAffYI=
-github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa/go.mod h1:cEWa1LVoE5KvSD9ONXsZrj0z6KqySlCCNKHlLzbqAt4=
-github.com/ameshkov/dnsstamps v1.0.3 h1:Srzik+J9mivH1alRACTbys2xOxs0lRH9qnTA7Y1OYVo=
-github.com/ameshkov/dnsstamps v1.0.3/go.mod h1:Ii3eUu73dx4Vw5O4wjzmT5+lkCwovjzaEZZ4gKyIH5A=
-github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.1.0 h1:eLKJA0d02Lf0mVpIDgYnqXcUn0GqVmEFny3VuID1U3M=
-github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.1.0/go.mod h1:sms7XGricyQI9K10gOSf56VKKWS4oLer58Q+mhRPtnY=
-github.com/anytls/sing-anytls v0.0.8 h1:1u/fnH1HoeeMV5mX7/eUOjLBvPdkd1UJRmXiRi6Vymc=
-github.com/anytls/sing-anytls v0.0.8/go.mod h1:7rjN6IukwysmdusYsrV51Fgu1uW6vsrdd6ctjnEAln8=
-github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.13.0 h1:bAQ9OPNFYbGHV6Nez0tmNI0RiEu7/hxlYJRUA0wFAVE=
-github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.13.0/go.mod h1:7hO7Gc7Pp1vODcmWvKMRA9BNmbv6a/7QIWpPxHddWR8=
-github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.23.0 h1:CfpZ/50jMfG4+1J/u2LV6piJq4HOfO6ppOnOf7DkFEU=
-github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.23.0/go.mod h1:9mEZIWqqWoI+Gf+4Trh04MOVPD0tGSxtqsxg87hAIH4=
-github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3 h1:onS+pxp3M8HnHpN5MMbOMyNjmTheJyWRaZYwn+YTAyA=
-github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3/go.mod h1:CxA0acn7oEGO6//4rtrRjYgEoa4MFw/XofZnrYwGqG4=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.15.0 h1:7NxJhNiBT3NG8pZJ3c+yfrVdHY8ScgKD27sScgjLMMk=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.15.0/go.mod h1:DHp1WyrLeiBh19Cf/tfiSMhqheEiK8fXFZ4No0P1Hso=
-github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.13 h1:f3QZdXy7uGVz+4uCJy2nTZyM0yTBj8yANEHhqlXZ9FE=
-github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.13/go.mod h1:LNVeNrXQZfe5qhS9ALED3uA+l5pPqvwXg3CKoDBB2gs=
-github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.1-0.20240112124308-65c67c9f46e6 h1:8h5+bWd7R6AYUslN6c6iuZWTKsKxUFDlpnmilO6R2n0=
-github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.1-0.20240112124308-65c67c9f46e6/go.mod h1:Qe8Bv2Xik5FyTXwgIbLAnv2sWSBmvWdFETJConOQ//Q=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
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-github.com/cretz/bine v0.2.0/go.mod h1:WU4o9QR9wWp8AVKtTM1XD5vUHkEqnf2vVSo6dBqbetI=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
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-github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20240119213807-a09d6be7affa/go.mod h1:Nx87SkVqTKd8UtT+xu7sM/l+LgXs6c0aHrlKusR+2EQ=
-github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go/v4 v4.0.0-preview1 h1:CaO/zOnF8VvUfEbhRatPcwKVWamvbYd8tQGRWacE9kU=
-github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go/v4 v4.0.0-preview1/go.mod h1:+hnT3ywWDTAFrW5aE+u2Sa/wT555ZqwoCS+pk3p6ry4=
-github.com/digitalocean/go-smbios v0.0.0-20180907143718-390a4f403a8e h1:vUmf0yezR0y7jJ5pceLHthLaYf4bA5T14B6q39S4q2Q=
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-github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.11.1 h1:5Uv5XwsaFBRo4E5VBcb9TzY8B7zxFf+U7isDxqOrRfc=
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-github.com/go-chi/render v1.0.3/go.mod h1:/gr3hVkmYR0YlEy3LxCuVRFzEu9Ruok+gFqbIofjao0=
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-github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
-github.com/gorilla/csrf v1.7.3-0.20250123201450-9dd6af1f6d30 h1:fiJdrgVBkjZ5B1HJ2WQwNOaXB+QyYcNXTA3t1XYLz0M=
-github.com/gorilla/csrf v1.7.3-0.20250123201450-9dd6af1f6d30/go.mod h1:F1Fj3KG23WYHE6gozCmBAezKookxbIvUJT+121wTuLk=
-github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 h1:YCIWL56dvtr73r6715mJs5ZvhtnY73hBvEF8kXD8ePA=
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--- a/option/dns.go
+++ b/option/dns.go
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ func rewriteRcodeAction(rcodeMap map[string]int, ruleAction *DNSRuleAction) {
 	}
 	ruleAction.Action = C.RuleActionTypePredefined
 	ruleAction.PredefinedOptions.Rcode = common.Ptr(DNSRCode(rcode))
-	return
 }

 type DNSClientOptions struct {
--- a/protocol/anytls/inbound.go
+++ b/protocol/anytls/inbound.go
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (h *inboundHandler) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, sou
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	metadata.InboundOptions = h.listener.ListenOptions().InboundOptions
 	metadata.Source = source
-	metadata.Destination = destination
+	metadata.Destination = destination.Unwrap()
 	if userName, _ := auth.UserFromContext[string](ctx); userName != "" {
 		metadata.User = userName
 		h.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "[", userName, "] inbound connection to ", metadata.Destination)
--- a/protocol/direct/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/direct/outbound.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
@@ -164,26 +163,7 @@ func (h *Outbound) DialParallel(ctx context.Context, network string, destination
 	case N.NetworkUDP:
 		h.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "outbound packet connection to ", destination)
 	}
-	var domainStrategy C.DomainStrategy
-	if h.domainStrategy != C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-		domainStrategy = h.domainStrategy
-	} else {
-		//nolint:staticcheck
-		domainStrategy = C.DomainStrategy(metadata.InboundOptions.DomainStrategy)
-	}
-	switch domainStrategy {
-	case C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only:
-		destinationAddresses = common.Filter(destinationAddresses, netip.Addr.Is4)
-		if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("no IPv4 address available for ", destination)
-		}
-	case C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only:
-		destinationAddresses = common.Filter(destinationAddresses, netip.Addr.Is6)
-		if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("no IPv6 address available for ", destination)
-		}
-	}
-	return dialer.DialParallelNetwork(ctx, h.dialer, network, destination, destinationAddresses, domainStrategy == C.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6, nil, nil, nil, h.fallbackDelay)
+	return dialer.DialParallelNetwork(ctx, h.dialer, network, destination, destinationAddresses, len(destinationAddresses) > 0 && destinationAddresses[0].Is6(), nil, nil, nil, h.fallbackDelay)
 }

