[dependencies] Update actions/checkout digest to eef6144

documentation: Bump version
Update utls to v1.6.7
2026-05-17 18:28:00 +03:00 · 2024-10-07 18:49:40 +00:00 · 2024-10-07 04:58:58 +08:00 · 2024-10-07 04:58:58 +08:00 · 2024-10-07 04:58:58 +08:00 · 2024-10-07 04:58:57 +08:00
484 changed files with 10910 additions and 39552 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -1,599 +0,0 @@
-name: Build
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      version:
-        description: "Version name"
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      build:
-        description: "Build type"
-        required: true
-        type: choice
-        default: "All"
-        options:
-          - All
-          - Binary
-          - Android
-          - Apple
-          - app-store
-          - iOS
-          - macOS
-          - tvOS
-          - macOS-standalone
-          - publish-android
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ inputs.build }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  calculate_version:
-    name: Calculate version
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      version: ${{ steps.outputs.outputs.version }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.23
-      - name: Check input version
-        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          echo "version=${{ inputs.version }}" 
-          echo "version=${{ inputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Calculate version
-        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          go run -v ./cmd/internal/read_tag --nightly
-      - name: Set outputs
-        id: outputs
-        run: |-
-          echo "version=$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-  build:
-    name: Build binary
-    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Binary'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - calculate_version
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - name: linux_386
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: 386
-          - name: linux_amd64
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: amd64
-          - name: linux_arm64
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: arm64
-          - name: linux_arm
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: arm
-            goarm: 6
-          - name: linux_arm_v7
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: arm
-            goarm: 7
-          - name: linux_s390x
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: s390x
-          - name: linux_riscv64
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: riscv64
-          - name: linux_mips64le
-            goos: linux
-            goarch: mips64le
-          - name: windows_amd64
-            goos: windows
-            goarch: amd64
-            require_legacy_go: true
-          - name: windows_386
-            goos: windows
-            goarch: 386
-            require_legacy_go: true
-          - name: windows_arm64
-            goos: windows
-            goarch: arm64
-          - name: darwin_arm64
-            goos: darwin
-            goarch: arm64
-          - name: darwin_amd64
-            goos: darwin
-            goarch: amd64
-            require_legacy_go: true
-          - name: android_arm64
-            goos: android
-            goarch: arm64
-          - name: android_arm
-            goos: android
-            goarch: arm
-            goarm: 7
-          - name: android_amd64
-            goos: android
-            goarch: amd64
-          - name: android_386
-            goos: android
-            goarch: 386
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.23
-      - name: Cache legacy Go
-        if: matrix.require_legacy_go
-        id: cache-legacy-go
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/go1.20.14
-          key: go120
-      - name: Setup legacy Go
-        if: matrix.require_legacy_go == 'true' && steps.cache-legacy-go.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |-
-          wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.20.14.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-          tar -xzf go1.20.14.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-          mv go $HOME/go/go1.20.14
-      - name: Setup Android NDK
-        if: matrix.goos == 'android'
-        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
-        with:
-          ndk-version: r28-beta2
-          local-cache: true
-      - name: Setup Goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
-        with:
-          distribution: goreleaser-pro
-          version: latest
-          install-only: true
-      - name: Extract signing key
-        run: |-
-          mkdir -p $HOME/.gnupg
-          cat > $HOME/.gnupg/sagernet.key <<EOF
-          ${{ secrets.GPG_KEY }}
-          EOF
-          echo "HOME=$HOME" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Set tag
-        run: |-
-          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
-      - name: Build
-        if: matrix.goos != 'android'
-        run: |-
-          goreleaser release --clean --split
-        env:
-          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
-          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          GOPATH: ${{ env.HOME }}/go
-          GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
-          NFPM_KEY_PATH: ${{ env.HOME }}/.gnupg/sagernet.key
-          NFPM_PASSPHRASE: ${{ secrets.GPG_PASSPHRASE }}
-      - name: Build Android
-        if: matrix.goos == 'android'
-        run: |-
-          go install -v ./cmd/internal/build
-          GOOS=$BUILD_GOOS GOARCH=$BUILD_GOARCH build goreleaser release --clean --split
-        env:
-          BUILD_GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
-          BUILD_GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
-          NFPM_KEY_PATH: ${{ env.HOME }}/.gnupg/sagernet.key
-          NFPM_PASSPHRASE: ${{ secrets.GPG_PASSPHRASE }}
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: binary-${{ matrix.name }}
-          path: 'dist'
-  build_android:
-    name: Build Android
-    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - calculate_version
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          submodules: 'recursive'
-      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.23
-      - name: Setup Android NDK
-        id: setup-ndk
-        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
-        with:
-          ndk-version: r28-beta2
-      - name: Setup OpenJDK
-        run: |-
-          sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y openjdk-17-jdk-headless
-          /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64/bin/java --version
-      - name: Set tag
-        run: |-
-          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
-      - name: Build library
-        run: |-
-          make lib_install
-          export PATH="$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
-          make lib_android
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
-          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
-      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          cd clients/android
-          git checkout main
-      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
-        run: |-
-          cd clients/android
-          git checkout dev
-      - name: Gradle cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ~/.gradle
-          key: gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle') }}
-      - name: Build
-        run: |-
-          go run -v ./cmd/internal/update_android_version --ci
-          mkdir clients/android/app/libs
-          cp libbox.aar clients/android/app/libs
-          cd clients/android
-          ./gradlew :app:assemblePlayRelease :app:assembleOtherRelease
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
-          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
-          LOCAL_PROPERTIES: ${{ secrets.LOCAL_PROPERTIES }}
-      - name: Prepare upload
-        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          mkdir -p dist/release
-          cp clients/android/app/build/outputs/apk/play/release/*.apk dist/release
-          cp clients/android/app/build/outputs/apk/other/release/*-universal.apk dist/release
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: binary-android-apks
-          path: 'dist'
-  publish_android:
-    name: Publish Android
-    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - calculate_version
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          submodules: 'recursive'
-      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.23
-      - name: Setup Android NDK
-        id: setup-ndk
-        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
-        with:
-          ndk-version: r28-beta2
-      - name: Setup OpenJDK
-        run: |-
-          sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y openjdk-17-jdk-headless
-          /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64/bin/java --version
-      - name: Set tag
-        run: |-
-          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
-      - name: Build library
-        run: |-
-          make lib_install
-          export PATH="$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
-          make lib_android
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
-          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
-      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          cd clients/android
-          git checkout main
-      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
-        run: |-
-          cd clients/android
-          git checkout dev
-      - name: Gradle cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ~/.gradle
-          key: gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle') }}
-      - name: Build
-        run: |-
-          go run -v ./cmd/internal/update_android_version --ci
-          mkdir clients/android/app/libs
-          cp libbox.aar clients/android/app/libs
-          cd clients/android
-          echo -n "$SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS" | base64 --decode > service-account-credentials.json
-          ./gradlew :app:publishPlayReleaseBundle
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
-          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
-          LOCAL_PROPERTIES: ${{ secrets.LOCAL_PROPERTIES }}
-          SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS }}
-  build_apple:
-    name: Build Apple clients
-    runs-on: macos-15
-    needs:
-      - calculate_version
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - name: iOS
-            if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Apple' || inputs.build == 'app-store'|| inputs.build == 'iOS' }}
-            platform: ios
-            scheme: SFI
-            destination: 'generic/platform=iOS'
-            archive: build/SFI.xcarchive
-            upload: SFI/Upload.plist
-          - name: macOS
-            if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Apple' || inputs.build == 'app-store'|| inputs.build == 'macOS' }}
-            platform: macos
-            scheme: SFM
-            destination: 'generic/platform=macOS'
-            archive: build/SFM.xcarchive
-            upload: SFI/Upload.plist
-          - name: tvOS
-            if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Apple' || inputs.build == 'app-store'|| inputs.build == 'tvOS' }}
-            platform: tvos
-            scheme: SFT
-            destination: 'generic/platform=tvOS'
-            archive: build/SFT.xcarchive
-            upload: SFI/Upload.plist
-          - name: macOS-standalone
-            if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Apple' || inputs.build == 'macOS-standalone' }}
-            platform: macos
-            scheme: SFM.System
-            destination: 'generic/platform=macOS'
-            archive: build/SFM.System.xcarchive
-            export: SFM.System/Export.plist
-            export_path: build/SFM.System
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        if: matrix.if
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          submodules: 'recursive'
-      - name: Setup Go
-        if: matrix.if
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.23
-      - name: Setup Xcode stable
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next'
-        run: |-
-          sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.2.app
-      - name: Setup Xcode beta
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
-        run: |-
-          sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.2.app
-      - name: Set tag
-        if: matrix.if
-        run: |-
-          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
-          echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          cd clients/apple
-          git checkout main
-      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
-        run: |-
-          cd clients/apple
-          git checkout dev
-      - name: Setup certificates
-        if: matrix.if
-        run: |-
-          CERTIFICATE_PATH=$RUNNER_TEMP/Certificates.p12
-          KEYCHAIN_PATH=$RUNNER_TEMP/certificates.keychain-db