 func (h *Outbound) DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, networkStrategy *C.NetworkStrategy, networkType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackNetworkType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
@@ -204,26 +184,7 @@ func (h *Outbound) DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, dest
 	case N.NetworkUDP:
 		h.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "outbound packet connection to ", destination)
 	}
-	var domainStrategy C.DomainStrategy
-	if h.domainStrategy != C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-		domainStrategy = h.domainStrategy
-	} else {
-		//nolint:staticcheck
-		domainStrategy = C.DomainStrategy(metadata.InboundOptions.DomainStrategy)
-	}
-	switch domainStrategy {
-	case C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only:
-		destinationAddresses = common.Filter(destinationAddresses, netip.Addr.Is4)
-		if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("no IPv4 address available for ", destination)
-		}
-	case C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only:
-		destinationAddresses = common.Filter(destinationAddresses, netip.Addr.Is6)
-		if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("no IPv6 address available for ", destination)
-		}
-	}
-	return dialer.DialParallelNetwork(ctx, h.dialer, network, destination, destinationAddresses, domainStrategy == C.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6, networkStrategy, networkType, fallbackNetworkType, fallbackDelay)
+	return dialer.DialParallelNetwork(ctx, h.dialer, network, destination, destinationAddresses, len(destinationAddresses) > 0 && destinationAddresses[0].Is6(), networkStrategy, networkType, fallbackNetworkType, fallbackDelay)
 }

 func (h *Outbound) ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, networkStrategy *C.NetworkStrategy, networkType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackNetworkType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error) {
--- a/protocol/group/selector.go
+++ b/protocol/group/selector.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ type Selector struct {
 	tags                         []string
 	defaultTag                   string
 	outbounds                    map[string]adapter.Outbound
-	selected                     atomic.TypedValue[adapter.Outbound]
+	selected                     common.TypedValue[adapter.Outbound]
 	interruptGroup               *interrupt.Group
 	interruptExternalConnections bool
 }
--- a/protocol/group/urltest.go
+++ b/protocol/group/urltest.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/batch"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ type URLTestGroup struct {
 	ticker                       *time.Ticker
 	close                        chan struct{}
 	started                      bool
-	lastActive                   atomic.TypedValue[time.Time]
+	lastActive                   common.TypedValue[time.Time]
 }

 func NewURLTestGroup(ctx context.Context, outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager, logger log.Logger, outbounds []adapter.Outbound, link string, interval time.Duration, tolerance uint16, idleTimeout time.Duration, interruptExternalConnections bool) (*URLTestGroup, error) {
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func (g *URLTestGroup) Select(network string) (adapter.Outbound, bool) {
 }

 func (g *URLTestGroup) loopCheck() {
-	if time.Now().Sub(g.lastActive.Load()) > g.interval {
+	if time.Since(g.lastActive.Load()) > g.interval {
 		g.lastActive.Store(time.Now())
 		g.CheckOutbounds(false)
 	}
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ func (g *URLTestGroup) loopCheck() {
 			return
 		case <-g.ticker.C:
 		}
-		if time.Now().Sub(g.lastActive.Load()) > g.idleTimeout {
+		if time.Since(g.lastActive.Load()) > g.idleTimeout {
 			g.access.Lock()
 			g.ticker.Stop()
 			g.ticker = nil
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func (g *URLTestGroup) urlTest(ctx context.Context, force bool) (map[string]uint
 			continue
 		}
 		history := g.history.LoadURLTestHistory(realTag)
-		if !force && history != nil && time.Now().Sub(history.Time) < g.interval {
+		if !force && history != nil && time.Since(history.Time) < g.interval {
 			continue
 		}
 		checked[realTag] = true
--- a/protocol/mixed/inbound.go
+++ b/protocol/mixed/inbound.go
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/inbound"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/listener"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/uot"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/auth"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ type Inbound struct {
 	logger        log.ContextLogger
 	listener      *listener.Listener
 	authenticator *auth.Authenticator
+	tlsConfig     tls.ServerConfig
 }

 func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.HTTPMixedInboundOptions) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
@@ -42,6 +45,13 @@ func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLo
 		logger:        logger,
 		authenticator: auth.NewAuthenticator(options.Users),
 	}
+	if options.TLS != nil {
+		tlsConfig, err := tls.NewServer(ctx, logger, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		inbound.tlsConfig = tlsConfig
+	}
 	inbound.listener = listener.New(listener.Options{
 		Context:           ctx,
 		Logger:            logger,
@@ -58,11 +68,20 @@ func (h *Inbound) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if h.tlsConfig != nil {
+		err := h.tlsConfig.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "create TLS config")
+		}
+	}
 	return h.listener.Start()
 }

 func (h *Inbound) Close() error {
-	return h.listener.Close()
+	return common.Close(
+		h.listener,
+		h.tlsConfig,
+	)
 }

 func (h *Inbound) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
@@ -78,6 +97,13 @@ func (h *Inbound) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata a
 }

 func (h *Inbound) newConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) error {
+	if h.tlsConfig != nil {
+		tlsConn, err := tls.ServerHandshake(ctx, conn, h.tlsConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "TLS handshake")
+		}
+		conn = tlsConn
+	}
 	reader := std_bufio.NewReader(conn)
 	headerBytes, err := reader.Peek(1)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/protocol/naive/inbound.go
+++ b/protocol/naive/inbound.go
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func (n *Inbound) ServeHTTP(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		hostPort = request.Host
 	}
 	source := sHttp.SourceAddress(request)
-	destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(hostPort)
+	destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(hostPort).Unwrap()

 	if hijacker, isHijacker := writer.(http.Hijacker); isHijacker {
 		conn, _, err := hijacker.Hijack()
--- a/protocol/shadowsocks/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/shadowsocks/outbound.go
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ func (h *Outbound) InterfaceUpdated() {
 	if h.multiplexDialer != nil {
 		h.multiplexDialer.Reset()
 	}
-	return
 }

 func (h *Outbound) Close() error {
--- a/protocol/ssh/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/ssh/outbound.go
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ func (s *Outbound) connect() (*ssh.Client, error) {

 func (s *Outbound) InterfaceUpdated() {
 	common.Close(s.clientConn)
-	return
 }

 func (s *Outbound) Close() error {
--- a/protocol/trojan/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/trojan/outbound.go
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ func (h *Outbound) InterfaceUpdated() {
 	if h.multiplexDialer != nil {
 		h.multiplexDialer.Reset()
 	}
-	return
 }

 func (h *Outbound) Close() error {
--- a/protocol/tun/inbound.go
+++ b/protocol/tun/inbound.go
@@ -137,6 +137,9 @@ func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLo
 		if platformInterface != nil && platformInterface.UnderNetworkExtension() {
 			// In Network Extension, when MTU exceeds 4064 (4096-UTUN_IF_HEADROOM_SIZE), the performance of tun will drop significantly, which may be a system bug.
 			tunMTU = 4064
+		} else if C.IsAndroid {
+			// Some Android devices report ENOBUFS when using MTU 65535
+			tunMTU = 9000
 		} else {
 			tunMTU = 65535
 		}
--- a/protocol/vless/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/vless/outbound.go
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ func (h *Outbound) InterfaceUpdated() {
 	if h.multiplexDialer != nil {
 		h.multiplexDialer.Reset()
 	}
-	return
 }

 func (h *Outbound) Close() error {
--- a/protocol/vmess/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/vmess/outbound.go
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ func (h *Outbound) InterfaceUpdated() {
 	if h.multiplexDialer != nil {
 		h.multiplexDialer.Reset()
 	}
-	return
 }

 func (h *Outbound) Close() error {
--- a/route/network.go
+++ b/route/network.go
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ var _ adapter.NetworkManager = (*NetworkManager)(nil)
 type NetworkManager struct {
 	logger            logger.ContextLogger
 	interfaceFinder   *control.DefaultInterfaceFinder
-	networkInterfaces atomic.TypedValue[[]adapter.NetworkInterface]
+	networkInterfaces common.TypedValue[[]adapter.NetworkInterface]

 	autoDetectInterface    bool
 	defaultOptions         adapter.NetworkOptions
@@ -312,7 +311,7 @@ func (r *NetworkManager) AutoDetectInterfaceFunc() control.Func {
 		if r.interfaceMonitor == nil {
 			return nil
 		}
-		bindFunc := control.BindToInterfaceFunc(r.interfaceFinder, func(network string, address string) (interfaceName string, interfaceIndex int, err error) {
+		return control.BindToInterfaceFunc(r.interfaceFinder, func(network string, address string) (interfaceName string, interfaceIndex int, err error) {
 			remoteAddr := M.ParseSocksaddr(address).Addr
 			if remoteAddr.IsValid() {
 				iif, err := r.interfaceFinder.ByAddr(remoteAddr)
@@ -326,16 +325,6 @@ func (r *NetworkManager) AutoDetectInterfaceFunc() control.Func {
 			}
 			return defaultInterface.Name, defaultInterface.Index, nil
 		})
-		return func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
-			err := bindFunc(network, address, conn)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if r.autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
-				return control.RoutingMark(r.autoRedirectOutputMark)(network, address, conn)
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
 	}
 }

@@ -366,6 +355,15 @@ func (r *NetworkManager) AutoRedirectOutputMark() uint32 {
 	return r.autoRedirectOutputMark
 }

+func (r *NetworkManager) AutoRedirectOutputMarkFunc() control.Func {
+	return func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
+		if r.autoRedirectOutputMark == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return control.RoutingMark(r.autoRedirectOutputMark)(network, address, conn)
+	}
+}
+
 func (r *NetworkManager) NetworkMonitor() tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor {
 	return r.networkMonitor
 }
--- a/route/route.go
+++ b/route/route.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -27,6 +26,8 @@ import (
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/uot"
+
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )

 // Deprecated: use RouteConnectionEx instead.
@@ -345,16 +346,16 @@ func (r *Router) matchRule(
 			newBuffer, newPackerBuffers, newErr := r.actionSniff(ctx, metadata, &R.RuleActionSniff{
 				OverrideDestination: metadata.InboundOptions.SniffOverrideDestination,
 				Timeout:             time.Duration(metadata.InboundOptions.SniffTimeout),
-			}, inputConn, inputPacketConn, nil)
-			if newErr != nil {
-				fatalErr = newErr
-				return
-			}
+			}, inputConn, inputPacketConn, nil, nil)
 			if newBuffer != nil {
 				buffers = []*buf.Buffer{newBuffer}
 			} else if len(newPackerBuffers) > 0 {
 				packetBuffers = newPackerBuffers
 			}
+			if newErr != nil {
+				fatalErr = newErr
+				return
+			}
 		}
 		if C.DomainStrategy(metadata.InboundOptions.DomainStrategy) != C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
 			fatalErr = r.actionResolve(ctx, metadata, &R.RuleActionResolve{
@@ -456,16 +457,16 @@ match:
 		switch action := currentRule.Action().(type) {
 		case *R.RuleActionSniff:
 			if !preMatch {
-				newBuffer, newPacketBuffers, newErr := r.actionSniff(ctx, metadata, action, inputConn, inputPacketConn, buffers)
-				if newErr != nil {
-					fatalErr = newErr
-					return
-				}
+				newBuffer, newPacketBuffers, newErr := r.actionSniff(ctx, metadata, action, inputConn, inputPacketConn, buffers, packetBuffers)
 				if newBuffer != nil {
 					buffers = append(buffers, newBuffer)
 				} else if len(newPacketBuffers) > 0 {
 					packetBuffers = append(packetBuffers, newPacketBuffers...)
 				}
+				if newErr != nil {
+					fatalErr = newErr
+					return
+				}
 			} else {
 				selectedRule = currentRule
 				selectedRuleIndex = currentRuleIndex
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ match:

 func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 	ctx context.Context, metadata *adapter.InboundContext, action *R.RuleActionSniff,
-	inputConn net.Conn, inputPacketConn N.PacketConn, inputBuffers []*buf.Buffer,
+	inputConn net.Conn, inputPacketConn N.PacketConn, inputBuffers []*buf.Buffer, inputPacketBuffers []*N.PacketBuffer,
 ) (buffer *buf.Buffer, packetBuffers []*N.PacketBuffer, fatalErr error) {
 	if sniff.Skip(metadata) {
 		r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniff skipped due to port considered as server-first")
@@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 	if inputConn != nil {
 		if len(action.StreamSniffers) == 0 && len(action.PacketSniffers) > 0 {
 			return
-		} else if metadata.SniffError != nil && !errors.Is(metadata.SniffError, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) {
+		} else if slices.Equal(metadata.SnifferNames, action.SnifferNames) && metadata.SniffError != nil && !errors.Is(metadata.SniffError, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) {
 			r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "packet sniff skipped due to previous error: ", metadata.SniffError)
 			return
 		}
@@ -531,6 +532,7 @@ func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 			action.Timeout,
 			streamSniffers...,
 		)
+		metadata.SnifferNames = action.SnifferNames
 		metadata.SniffError = err
 		if err == nil {
 			//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
@@ -556,10 +558,13 @@ func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 	} else if inputPacketConn != nil {
 		if len(action.PacketSniffers) == 0 && len(action.StreamSniffers) > 0 {
 			return
-		} else if metadata.SniffError != nil && !errors.Is(metadata.SniffError, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) {
+		} else if slices.Equal(metadata.SnifferNames, action.SnifferNames) && metadata.SniffError != nil && !errors.Is(metadata.SniffError, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) {
 			r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "packet sniff skipped due to previous error: ", metadata.SniffError)
 			return
 		}
+		quicMoreData := func() bool {
+			return slices.Equal(metadata.SnifferNames, action.SnifferNames) && errors.Is(metadata.SniffError, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)
+		}
 		var packetSniffers []sniff.PacketSniffer
 		if len(action.PacketSniffers) > 0 {
 			packetSniffers = action.PacketSniffers
@@ -574,12 +579,37 @@ func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 				sniff.NTP,
 			}
 		}
+		var err error
+		for _, packetBuffer := range inputPacketBuffers {
+			if quicMoreData() {
+				err = sniff.PeekPacket(
+					ctx,
+					metadata,
+					packetBuffer.Buffer.Bytes(),
+					sniff.QUICClientHello,
+				)
+			} else {
+				err = sniff.PeekPacket(
+					ctx, metadata,
+					packetBuffer.Buffer.Bytes(),
+					packetSniffers...,
+				)
+			}
+			metadata.SnifferNames = action.SnifferNames
+			metadata.SniffError = err
+			if errors.Is(err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) {
+				// TODO: replace with generic message when there are more multi-packet protocols
+				r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "attempt to sniff fragmented QUIC client hello")
+				continue
+			}
+			goto finally
+		}
+		packetBuffers = inputPacketBuffers
 		for {
 			var (
 				sniffBuffer = buf.NewPacket()
 				destination M.Socksaddr
 				done        = make(chan struct{})
-				err         error
 			)
 			go func() {
 				sniffTimeout := C.ReadPayloadTimeout
@@ -600,12 +630,12 @@ func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 			}
 			if err != nil {
 				sniffBuffer.Release()
-				if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded) {
+				if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 					fatalErr = err
 					return
 				}
 			} else {
-				if len(packetBuffers) > 0 || metadata.SniffError != nil {
+				if quicMoreData() {
 					err = sniff.PeekPacket(
 						ctx,
 						metadata,
@@ -625,32 +655,34 @@ func (r *Router) actionSniff(
 					Destination: destination,
 				}
 				packetBuffers = append(packetBuffers, packetBuffer)
+				metadata.SnifferNames = action.SnifferNames
 				metadata.SniffError = err
 				if errors.Is(err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) {
 					// TODO: replace with generic message when there are more multi-packet protocols
 					r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "attempt to sniff fragmented QUIC client hello")
 					continue
 				}
-				if metadata.Protocol != "" {
-					//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
-					if action.OverrideDestination && M.IsDomainName(metadata.Domain) {
-						metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{
-							Fqdn: metadata.Domain,
-							Port: metadata.Destination.Port,
-						}
-					}
-					if metadata.Domain != "" && metadata.Client != "" {
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol, ", domain: ", metadata.Domain, ", client: ", metadata.Client)
-					} else if metadata.Domain != "" {
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol, ", domain: ", metadata.Domain)
-					} else if metadata.Client != "" {
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol, ", client: ", metadata.Client)
-					} else {
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol)
-					}
+			}
+			goto finally
+		}
+	finally:
+		if err == nil {
+			//goland:noinspection GoDeprecation
+			if action.OverrideDestination && M.IsDomainName(metadata.Domain) {
+				metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{
+					Fqdn: metadata.Domain,
+					Port: metadata.Destination.Port,
 				}
 			}
-			break
+			if metadata.Domain != "" && metadata.Client != "" {
+				r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol, ", domain: ", metadata.Domain, ", client: ", metadata.Client)
+			} else if metadata.Domain != "" {
+				r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol, ", domain: ", metadata.Domain)
+			} else if metadata.Client != "" {
+				r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol, ", client: ", metadata.Client)
+			} else {
+				r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "sniffed packet protocol: ", metadata.Protocol)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return
@@ -678,11 +710,6 @@ func (r *Router) actionResolve(ctx context.Context, metadata *adapter.InboundCon
 		}
 		metadata.DestinationAddresses = addresses
 		r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "resolved [", strings.Join(F.MapToString(metadata.DestinationAddresses), " "), "]")
-		if metadata.Destination.IsIPv4() {
-			metadata.IPVersion = 4
-		} else if metadata.Destination.IsIPv6() {
-			metadata.IPVersion = 6
-		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/route/rule/rule_action.go
+++ b/route/rule/rule_action.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func NewRuleAction(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, action opti
 		return &RuleActionHijackDNS{}, nil
 	case C.RuleActionTypeSniff:
 		sniffAction := &RuleActionSniff{
-			snifferNames: action.SniffOptions.Sniffer,
+			SnifferNames: action.SniffOptions.Sniffer,
 			Timeout:      time.Duration(action.SniffOptions.Timeout),
 		}
 		return sniffAction, sniffAction.build()
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ func (r *RuleActionHijackDNS) String() string {
 }