-          echo -n "$CERTIFICATES_P12" | base64 --decode -o $CERTIFICATE_PATH
-          security create-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" $KEYCHAIN_PATH
-          security set-keychain-settings -lut 21600 $KEYCHAIN_PATH
-          security unlock-keychain -p "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" $KEYCHAIN_PATH
-          security import $CERTIFICATE_PATH -P "$P12_PASSWORD" -A -t cert -f pkcs12 -k $KEYCHAIN_PATH
-          security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple: -k "$KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD" $KEYCHAIN_PATH
-          security list-keychain -d user -s $KEYCHAIN_PATH
-
-          PROFILES_ZIP_PATH=$RUNNER_TEMP/Profiles.zip
-          echo -n "$PROVISIONING_PROFILES" | base64 --decode -o $PROFILES_ZIP_PATH
-          
-          PROFILES_PATH="$HOME/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning Profiles"
-          mkdir -p "$PROFILES_PATH"
-          unzip $PROFILES_ZIP_PATH -d "$PROFILES_PATH"
-          
-          ASC_KEY_PATH=$RUNNER_TEMP/Key.p12
-          echo -n "$ASC_KEY" | base64 --decode -o $ASC_KEY_PATH
-          
-          xcrun notarytool store-credentials "notarytool-password" \
-            --key $ASC_KEY_PATH \
-            --key-id $ASC_KEY_ID \
-            --issuer $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
-          
-          echo "ASC_KEY_PATH=$ASC_KEY_PATH" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "ASC_KEY_ID=$ASC_KEY_ID" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID=$ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        env:
-          CERTIFICATES_P12: ${{ secrets.CERTIFICATES_P12 }}
-          P12_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.P12_PASSWORD }}
-          KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.P12_PASSWORD }}
-          PROVISIONING_PROFILES: ${{ secrets.PROVISIONING_PROFILES }}
-          ASC_KEY: ${{ secrets.ASC_KEY }}
-          ASC_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.ASC_KEY_ID }}
-          ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID }}
-      - name: Build library
-        if: matrix.if
-        run: |-
-          make lib_install
-          export PATH="$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
-          go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple -platform ${{ matrix.platform }}
-          mv Libbox.xcframework clients/apple
-      - name: Update macOS version
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name == 'macOS' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION=$(go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect next_macos_project_version)
-          echo "MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION=$MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION"
-          echo "MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION=$MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Build
-        if: matrix.if
-        run: |-
-          go run -v ./cmd/internal/update_apple_version --ci
-          cd clients/apple
-          xcodebuild archive \
-            -scheme "${{ matrix.scheme }}" \
-            -configuration Release \
-            -destination "${{ matrix.destination }}" \
-            -archivePath "${{ matrix.archive }}" \
-            -allowProvisioningUpdates \
-            -authenticationKeyPath $ASC_KEY_PATH \
-            -authenticationKeyID $ASC_KEY_ID \
-            -authenticationKeyIssuerID $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
-      - name: Upload to App Store Connect
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect cancel_app_store ${{ matrix.platform }}
-          cd clients/apple
-          xcodebuild -exportArchive \
-            -archivePath "${{ matrix.archive }}" \
-            -exportOptionsPlist ${{ matrix.upload }} \
-            -allowProvisioningUpdates \
-            -authenticationKeyPath $ASC_KEY_PATH \
-            -authenticationKeyID $ASC_KEY_ID \
-            -authenticationKeyIssuerID $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
-      - name: Publish to TestFlight
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/dev-next'
-        run: |-
-          go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight ${{ matrix.platform }}
-      - name: Build image
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name == 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        run: |-
-          pushd clients/apple
-          xcodebuild -exportArchive \
-          	-archivePath "${{ matrix.archive }}" \
-          	-exportOptionsPlist ${{ matrix.export }} \
-          	-exportPath "${{ matrix.export_path }}"
-          brew install create-dmg
-          create-dmg \
-          	--volname "sing-box" \
-          	--volicon "${{ matrix.export_path }}/SFM.app/Contents/Resources/AppIcon.icns" \
-          	--icon "SFM.app" 0 0 \
-          		--hide-extension "SFM.app" \
-          		--app-drop-link 0 0 \
-          		--skip-jenkins \
-          	SFM.dmg "${{ matrix.export_path }}/SFM.app"
-          xcrun notarytool submit "SFM.dmg" --wait --keychain-profile "notarytool-password"          
-          cd "${{ matrix.archive }}"
-          zip -r SFM.dSYMs.zip dSYMs
-          popd
-          
-          mkdir -p dist/release
-          cp clients/apple/SFM.dmg "dist/release/SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dmg"
-          cp "clients/apple/${{ matrix.archive }}/SFM.dSYMs.zip" "dist/release/SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dSYMs.zip"
-      - name: Upload image
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name == 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: binary-macos-dmg
-          path: 'dist'
-  upload:
-    name: Upload builds
-    if: always() && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && (inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Binary' || inputs.build == 'Android' || inputs.build == 'Apple' || inputs.build == 'macOS-standalone')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - calculate_version
-      - build
-      - build_android
-      - build_apple
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Setup Goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
-        with:
-          distribution: goreleaser-pro
-          version: latest
-          install-only: true
-      - name: Cache ghr
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        id: cache-ghr
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/bin/ghr
-          key: ghr
-      - name: Setup ghr
-        if: steps.cache-ghr.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |-
-          cd $HOME
-          git clone https://github.com/nekohasekai/ghr ghr
-          cd ghr
-          go install -v .
-      - name: Set tag
-        run: |-
-          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
-          echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Download builds
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - name: Merge builds
-        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Binary'
-        run: |-
-          goreleaser continue --merge --skip publish
-          mkdir -p dist/release
-          mv dist/*/sing-box*{tar.gz,zip,deb,rpm,_amd64.pkg.tar.zst,_arm64.pkg.tar.zst} dist/release
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
-      - name: Upload builds
-        if: ${{ env.PUBLISHED == 'false' }}
-        run: |-
-          export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/go/bin"
-          ghr --replace --draft --prerelease -p 5 "v${VERSION}" dist/release
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Replace builds
-        if: ${{ env.PUBLISHED != 'false' }}
-        run: |-
-          export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/go/bin"
-          ghr --replace -p 5 "v${VERSION}" dist/release
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
--- a/.github/workflows/debug.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/debug.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+name: Debug build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - stable-next
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next
+    paths-ignore:
+      - '**.md'
+      - '.github/**'
+      - '!.github/workflows/debug.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - stable-next
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Debug build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ^1.23
+      - name: Run Test
+        run: |
+          go test -v ./...
+  build_go120:
+    name: Debug build (Go 1.20)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ~1.20
+      - name: Cache go module
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: go120-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+      - name: Run Test
+        run: make ci_build_go120
+  build_go121:
+    name: Debug build (Go 1.21)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ~1.21
+      - name: Cache go module
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: go121-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+      - name: Run Test
+        run: make ci_build
+  build_go122:
+    name: Debug build (Go 1.22)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ~1.22
+      - name: Cache go module
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: go122-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+      - name: Run Test
+        run: make ci_build
+  cross:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # windows
+          - name: windows-amd64
+            goos: windows
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v1
+          - name: windows-amd64-v3
+            goos: windows
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v3
+          - name: windows-386
+            goos: windows
+            goarch: 386
+          - name: windows-arm64
+            goos: windows
+            goarch: arm64
+          - name: windows-arm32v7
+            goos: windows
+            goarch: arm
+            goarm: 7
+          
+          # linux
+          - name: linux-amd64
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v1
+          - name: linux-amd64-v3
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v3
+          - name: linux-386
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: 386
+          - name: linux-arm64
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: arm64
+          - name: linux-armv5
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: arm
+            goarm: 5
+          - name: linux-armv6
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: arm
+            goarm: 6
+          - name: linux-armv7
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: arm
+            goarm: 7
+          - name: linux-mips-softfloat
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: mips
+            gomips: softfloat
+          - name: linux-mips-hardfloat
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: mips
+            gomips: hardfloat
+          - name: linux-mipsel-softfloat
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: mipsle
+            gomips: softfloat
+          - name: linux-mipsel-hardfloat
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: mipsle
+            gomips: hardfloat
+          - name: linux-mips64
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: mips64
+          - name: linux-mips64el
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: mips64le
+          - name: linux-s390x
+            goos: linux
+            goarch: s390x
+          # darwin
+          - name: darwin-amd64
+            goos: darwin
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v1
+          - name: darwin-amd64-v3
+            goos: darwin
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v3
+          - name: darwin-arm64
+            goos: darwin
+            goarch: arm64
+          # freebsd
+          - name: freebsd-amd64
+            goos: freebsd
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v1
+          - name: freebsd-amd64-v3
+            goos: freebsd
+            goarch: amd64
+            goamd64: v3
+          - name: freebsd-386
+            goos: freebsd
+            goarch: 386
+          - name: freebsd-arm64
+            goos: freebsd
+            goarch: arm64
+      fail-fast: true
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
+      GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
+      GOAMD64: ${{ matrix.goamd64 }}
+      GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
+      GOMIPS: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
+      CGO_ENABLED: 0
+      TAGS: with_clash_api,with_quic
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@eef61447b9ff4aafe5dcd4e0bbf5d482be7e7871 # v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ^1.21
+      - name: Build
+        id: build
+        run: make
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ jobs:
          mkdir -p $HOME/.gnupg
          cat > $HOME/.gnupg/sagernet.key <<EOF
          ${{ secrets.GPG_KEY }}
+          echo "HOME=$HOME" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
          EOF
          echo "HOME=$HOME" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Publish release
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -22,16 +22,6 @@ linters-settings:

 run:
  go: "1.23"
-  build-tags:
-    - with_gvisor
-    - with_quic
-    - with_dhcp
-    - with_wireguard
-    - with_ech
-    - with_utls
-    - with_reality_server
-    - with_acme
-    - with_clash_api

 issues:
  exclude-dirs:
--- a/.goreleaser.fury.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.fury.yaml
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ builds:
      - -v
      - -trimpath
    ldflags:
-      - -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version={{ .Version }}
-      - -s
-      - -buildid=
+      - -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version={{ .Version }} -s -w -buildid=
    tags:
      - with_gvisor
      - with_quic
--- a/.goreleaser.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.yaml
@@ -200,6 +200,4 @@ release:
  ids:
    - archive
    - package
-  skip_upload: true
-partial:
-  by: target
+  skip_upload: true
--- a/51
+++ b/51
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ci_build:
 	go build $(MAIN_PARAMS) $(MAIN)

 generate_completions:
-	go run -v --tags $(TAGS),generate,generate_completions $(MAIN)
+	go run -v --tags generate,generate_completions $(MAIN)

 install:
 	go build -o $(PREFIX)/bin/$(NAME) $(MAIN_PARAMS) $(MAIN)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ release:
 		dist/*_amd64.pkg.tar.zst \
 		dist/*_arm64.pkg.tar.zst \
 		dist/release
-	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease -p 5 "v${VERSION}" dist/release
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease -p 3 "v${VERSION}" dist/release
 	rm -r dist/release

 release_repo:
@@ -90,20 +90,22 @@ upload_android:
 	mkdir -p dist/release_android
 	cp ../sing-box-for-android/app/build/outputs/apk/play/release/*.apk dist/release_android
 	cp ../sing-box-for-android/app/build/outputs/apk/other/release/*-universal.apk dist/release_android
-	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease -p 5 "v${VERSION}" dist/release_android
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease -p 3 "v${VERSION}" dist/release_android
 	rm -rf dist/release_android

 release_android: lib_android update_android_version build_android upload_android

 publish_android:
-	cd ../sing-box-for-android && ./gradlew :app:publishPlayReleaseBundle && ./gradlew --stop
+	cd ../sing-box-for-android && ./gradlew :app:publishPlayReleaseBundle
+
+publish_android_appcenter:
+	cd ../sing-box-for-android && ./gradlew :app:appCenterAssembleAndUploadPlayRelease
+