 type RuleActionSniff struct {
-	snifferNames   []string
+	SnifferNames   []string
 	StreamSniffers []sniff.StreamSniffer
 	PacketSniffers []sniff.PacketSniffer
 	Timeout        time.Duration
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ func (r *RuleActionSniff) Type() string {
 }

 func (r *RuleActionSniff) build() error {
-	for _, name := range r.snifferNames {
+	for _, name := range r.SnifferNames {
 		switch name {
 		case C.ProtocolTLS:
 			r.StreamSniffers = append(r.StreamSniffers, sniff.TLSClientHello)
@@ -412,14 +412,14 @@ func (r *RuleActionSniff) build() error {
 }

 func (r *RuleActionSniff) String() string {
-	if len(r.snifferNames) == 0 && r.Timeout == 0 {
+	if len(r.SnifferNames) == 0 && r.Timeout == 0 {
 		return "sniff"
-	} else if len(r.snifferNames) > 0 && r.Timeout == 0 {
-		return F.ToString("sniff(", strings.Join(r.snifferNames, ","), ")")
-	} else if len(r.snifferNames) == 0 && r.Timeout > 0 {
+	} else if len(r.SnifferNames) > 0 && r.Timeout == 0 {
+		return F.ToString("sniff(", strings.Join(r.SnifferNames, ","), ")")
+	} else if len(r.SnifferNames) == 0 && r.Timeout > 0 {
 		return F.ToString("sniff(", r.Timeout.String(), ")")
 	} else {
-		return F.ToString("sniff(", strings.Join(r.snifferNames, ","), ",", r.Timeout.String(), ")")
+		return F.ToString("sniff(", strings.Join(r.SnifferNames, ","), ",", r.Timeout.String(), ")")
 	}
 }

--- a/route/rule/rule_set_local.go
+++ b/route/rule/rule_set_local.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"

 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ import (
 var _ adapter.RuleSet = (*LocalRuleSet)(nil)

 type LocalRuleSet struct {
-	ctx            context.Context
-	logger         logger.Logger
-	tag            string
-	rules          []adapter.HeadlessRule
-	metadata       adapter.RuleSetMetadata
-	fileFormat     string
-	watcher        *fswatch.Watcher
-	callbackAccess sync.Mutex
-	callbacks      list.List[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]
-	refs           atomic.Int32
+	ctx        context.Context
+	logger     logger.Logger
+	tag        string
+	access     sync.RWMutex
+	rules      []adapter.HeadlessRule
+	metadata   adapter.RuleSetMetadata
+	fileFormat string
+	watcher    *fswatch.Watcher
+	callbacks  list.List[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]
+	refs       atomic.Int32
 }

 func NewLocalRuleSet(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.RuleSet) (*LocalRuleSet, error) {
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ func (s *LocalRuleSet) reloadRules(headlessRules []option.HeadlessRule) error {
 	metadata.ContainsProcessRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
 	metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
 	metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(headlessRules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
+	s.access.Lock()
 	s.rules = rules
 	s.metadata = metadata
-	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
 	callbacks := s.callbacks.Array()
-	s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.access.Unlock()
 	for _, callback := range callbacks {
 		callback(s)
 	}
@@ -157,10 +157,14 @@ func (s *LocalRuleSet) PostStart() error {
 }

 func (s *LocalRuleSet) Metadata() adapter.RuleSetMetadata {
+	s.access.RLock()
+	defer s.access.RUnlock()
 	return s.metadata
 }

 func (s *LocalRuleSet) ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet {
+	s.access.RLock()
+	defer s.access.RUnlock()
 	return common.FlatMap(s.rules, extractIPSetFromRule)
 }

@@ -181,14 +185,14 @@ func (s *LocalRuleSet) Cleanup() {
 }

 func (s *LocalRuleSet) RegisterCallback(callback adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback) *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback] {
-	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
-	defer s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	return s.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
 }

 func (s *LocalRuleSet) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]) {
-	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
-	defer s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	s.callbacks.Remove(element)
 }

--- a/route/rule/rule_set_remote.go
+++ b/route/rule/rule_set_remote.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
@@ -40,16 +40,16 @@ type RemoteRuleSet struct {
 	logger         logger.ContextLogger
 	outbound       adapter.OutboundManager
 	options        option.RuleSet
-	metadata       adapter.RuleSetMetadata
 	updateInterval time.Duration
 	dialer         N.Dialer
+	access         sync.RWMutex
 	rules          []adapter.HeadlessRule
+	metadata       adapter.RuleSetMetadata
 	lastUpdated    time.Time
 	lastEtag       string
 	updateTicker   *time.Ticker
 	cacheFile      adapter.CacheFile
 	pauseManager   pause.Manager
-	callbackAccess sync.Mutex
 	callbacks      list.List[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]
 	refs           atomic.Int32
 }
@@ -120,10 +120,14 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) PostStart() error {
 }

 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Metadata() adapter.RuleSetMetadata {
+	s.access.RLock()
+	defer s.access.RUnlock()
 	return s.metadata
 }

 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet {
+	s.access.RLock()
+	defer s.access.RUnlock()
 	return common.FlatMap(s.rules, extractIPSetFromRule)
 }

@@ -144,14 +148,14 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) Cleanup() {
 }

 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) RegisterCallback(callback adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback) *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback] {
-	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
-	defer s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	return s.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
 }

 func (s *RemoteRuleSet) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]) {
-	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
-	defer s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.access.Lock()
+	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	s.callbacks.Remove(element)
 }

@@ -185,13 +189,13 @@ func (s *RemoteRuleSet) loadBytes(content []byte) error {
 			return E.Cause(err, "parse rule_set.rules.[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
+	s.access.Lock()
 	s.metadata.ContainsProcessRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isProcessHeadlessRule)
 	s.metadata.ContainsWIFIRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isWIFIHeadlessRule)
 	s.metadata.ContainsIPCIDRRule = hasHeadlessRule(plainRuleSet.Rules, isIPCIDRHeadlessRule)
 	s.rules = rules
-	s.callbackAccess.Lock()
 	callbacks := s.callbacks.Array()
-	s.callbackAccess.Unlock()
+	s.access.Unlock()
 	for _, callback := range callbacks {
 		callback(s)
 	}
--- a/service/resolved/resolve1.go
+++ b/service/resolved/resolve1.go
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ func (t *resolve1Manager) logRequest(sender dbus.Sender, message ...any) context
 		} else if metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId != 0 {
 			prefix = F.ToString("uid:", metadata.ProcessInfo.UserId)
 		}
-		t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "(", prefix, ") ", F.ToString(message...))
+		t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "(", prefix, ") ", strings.Join(F.MapToString(message), " "))
 	} else {
-		t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, F.ToString(message...))
+		t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, strings.Join(F.MapToString(message), " "))
 	}
 	return adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata)
 }
@@ -280,7 +280,10 @@ func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveAddress(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, fami
 		},
 	}
 	ctx := t.logRequest(sender, "ResolveAddress ", link.iif.Name, familyToString(family), addr, flags)
-	response, lookupErr := t.dnsRouter.Exchange(ctx, request, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
+	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
+	metadata.InboundType = t.Type()
+	metadata.Inbound = t.Tag()
+	response, lookupErr := t.dnsRouter.Exchange(adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata), request, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
 	if lookupErr != nil {
 		err = wrapError(err)
 		return
@@ -301,7 +304,7 @@ func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveAddress(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, fami
 	return
 }

-func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveRecord(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, family int32, hostname string, qClass uint16, qType uint16, flags uint64) (records []ResourceRecord, outflags uint64, err *dbus.Error) {
+func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveRecord(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, hostname string, qClass uint16, qType uint16, flags uint64) (records []ResourceRecord, outflags uint64, err *dbus.Error) {
 	t.linkAccess.Lock()
 	link, err := t.getLink(ifIndex)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -320,8 +323,11 @@ func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveRecord(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, famil
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	ctx := t.logRequest(sender, "ResolveRecord ", link.iif.Name, familyToString(family), hostname, mDNS.Class(qClass), mDNS.Type(qType), flags)
-	response, exchangeErr := t.dnsRouter.Exchange(ctx, request, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
+	ctx := t.logRequest(sender, "ResolveRecord", link.iif.Name, hostname, mDNS.Class(qClass), mDNS.Type(qType), flags)
+	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
+	metadata.InboundType = t.Type()
+	metadata.Inbound = t.Tag()
+	response, exchangeErr := t.dnsRouter.Exchange(adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata), request, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
 	if exchangeErr != nil {
 		err = wrapError(exchangeErr)
 		return
@@ -341,6 +347,7 @@ func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveRecord(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, famil
 			err = wrapError(unpackErr)
 		}
 		record.Data = data
+		records = append(records, record)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -380,8 +387,10 @@ func (t *resolve1Manager) ResolveService(sender dbus.Sender, ifIndex int32, host
 			},
 		},
 	}
-
-	srvResponse, exchangeErr := t.dnsRouter.Exchange(ctx, srvRequest, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
+	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
+	metadata.InboundType = t.Type()
+	metadata.Inbound = t.Tag()
+	srvResponse, exchangeErr := t.dnsRouter.Exchange(adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata), srvRequest, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
 	if exchangeErr != nil {
 		err = wrapError(exchangeErr)
 		return
--- a/service/resolved/service.go
+++ b/service/resolved/service.go
@@ -91,11 +91,6 @@ func (i *Service) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 				return E.New("multiple resolved service are not supported")
 			}
 		}
-	case adapter.StartStateStart:
-		err := i.listener.Start()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
 		systemBus, err := dbus.SystemBus()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -117,6 +112,11 @@ func (i *Service) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 			return E.New("unknown request name reply: ", reply)
 		}
 		i.networkUpdateCallback = i.network.NetworkMonitor().RegisterCallback(i.onNetworkUpdate)
+	case adapter.StartStateStart:
+		err := i.listener.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ func (i *Service) exchangePacket0(ctx context.Context, buffer *buf.Buffer, oob [
 	}
 	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
 	metadata.Source = source
+	metadata.InboundType = i.Type()
+	metadata.Inbound = i.Tag()
 	response, err := i.dnsRouter.Exchange(adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata), &message, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/service/ssmapi/api.go
+++ b/service/ssmapi/api.go
@@ -156,18 +156,14 @@ func (s *APIServer) deleteUser(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request
 }

 func (s *APIServer) getStats(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-	requireClear := chi.URLParam(request, "clear") == "true"
+	requireClear := request.URL.Query().Get("clear") == "true"

 	users := s.user.List()
-	s.traffic.ReadUsers(users)
+	s.traffic.ReadUsers(users, requireClear)
 	for i := range users {
 		users[i].Password = ""
 	}
-	uplinkBytes, downlinkBytes, uplinkPackets, downlinkPackets, tcpSessions, udpSessions := s.traffic.ReadGlobal()
-
-	if requireClear {
-		s.traffic.Clear()
-	}
+	uplinkBytes, downlinkBytes, uplinkPackets, downlinkPackets, tcpSessions, udpSessions := s.traffic.ReadGlobal(requireClear)