 # TODO: find why and remove `-destination 'generic/platform=iOS'`
-# TODO: remove xcode clean when fix control widget fixed
 build_ios:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
 	rm -rf build/SFI.xcarchive && \
-	xcodebuild clean -scheme SFI && \
 	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFI -configuration Release -destination 'generic/platform=iOS' -archivePath build/SFI.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates

 upload_ios_app_store:
@@ -145,28 +147,15 @@ build_macos_dmg:
 		--hide-extension "SFM.app" \
 		--app-drop-link 0 0 \
 		--skip-jenkins \
+		--notarize "notarytool-password" \
 		"../sing-box/dist/SFM/SFM.dmg" "build/SFM.System/SFM.app"

-notarize_macos_dmg:
-	xcrun notarytool submit "dist/SFM/SFM.dmg" --wait \
-	  --keychain-profile "notarytool-password" \
-  	  --no-s3-acceleration
-
 upload_macos_dmg:
 	cd dist/SFM && \
 	cp SFM.dmg "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dmg" && \
 	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dmg"

-upload_macos_dsyms:
-	pushd ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM.System.xcarchive && \
-	zip -r SFM.dSYMs.zip dSYMs && \
-	mv SFM.dSYMs.zip ../../../sing-box/dist/SFM && \
-	popd && \
-	cd dist/SFM && \
-	cp SFM.dSYMs.zip "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dSYMs.zip" && \
-	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dSYMs.zip"
-
-release_macos_standalone: build_macos_standalone build_macos_dmg notarize_macos_dmg upload_macos_dmg upload_macos_dsyms
+release_macos_standalone: build_macos_standalone build_macos_dmg upload_macos_dmg

 build_tvos:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
@@ -182,22 +171,10 @@ release_tvos: build_tvos upload_tvos_app_store
 update_apple_version:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/update_apple_version

-update_macos_version:
-	MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION=$(shell go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect next_macos_project_version) go run ./cmd/internal/update_apple_version
-
 release_apple: lib_ios update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos release_macos_standalone

 release_apple_beta: update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos

-publish_testflight:
-	go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight
-
-prepare_app_store:
-	go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect prepare_app_store
-
-publish_app_store:
-	go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_app_store
-
 test:
 	@go test -v ./... && \
 	cd test && \
@@ -213,14 +190,8 @@ test_stdio:
 lib_android:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android

-lib_android_debug:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android -debug
-
-lib_apple:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple
-
 lib_ios:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple -platform ios -debug
+	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target ios