 	render.JSON(writer, request, render.M{
 		"uplinkBytes":     uplinkBytes,
--- a/service/ssmapi/cache.go
+++ b/service/ssmapi/cache.go
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
+	"sync/atomic"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"
--- a/service/ssmapi/traffic.go
+++ b/service/ssmapi/traffic.go
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package ssmapi
 import (
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )
@@ -142,86 +142,82 @@ func (s *TrafficManager) TrackPacketConnection(conn N.PacketConn, metadata adapt
 	readPacketCounter = append(readPacketCounter, upPacketsCounter)
 	writePacketCounter = append(writePacketCounter, downPacketsCounter)
 	udpSessionCounter.Add(1)
-	return bufio.NewInt64CounterPacketConn(conn, append(readCounter, readPacketCounter...), append(writeCounter, writePacketCounter...))
+	return bufio.NewInt64CounterPacketConn(conn, readCounter, readPacketCounter, writeCounter, writePacketCounter)
 }

 func (s *TrafficManager) ReadUser(user *UserObject) {
 	s.userAccess.Lock()
 	defer s.userAccess.Unlock()
-	s.readUser(user)
+	s.readUser(user, false)
 }

-func (s *TrafficManager) readUser(user *UserObject) {
+func (s *TrafficManager) readUser(user *UserObject, swap bool) {
 	if counter, loaded := s.userUplink[user.UserName]; loaded {
-		user.UplinkBytes = counter.Load()
+		if swap {
+			user.UplinkBytes = counter.Swap(0)
+		} else {
+			user.UplinkBytes = counter.Load()
+		}
 	}
 	if counter, loaded := s.userDownlink[user.UserName]; loaded {
-		user.DownlinkBytes = counter.Load()
+		if swap {
+			user.DownlinkBytes = counter.Swap(0)
+		} else {
+			user.DownlinkBytes = counter.Load()
+		}
 	}
 	if counter, loaded := s.userUplinkPackets[user.UserName]; loaded {
-		user.UplinkPackets = counter.Load()
+		if swap {
+			user.UplinkPackets = counter.Swap(0)
+		} else {
+			user.UplinkPackets = counter.Load()
+		}
 	}
 	if counter, loaded := s.userDownlinkPackets[user.UserName]; loaded {
-		user.DownlinkPackets = counter.Load()
+		if swap {
+			user.DownlinkPackets = counter.Swap(0)
+		} else {
+			user.DownlinkPackets = counter.Load()
+		}
 	}
 	if counter, loaded := s.userTCPSessions[user.UserName]; loaded {
-		user.TCPSessions = counter.Load()
+		if swap {
+			user.TCPSessions = counter.Swap(0)
+		} else {
+			user.TCPSessions = counter.Load()
+		}
 	}
 	if counter, loaded := s.userUDPSessions[user.UserName]; loaded {
-		user.UDPSessions = counter.Load()
+		if swap {
+			user.UDPSessions = counter.Swap(0)
+		} else {
+			user.UDPSessions = counter.Load()
+		}
 	}
 }

-func (s *TrafficManager) ReadUsers(users []*UserObject) {
+func (s *TrafficManager) ReadUsers(users []*UserObject, swap bool) {
 	s.userAccess.Lock()
 	defer s.userAccess.Unlock()
 	for _, user := range users {
-		s.readUser(user)
+		s.readUser(user, swap)
 	}
-	return
 }

-func (s *TrafficManager) ReadGlobal() (
-	uplinkBytes int64,
-	downlinkBytes int64,
-	uplinkPackets int64,
-	downlinkPackets int64,
-	tcpSessions int64,
-	udpSessions int64,
-) {
-	return s.globalUplink.Load(),
-		s.globalDownlink.Load(),
-		s.globalUplinkPackets.Load(),
-		s.globalDownlinkPackets.Load(),
-		s.globalTCPSessions.Load(),
-		s.globalUDPSessions.Load()
-}
-
-func (s *TrafficManager) Clear() {
-	s.globalUplink.Store(0)
-	s.globalDownlink.Store(0)
-	s.globalUplinkPackets.Store(0)
-	s.globalDownlinkPackets.Store(0)
-	s.globalTCPSessions.Store(0)
-	s.globalUDPSessions.Store(0)
-	s.userAccess.Lock()
-	defer s.userAccess.Unlock()
-	for _, counter := range s.userUplink {
-		counter.Store(0)
-	}
-	for _, counter := range s.userDownlink {
-		counter.Store(0)
-	}
-	for _, counter := range s.userUplinkPackets {
-		counter.Store(0)
-	}
-	for _, counter := range s.userDownlinkPackets {
-		counter.Store(0)
-	}
-	for _, counter := range s.userTCPSessions {
-		counter.Store(0)
-	}
-	for _, counter := range s.userUDPSessions {
-		counter.Store(0)
+func (s *TrafficManager) ReadGlobal(swap bool) (uplinkBytes int64, downlinkBytes int64, uplinkPackets int64, downlinkPackets int64, tcpSessions int64, udpSessions int64) {
+	if swap {
+		return s.globalUplink.Swap(0),
+			s.globalDownlink.Swap(0),
+			s.globalUplinkPackets.Swap(0),
+			s.globalDownlinkPackets.Swap(0),
+			s.globalTCPSessions.Swap(0),
+			s.globalUDPSessions.Swap(0)
+	} else {
+		return s.globalUplink.Load(),
+			s.globalDownlink.Load(),
+			s.globalUplinkPackets.Load(),
+			s.globalDownlinkPackets.Load(),
+			s.globalTCPSessions.Load(),
+			s.globalUDPSessions.Load()
 	}
 }
--- a/transport/trojan/protocol.go
+++ b/transport/trojan/protocol.go
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ func ReadPacket(conn net.Conn, buffer *buf.Buffer) (M.Socksaddr, error) {
 	}

 	_, err = buffer.ReadFullFrom(conn, int(length))
-	return destination.Unwrap(), err
+	return destination, err
 }

 func WritePacket(conn net.Conn, buffer *buf.Buffer, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
--- a/transport/v2raygrpc/client.go
+++ b/transport/v2raygrpc/client.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ type Client struct {
 	serverAddr  string
 	serviceName string
 	dialOptions []grpc.DialOption
-	conn        *grpc.ClientConn
+	conn        atomic.Pointer[grpc.ClientConn]
 	connAccess  sync.Mutex
 }

@@ -74,13 +75,13 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 }

 func (c *Client) connect() (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
-	conn := c.conn
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
 	if conn != nil && conn.GetState() != connectivity.Shutdown {
 		return conn, nil
 	}
 	c.connAccess.Lock()
 	defer c.connAccess.Unlock()
-	conn = c.conn
+	conn = c.conn.Load()
 	if conn != nil && conn.GetState() != connectivity.Shutdown {
 		return conn, nil
 	}
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ func (c *Client) connect() (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	c.conn = conn
+	c.conn.Store(conn)
 	return conn, nil
 }

@@ -109,11 +110,9 @@ func (c *Client) DialContext(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 }

 func (c *Client) Close() error {
-	c.connAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.connAccess.Unlock()
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		c.conn.Close()
-		c.conn = nil
+	conn := c.conn.Swap(nil)
+	if conn != nil {
+		conn.Close()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/transport/v2rayquic/client.go
+++ b/transport/v2rayquic/client.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ type Client struct {
 	tlsConfig  tls.Config
 	quicConfig *quic.Config
 	connAccess sync.Mutex
-	conn       quic.Connection
+	conn       common.TypedValue[quic.Connection]
 	rawConn    net.Conn
 }

@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, opt
 }

 func (c *Client) offer() (quic.Connection, error) {
-	conn := c.conn
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
 	if conn != nil && !common.Done(conn.Context()) {
 		return conn, nil
 	}
 	c.connAccess.Lock()
 	defer c.connAccess.Unlock()
-	conn = c.conn
+	conn = c.conn.Load()
 	if conn != nil && !common.Done(conn.Context()) {
 		return conn, nil
 	}
@@ -72,14 +72,13 @@ func (c *Client) offerNew() (quic.Connection, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	var packetConn net.PacketConn
-	packetConn = bufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(udpConn)
+	packetConn := bufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(udpConn)
 	quicConn, err := qtls.Dial(c.ctx, packetConn, udpConn.RemoteAddr(), c.tlsConfig, c.quicConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		packetConn.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	c.conn = quicConn
+	c.conn.Store(quicConn)
 	c.rawConn = udpConn
 	return quicConn, nil
 }
@@ -99,13 +98,13 @@ func (c *Client) DialContext(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 func (c *Client) Close() error {
 	c.connAccess.Lock()
 	defer c.connAccess.Unlock()
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		c.conn.CloseWithError(0, "")
+	conn := c.conn.Swap(nil)
+	if conn != nil {
+		conn.CloseWithError(0, "")
 	}
 	if c.rawConn != nil {
 		c.rawConn.Close()
 	}
-	c.conn = nil
 	c.rawConn = nil
 	return nil
 }
--- a/transport/v2raywebsocket/conn.go
+++ b/transport/v2raywebsocket/conn.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
@@ -135,20 +136,22 @@ func (c *WebsocketConn) Upstream() any {
 type EarlyWebsocketConn struct {
 	*Client
 	ctx    context.Context
-	conn   *WebsocketConn
+	conn   atomic.Pointer[WebsocketConn]
 	access sync.Mutex
 	create chan struct{}
 	err    error
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		<-c.create
 		if c.err != nil {
 			return 0, c.err
 		}
+		conn = c.conn.Load()
 	}
-	return wrapWsError0(c.conn.Read(b))
+	return wrapWsError0(conn.Read(b))
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) writeRequest(content []byte) error {
@@ -187,21 +190,23 @@ func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) writeRequest(content []byte) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	c.conn = conn
+	c.conn.Store(conn)
 	return nil
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		return wrapWsError0(c.conn.Write(b))
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn != nil {
+		return wrapWsError0(conn.Write(b))
 	}
 	c.access.Lock()
 	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	conn = c.conn.Load()
 	if c.err != nil {
 		return 0, c.err
 	}
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		return wrapWsError0(c.conn.Write(b))
+	if conn != nil {
+		return wrapWsError0(conn.Write(b))
 	}
 	err = c.writeRequest(b)
 	c.err = err
@@ -213,17 +218,19 @@ func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) WriteBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		return wrapWsError(c.conn.WriteBuffer(buffer))
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn != nil {
+		return wrapWsError(conn.WriteBuffer(buffer))
 	}
 	c.access.Lock()
 	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		return wrapWsError(c.conn.WriteBuffer(buffer))
-	}
 	if c.err != nil {
 		return c.err
 	}
+	conn = c.conn.Load()
+	if conn != nil {
+		return wrapWsError(conn.WriteBuffer(buffer))
+	}
 	err := c.writeRequest(buffer.Bytes())
 	c.err = err
 	close(c.create)
@@ -231,24 +238,27 @@ func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) WriteBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) Close() error {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return c.conn.Close()
+	return conn.Close()
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return M.Socksaddr{}
 	}
-	return c.conn.LocalAddr()
+	return conn.LocalAddr()
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
-	if c.conn == nil {
+	conn := c.conn.Load()
+	if conn == nil {
 		return M.Socksaddr{}
 	}
-	return c.conn.RemoteAddr()
+	return conn.RemoteAddr()
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
@@ -268,11 +278,11 @@ func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) NeedAdditionalReadDeadline() bool {
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) Upstream() any {
-	return common.PtrOrNil(c.conn)
+	return common.PtrOrNil(c.conn.Load())
 }

 func (c *EarlyWebsocketConn) LazyHeadroom() bool {
-	return c.conn == nil
+	return c.conn.Load() == nil
 }

 func wrapWsError(err error) error {
--- a/transport/wireguard/client_bind.go
+++ b/transport/wireguard/client_bind.go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (c *ClientBind) receive(packets [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []conn.Endpoint)
 		b := packets[0]
 		common.ClearArray(b[1:4])
 	}
-	eps[0] = remoteEndpoint(M.AddrPortFromNet(addr))
+	eps[0] = remoteEndpoint(M.SocksaddrFromNet(addr).Unwrap().AddrPort())
 	count = 1
 	return
 }