 lib:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android
--- a/adapter/conn_router.go
+++ b/adapter/conn_router.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package adapter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+type ConnectionRouter interface {
+	RouteConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
+	RoutePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
+}
+
+func NewRouteHandler(
+	metadata InboundContext,
+	router ConnectionRouter,
+	logger logger.ContextLogger,
+) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
+	return &routeHandlerWrapper{
+		metadata: metadata,
+		router:   router,
+		logger:   logger,
+	}
+}
+
+func NewRouteContextHandler(
+	router ConnectionRouter,
+	logger logger.ContextLogger,
+) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
+	return &routeContextHandlerWrapper{
+		router: router,
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+}
+
+var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapter = (*routeHandlerWrapper)(nil)
+
+type routeHandlerWrapper struct {
+	metadata InboundContext
+	router   ConnectionRouter
+	logger   logger.ContextLogger
+}
+
+func (w *routeHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
+	myMetadata := w.metadata
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
+	}
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
+	}
+	return w.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
+}
+
+func (w *routeHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
+	myMetadata := w.metadata
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
+	}
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
+	}
+	return w.router.RoutePacketConnection(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
+}
+
+func (w *routeHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	w.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, err)
+}
+
+var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapter = (*routeContextHandlerWrapper)(nil)
+
+type routeContextHandlerWrapper struct {
+	router ConnectionRouter
+	logger logger.ContextLogger
+}
+
+func (w *routeContextHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
+	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
+	}
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
+	}
+	return w.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
+}
+
+func (w *routeContextHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
+	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
+	}
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
+	}
+	return w.router.RoutePacketConnection(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
+}
+
+func (w *routeContextHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	w.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, err)
+}
--- a/adapter/connections.go
+++ b/adapter/connections.go
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type ConnectionManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	NewConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dialer, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
-	NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dialer, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
-}
--- a/adapter/dns.go
+++ b/adapter/dns.go
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/netip"
-
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-type DNSRouter interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions) (*dns.Msg, error)
-	Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions) ([]netip.Addr, error)
-	ClearCache()
-	LookupReverseMapping(ip netip.Addr) (string, bool)
-	ResetNetwork()
-}
-
-type DNSClient interface {
-	Start()
-	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
-	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
-	LookupCache(domain string, strategy C.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.Addr, bool)
-	ExchangeCache(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, bool)
-	ClearCache()
-}
-
-type DNSQueryOptions struct {
-	Transport    DNSTransport
-	Strategy     C.DomainStrategy
-	DisableCache bool
-	RewriteTTL   *uint32
-	ClientSubnet netip.Prefix
-}
-
-type RDRCStore interface {
-	LoadRDRC(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) (rejected bool)
-	SaveRDRC(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) error
-	SaveRDRCAsync(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, logger logger.Logger)
-}
-
-type DNSTransport interface {
-	Type() string
-	Tag() string
-	Dependencies() []string
-	Reset()
-	Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, error)
-}
-
-type LegacyDNSTransport interface {
-	LegacyStrategy() C.DomainStrategy
-	LegacyClientSubnet() netip.Prefix
-}
-
-type DNSTransportRegistry interface {
-	option.DNSTransportOptionsRegistry
-	CreateDNSTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, transportType string, options any) (DNSTransport, error)
-}
-
-type DNSTransportManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Transports() []DNSTransport
-	Transport(tag string) (DNSTransport, bool)
-	Default() DNSTransport
-	FakeIP() FakeIPTransport
-	Remove(tag string) error
-	Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) error
-}
--- a/adapter/endpoint.go
+++ b/adapter/endpoint.go
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-)
-
-type Endpoint interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Type() string
-	Tag() string
-	Outbound
-}
-
-type EndpointRegistry interface {
-	option.EndpointOptionsRegistry
-	Create(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, endpointType string, options any) (Endpoint, error)
-}
-
-type EndpointManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Endpoints() []Endpoint
-	Get(tag string) (Endpoint, bool)
-	Remove(tag string) error
-	Create(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, endpointType string, options any) error
-}
--- a/adapter/endpoint/adapter.go
+++ b/adapter/endpoint/adapter.go
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package endpoint
-
-import "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-
-type Adapter struct {
-	endpointType string
-	endpointTag  string
-	network      []string
-	dependencies []string
-}
-
-func NewAdapter(endpointType string, endpointTag string, network []string, dependencies []string) Adapter {
-	return Adapter{
-		endpointType: endpointType,
-		endpointTag:  endpointTag,
-		network:      network,
-		dependencies: dependencies,
-	}
-}
-
-func NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(endpointType string, endpointTag string, network []string, dialOptions option.DialerOptions) Adapter {
-	var dependencies []string
-	if dialOptions.Detour != "" {
-		dependencies = []string{dialOptions.Detour}
-	}
-	return NewAdapter(endpointType, endpointTag, network, dependencies)
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Type() string {
-	return a.endpointType
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Tag() string {
-	return a.endpointTag
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Network() []string {
-	return a.network
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Dependencies() []string {
-	return a.dependencies
-}
--- a/adapter/endpoint/manager.go
+++ b/adapter/endpoint/manager.go
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-package endpoint
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"os"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-var _ adapter.EndpointManager = (*Manager)(nil)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	logger        log.ContextLogger
-	registry      adapter.EndpointRegistry
-	access        sync.Mutex
-	started       bool
-	stage         adapter.StartStage
-	endpoints     []adapter.Endpoint
-	endpointByTag map[string]adapter.Endpoint
-}
-
-func NewManager(logger log.ContextLogger, registry adapter.EndpointRegistry) *Manager {
-	return &Manager{
-		logger:        logger,
-		registry:      registry,
-		endpointByTag: make(map[string]adapter.Endpoint),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.started && m.stage >= stage {
-		panic("already started")
-	}
-	m.started = true
-	m.stage = stage
-	if stage == adapter.StartStateStart {
-		// started with outbound manager
-		return nil
-	}
-	for _, endpoint := range m.endpoints {
-		err := adapter.LegacyStart(endpoint, stage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, stage, " endpoint/", endpoint.Type(), "[", endpoint.Tag(), "]")
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if !m.started {
-		return nil
-	}
-	m.started = false
-	endpoints := m.endpoints
-	m.endpoints = nil
-	monitor := taskmonitor.New(m.logger, C.StopTimeout)
-	var err error
-	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
-		monitor.Start("close endpoint/", endpoint.Type(), "[", endpoint.Tag(), "]")
-		err = E.Append(err, endpoint.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close endpoint/", endpoint.Type(), "[", endpoint.Tag(), "]")
-		})
-		monitor.Finish()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Endpoints() []adapter.Endpoint {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	return m.endpoints
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Get(tag string) (adapter.Endpoint, bool) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	endpoint, found := m.endpointByTag[tag]
-	return endpoint, found
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Remove(tag string) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	endpoint, found := m.endpointByTag[tag]
-	if !found {
-		m.access.Unlock()
-		return os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-	delete(m.endpointByTag, tag)
-	index := common.Index(m.endpoints, func(it adapter.Endpoint) bool {
-		return it == endpoint
-	})
-	if index == -1 {
-		panic("invalid endpoint index")
-	}
-	m.endpoints = append(m.endpoints[:index], m.endpoints[index+1:]...)
-	started := m.started
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	if started {
-		return endpoint.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Create(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) error {
-	endpoint, err := m.registry.Create(ctx, router, logger, tag, outboundType, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.started {
-		for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
-			err = adapter.LegacyStart(endpoint, stage)
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, stage, " endpoint/", endpoint.Type(), "[", endpoint.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if existsEndpoint, loaded := m.endpointByTag[tag]; loaded {
-		if m.started {
-			err = existsEndpoint.Close()
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, "close endpoint/", existsEndpoint.Type(), "[", existsEndpoint.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-		existsIndex := common.Index(m.endpoints, func(it adapter.Endpoint) bool {
-			return it == existsEndpoint
-		})
-		if existsIndex == -1 {
-			panic("invalid endpoint index")
-		}
-		m.endpoints = append(m.endpoints[:existsIndex], m.endpoints[existsIndex+1:]...)
-	}
-	m.endpoints = append(m.endpoints, endpoint)
-	m.endpointByTag[tag] = endpoint
-	return nil
-}
--- a/adapter/endpoint/registry.go
+++ b/adapter/endpoint/registry.go
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package endpoint
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-type ConstructorFunc[T any] func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options T) (adapter.Endpoint, error)
-
-func Register[Options any](registry *Registry, outboundType string, constructor ConstructorFunc[Options]) {
-	registry.register(outboundType, func() any {
-		return new(Options)
-	}, func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, rawOptions any) (adapter.Endpoint, error) {
-		var options *Options
-		if rawOptions != nil {
-			options = rawOptions.(*Options)
-		}
-		return constructor(ctx, router, logger, tag, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options))
-	})
-}
-
-var _ adapter.EndpointRegistry = (*Registry)(nil)
-
-type (
-	optionsConstructorFunc func() any
-	constructorFunc        func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options any) (adapter.Endpoint, error)
-)
-
-type Registry struct {
-	access      sync.Mutex
-	optionsType map[string]optionsConstructorFunc
-	constructor map[string]constructorFunc
-}
-
-func NewRegistry() *Registry {
-	return &Registry{
-		optionsType: make(map[string]optionsConstructorFunc),
-		constructor: make(map[string]constructorFunc),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) CreateOptions(outboundType string) (any, bool) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	optionsConstructor, loaded := m.optionsType[outboundType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	return optionsConstructor(), true
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) Create(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (adapter.Endpoint, error) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	constructor, loaded := m.constructor[outboundType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, E.New("outbound type not found: " + outboundType)
-	}
-	return constructor(ctx, router, logger, tag, options)
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) register(outboundType string, optionsConstructor optionsConstructorFunc, constructor constructorFunc) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	m.optionsType[outboundType] = optionsConstructor
-	m.constructor[outboundType] = constructor
-}
--- a/adapter/experimental.go
+++ b/adapter/experimental.go
@@ -4,33 +4,34 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/urltest"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )

 type ClashServer interface {
-	LifecycleService
-	ConnectionTracker
+	Service
+	PreStarter
 	Mode() string
 	ModeList() []string
 	HistoryStorage() *urltest.HistoryStorage
-}
-
-type V2RayServer interface {
-	LifecycleService
-	StatsService() ConnectionTracker
+	RoutedConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, matchedRule Rule) (net.Conn, Tracker)
+	RoutedPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, matchedRule Rule) (N.PacketConn, Tracker)
 }

 type CacheFile interface {
-	LifecycleService
+	Service
+	PreStarter

 	StoreFakeIP() bool
 	FakeIPStorage

 	StoreRDRC() bool
-	RDRCStore
+	dns.RDRCStore

 	LoadMode() string
 	StoreMode(mode string) error
@@ -93,6 +94,10 @@ func (s *SavedRuleSet) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }

+type Tracker interface {
+	Leave()
+}
+
 type OutboundGroup interface {
 	Outbound
 	Now() string
@@ -110,3 +115,13 @@ func OutboundTag(detour Outbound) string {
 	}
 	return detour.Tag()
 }
+
+type V2RayServer interface {
+	Service
+	StatsService() V2RayStatsService
+}
+
+type V2RayStatsService interface {
+	RoutedConnection(inbound string, outbound string, user string, conn net.Conn) net.Conn
+	RoutedPacketConnection(inbound string, outbound string, user string, conn N.PacketConn) N.PacketConn
+}
--- a/adapter/fakeip.go
+++ b/adapter/fakeip.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package adapter
 import (
 	"net/netip"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 )

@@ -26,6 +27,6 @@ type FakeIPStorage interface {
 }

 type FakeIPTransport interface {
-	DNSTransport
+	dns.Transport
 	Store() FakeIPStore
 }
--- a/adapter/handler.go
+++ b/adapter/handler.go
@@ -6,56 +6,27 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

-// Deprecated
 type ConnectionHandler interface {
 	NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
 }

-type ConnectionHandlerEx interface {
-	NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: use PacketHandlerEx instead
 type PacketHandler interface {
 	NewPacket(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, buffer *buf.Buffer, metadata InboundContext) error
 }

-type PacketHandlerEx interface {
-	NewPacketEx(buffer *buf.Buffer, source M.Socksaddr)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: use OOBPacketHandlerEx instead
 type OOBPacketHandler interface {
 	NewPacket(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, buffer *buf.Buffer, oob []byte, metadata InboundContext) error
 }

-type OOBPacketHandlerEx interface {
-	NewPacketEx(buffer *buf.Buffer, oob []byte, source M.Socksaddr)
-}
-
-// Deprecated
 type PacketConnectionHandler interface {
 	NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
 }

-type PacketConnectionHandlerEx interface {
-	NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: use TCPConnectionHandlerEx instead
-//
-//nolint:staticcheck
 type UpstreamHandlerAdapter interface {
 	N.TCPConnectionHandler
 	N.UDPConnectionHandler
 	E.Handler
 }
-
-type UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx interface {
-	N.TCPConnectionHandlerEx
-	N.UDPConnectionHandlerEx
-}
--- a/adapter/inbound.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound.go
@@ -2,43 +2,26 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	"context"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/process"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

 type Inbound interface {
-	Lifecycle
+	Service
 	Type() string
 	Tag() string
 }

-type TCPInjectableInbound interface {
+type InjectableInbound interface {
 	Inbound
-	ConnectionHandlerEx
-}
-
-type UDPInjectableInbound interface {
-	Inbound
-	PacketConnectionHandlerEx
-}
-
-type InboundRegistry interface {
-	option.InboundOptionsRegistry
-	Create(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, inboundType string, options any) (Inbound, error)
-}
-
-type InboundManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Inbounds() []Inbound
-	Get(tag string) (Inbound, bool)
-	Remove(tag string) error
-	Create(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, inboundType string, options any) error
+	Network() []string
+	NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
+	NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
 }

 type InboundContext struct {
@@ -60,25 +43,10 @@ type InboundContext struct {

 	// cache

-	// Deprecated: implement in rule action
-	InboundDetour            string
-	LastInbound              string
-	OriginDestination        M.Socksaddr
-	RouteOriginalDestination M.Socksaddr
-	// Deprecated: to be removed
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	InboundOptions            option.InboundOptions
-	UDPDisableDomainUnmapping bool
-	UDPConnect                bool
-	UDPTimeout                time.Duration
-	TLSFragment               bool
-	TLSFragmentFallbackDelay  time.Duration
-
-	NetworkStrategy     *C.NetworkStrategy
-	NetworkType         []C.InterfaceType
-	FallbackNetworkType []C.InterfaceType
-	FallbackDelay       time.Duration
-
+	InboundDetour        string
+	LastInbound          string
+	OriginDestination    M.Socksaddr
+	InboundOptions       option.InboundOptions
 	DestinationAddresses []netip.Addr
 	SourceGeoIPCode      string
 	GeoIPCode            string
@@ -123,6 +91,15 @@ func ContextFrom(ctx context.Context) *InboundContext {
 	return metadata.(*InboundContext)
 }

+func AppendContext(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, *InboundContext) {
+	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	if metadata != nil {
+		return ctx, metadata
+	}
+	metadata = new(InboundContext)
+	return WithContext(ctx, metadata), metadata
+}
+
 func ExtendContext(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, *InboundContext) {
 	var newMetadata InboundContext
 	if metadata := ContextFrom(ctx); metadata != nil {
--- a/adapter/inbound/adapter.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound/adapter.go
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package inbound
-
-type Adapter struct {
-	inboundType string
-	inboundTag  string
-}
-
-func NewAdapter(inboundType string, inboundTag string) Adapter {
-	return Adapter{
-		inboundType: inboundType,
-		inboundTag:  inboundTag,
-	}
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Type() string {
-	return a.inboundType
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Tag() string {
-	return a.inboundTag
-}
--- a/adapter/inbound/manager.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound/manager.go
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-package inbound
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"os"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-var _ adapter.InboundManager = (*Manager)(nil)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	logger       log.ContextLogger
-	registry     adapter.InboundRegistry
-	endpoint     adapter.EndpointManager
-	access       sync.Mutex
-	started      bool
-	stage        adapter.StartStage
-	inbounds     []adapter.Inbound
-	inboundByTag map[string]adapter.Inbound
-}
-
-func NewManager(logger log.ContextLogger, registry adapter.InboundRegistry, endpoint adapter.EndpointManager) *Manager {
-	return &Manager{
-		logger:       logger,
-		registry:     registry,
-		endpoint:     endpoint,
-		inboundByTag: make(map[string]adapter.Inbound),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.started && m.stage >= stage {
-		panic("already started")
-	}
-	m.started = true
-	m.stage = stage
-	for _, inbound := range m.inbounds {
-		err := adapter.LegacyStart(inbound, stage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, stage, " inbound/", inbound.Type(), "[", inbound.Tag(), "]")
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if !m.started {
-		return nil
-	}
-	m.started = false
-	inbounds := m.inbounds
-	m.inbounds = nil
-	monitor := taskmonitor.New(m.logger, C.StopTimeout)
-	var err error
-	for _, inbound := range inbounds {
-		monitor.Start("close inbound/", inbound.Type(), "[", inbound.Tag(), "]")
-		err = E.Append(err, inbound.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close inbound/", inbound.Type(), "[", inbound.Tag(), "]")
-		})
-		monitor.Finish()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Inbounds() []adapter.Inbound {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	return m.inbounds
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Get(tag string) (adapter.Inbound, bool) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	inbound, found := m.inboundByTag[tag]
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	if found {
-		return inbound, true
-	}
-	return m.endpoint.Get(tag)
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Remove(tag string) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	inbound, found := m.inboundByTag[tag]
-	if !found {
-		m.access.Unlock()
-		return os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-	delete(m.inboundByTag, tag)
-	index := common.Index(m.inbounds, func(it adapter.Inbound) bool {
-		return it == inbound
-	})
-	if index == -1 {
-		panic("invalid inbound index")
-	}
-	m.inbounds = append(m.inbounds[:index], m.inbounds[index+1:]...)
-	started := m.started
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	if started {
-		return inbound.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Create(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) error {
-	inbound, err := m.registry.Create(ctx, router, logger, tag, outboundType, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.started {
-		for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
-			err = adapter.LegacyStart(inbound, stage)
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, stage, " inbound/", inbound.Type(), "[", inbound.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if existsInbound, loaded := m.inboundByTag[tag]; loaded {
-		if m.started {
-			err = existsInbound.Close()
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, "close inbound/", existsInbound.Type(), "[", existsInbound.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-		existsIndex := common.Index(m.inbounds, func(it adapter.Inbound) bool {
-			return it == existsInbound
-		})
-		if existsIndex == -1 {
-			panic("invalid inbound index")
-		}
-		m.inbounds = append(m.inbounds[:existsIndex], m.inbounds[existsIndex+1:]...)
-	}
-	m.inbounds = append(m.inbounds, inbound)
-	m.inboundByTag[tag] = inbound
-	return nil
-}
--- a/adapter/inbound/registry.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound/registry.go
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package inbound
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-type ConstructorFunc[T any] func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options T) (adapter.Inbound, error)
-
-func Register[Options any](registry *Registry, outboundType string, constructor ConstructorFunc[Options]) {
-	registry.register(outboundType, func() any {
-		return new(Options)
-	}, func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, rawOptions any) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
-		var options *Options
-		if rawOptions != nil {
-			options = rawOptions.(*Options)
-		}
-		return constructor(ctx, router, logger, tag, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options))
-	})
-}
-
-var _ adapter.InboundRegistry = (*Registry)(nil)
-
-type (
-	optionsConstructorFunc func() any
-	constructorFunc        func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options any) (adapter.Inbound, error)
-)
-
-type Registry struct {
-	access      sync.Mutex
-	optionsType map[string]optionsConstructorFunc
-	constructor map[string]constructorFunc
-}
-
-func NewRegistry() *Registry {
-	return &Registry{
-		optionsType: make(map[string]optionsConstructorFunc),
-		constructor: make(map[string]constructorFunc),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) CreateOptions(outboundType string) (any, bool) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	optionsConstructor, loaded := m.optionsType[outboundType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	return optionsConstructor(), true
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) Create(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	constructor, loaded := m.constructor[outboundType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, E.New("outbound type not found: " + outboundType)
-	}
-	return constructor(ctx, router, logger, tag, options)
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) register(outboundType string, optionsConstructor optionsConstructorFunc, constructor constructorFunc) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	m.optionsType[outboundType] = optionsConstructor
-	m.constructor[outboundType] = constructor
-}
--- a/adapter/lifecycle.go
+++ b/adapter/lifecycle.go
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-
-type StartStage uint8
-
-const (
-	StartStateInitialize StartStage = iota
-	StartStateStart
-	StartStatePostStart
-	StartStateStarted
-)
-
-var ListStartStages = []StartStage{
-	StartStateInitialize,
-	StartStateStart,
-	StartStatePostStart,
-	StartStateStarted,
-}
-
-func (s StartStage) String() string {
-	switch s {
-	case StartStateInitialize:
-		return "initialize"
-	case StartStateStart:
-		return "start"
-	case StartStatePostStart:
-		return "post-start"
-	case StartStateStarted:
-		return "finish-start"
-	default:
-		panic("unknown stage")
-	}
-}
-
-type Lifecycle interface {
-	Start(stage StartStage) error
-	Close() error
-}
-
-type LifecycleService interface {
-	Name() string
-	Lifecycle
-}
-
-func Start(stage StartStage, services ...Lifecycle) error {
-	for _, service := range services {
-		err := service.Start(stage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func StartNamed(stage StartStage, services []LifecycleService) error {
-	for _, service := range services {
-		err := service.Start(stage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, stage.String(), " ", service.Name())
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/adapter/lifecycle_legacy.go
+++ b/adapter/lifecycle_legacy.go
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-func LegacyStart(starter any, stage StartStage) error {
-	if lifecycle, isLifecycle := starter.(Lifecycle); isLifecycle {
-		return lifecycle.Start(stage)
-	}
-	switch stage {
-	case StartStateInitialize:
-		if preStarter, isPreStarter := starter.(interface {
-			PreStart() error
-		}); isPreStarter {
-			return preStarter.PreStart()
-		}
-	case StartStateStart:
-		if starter, isStarter := starter.(interface {
-			Start() error
-		}); isStarter {
-			return starter.Start()
-		}
-	case StartStateStarted:
-		if postStarter, isPostStarter := starter.(interface {
-			PostStart() error
-		}); isPostStarter {
-			return postStarter.PostStart()
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-type lifecycleServiceWrapper struct {
-	Service
-	name string
-}
-
-func NewLifecycleService(service Service, name string) LifecycleService {
-	return &lifecycleServiceWrapper{
-		Service: service,
-		name:    name,
-	}
-}
-
-func (l *lifecycleServiceWrapper) Name() string {
-	return l.name
-}
-
-func (l *lifecycleServiceWrapper) Start(stage StartStage) error {
-	return LegacyStart(l.Service, stage)
-}
-
-func (l *lifecycleServiceWrapper) Close() error {
-	return l.Service.Close()
-}
--- a/adapter/network.go
+++ b/adapter/network.go
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-)
-
-type NetworkManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	InterfaceFinder() control.InterfaceFinder
-	UpdateInterfaces() error
-	DefaultNetworkInterface() *NetworkInterface
-	NetworkInterfaces() []NetworkInterface
-	AutoDetectInterface() bool
-	AutoDetectInterfaceFunc() control.Func
-	ProtectFunc() control.Func
-	DefaultOptions() NetworkOptions
-	RegisterAutoRedirectOutputMark(mark uint32) error
-	AutoRedirectOutputMark() uint32
-	NetworkMonitor() tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor
-	InterfaceMonitor() tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
-	PackageManager() tun.PackageManager
-	WIFIState() WIFIState
-	ResetNetwork()
-}
-
-type NetworkOptions struct {
-	NetworkStrategy     *C.NetworkStrategy
-	NetworkType         []C.InterfaceType
-	FallbackNetworkType []C.InterfaceType
-	FallbackDelay       time.Duration
-	BindInterface       string
-	RoutingMark         uint32
-}
-
-type InterfaceUpdateListener interface {
-	InterfaceUpdated()
-}
-
-type WIFIState struct {
-	SSID  string
-	BSSID string
-}
-
-type NetworkInterface struct {
-	control.Interface
-	Type        C.InterfaceType
-	DNSServers  []string
-	Expensive   bool
-	Constrained bool
-}
--- a/adapter/outbound.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound.go
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	"context"
+	"net"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

@@ -16,18 +15,6 @@ type Outbound interface {
 	Network() []string
 	Dependencies() []string
 	N.Dialer
-}
-
-type OutboundRegistry interface {
-	option.OutboundOptionsRegistry
-	CreateOutbound(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (Outbound, error)
-}
-
-type OutboundManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Outbounds() []Outbound
-	Outbound(tag string) (Outbound, bool)
-	Default() Outbound
-	Remove(tag string) error
-	Create(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) error
+	NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
+	NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
 }
--- a/adapter/outbound/adapter.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound/adapter.go
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package outbound
-
-import (
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-)
-
-type Adapter struct {
-	outboundType string
-	outboundTag  string
-	network      []string
-	dependencies []string
-}
-
-func NewAdapter(outboundType string, outboundTag string, network []string, dependencies []string) Adapter {
-	return Adapter{
-		outboundType: outboundType,
-		outboundTag:  outboundTag,
-		network:      network,
-		dependencies: dependencies,
-	}
-}
-
-func NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(outboundType string, outboundTag string, network []string, dialOptions option.DialerOptions) Adapter {
-	var dependencies []string
-	if dialOptions.Detour != "" {
-		dependencies = []string{dialOptions.Detour}
-	}
-	return NewAdapter(outboundType, outboundTag, network, dependencies)
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Type() string {
-	return a.outboundType
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Tag() string {
-	return a.outboundTag
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Network() []string {
-	return a.network
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Dependencies() []string {
-	return a.dependencies
-}
--- a/adapter/outbound/manager.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound/manager.go
@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-package outbound
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-)
-
-var _ adapter.OutboundManager = (*Manager)(nil)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	logger                  log.ContextLogger
-	registry                adapter.OutboundRegistry
-	endpoint                adapter.EndpointManager
-	defaultTag              string
-	access                  sync.RWMutex
-	started                 bool
-	stage                   adapter.StartStage
-	outbounds               []adapter.Outbound
-	outboundByTag           map[string]adapter.Outbound
-	dependByTag             map[string][]string
-	defaultOutbound         adapter.Outbound
-	defaultOutboundFallback adapter.Outbound
-}
-
-func NewManager(logger logger.ContextLogger, registry adapter.OutboundRegistry, endpoint adapter.EndpointManager, defaultTag string) *Manager {
-	return &Manager{
-		logger:        logger,
-		registry:      registry,
-		endpoint:      endpoint,
-		defaultTag:    defaultTag,
-		outboundByTag: make(map[string]adapter.Outbound),
-		dependByTag:   make(map[string][]string),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Initialize(defaultOutboundFallback adapter.Outbound) {
-	m.defaultOutboundFallback = defaultOutboundFallback
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	if m.started && m.stage >= stage {
-		panic("already started")
-	}
-	m.started = true
-	m.stage = stage
-	outbounds := m.outbounds
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	if stage == adapter.StartStateStart {
-		if m.defaultTag != "" && m.defaultOutbound == nil {
-			defaultEndpoint, loaded := m.endpoint.Get(m.defaultTag)
-			if !loaded {
-				return E.New("default outbound not found: ", m.defaultTag)
-			}
-			m.defaultOutbound = defaultEndpoint
-		}
-		return m.startOutbounds(append(outbounds, common.Map(m.endpoint.Endpoints(), func(it adapter.Endpoint) adapter.Outbound { return it })...))
-	} else {
-		for _, outbound := range outbounds {
-			err := adapter.LegacyStart(outbound, stage)
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, stage, " outbound/", outbound.Type(), "[", outbound.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) startOutbounds(outbounds []adapter.Outbound) error {
-	monitor := taskmonitor.New(m.logger, C.StartTimeout)
-	started := make(map[string]bool)
-	for {
-		canContinue := false
-	startOne:
-		for _, outboundToStart := range outbounds {
-			outboundTag := outboundToStart.Tag()
-			if started[outboundTag] {
-				continue
-			}
-			dependencies := outboundToStart.Dependencies()
-			for _, dependency := range dependencies {
-				if !started[dependency] {
-					continue startOne
-				}
-			}
-			started[outboundTag] = true
-			canContinue = true
-			if starter, isStarter := outboundToStart.(adapter.Lifecycle); isStarter {
-				monitor.Start("start outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
-				err := starter.Start(adapter.StartStateStart)
-				monitor.Finish()
-				if err != nil {
-					return E.Cause(err, "start outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
-				}
-			} else if starter, isStarter := outboundToStart.(interface {
-				Start() error
-			}); isStarter {
-				monitor.Start("start outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
-				err := starter.Start()
-				monitor.Finish()
-				if err != nil {
-					return E.Cause(err, "start outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if len(started) == len(outbounds) {
-			break
-		}
-		if canContinue {
-			continue
-		}
-		currentOutbound := common.Find(outbounds, func(it adapter.Outbound) bool {
-			return !started[it.Tag()]
-		})
-		var lintOutbound func(oTree []string, oCurrent adapter.Outbound) error
-		lintOutbound = func(oTree []string, oCurrent adapter.Outbound) error {
-			problemOutboundTag := common.Find(oCurrent.Dependencies(), func(it string) bool {
-				return !started[it]
-			})
-			if common.Contains(oTree, problemOutboundTag) {
-				return E.New("circular outbound dependency: ", strings.Join(oTree, " -> "), " -> ", problemOutboundTag)
-			}
-			m.access.Lock()
-			problemOutbound := m.outboundByTag[problemOutboundTag]
-			m.access.Unlock()
-			if problemOutbound == nil {
-				return E.New("dependency[", problemOutboundTag, "] not found for outbound[", oCurrent.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-			return lintOutbound(append(oTree, problemOutboundTag), problemOutbound)
-		}
-		return lintOutbound([]string{currentOutbound.Tag()}, currentOutbound)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	monitor := taskmonitor.New(m.logger, C.StopTimeout)
-	m.access.Lock()
-	if !m.started {
-		m.access.Unlock()
-		return nil
-	}
-	m.started = false
-	outbounds := m.outbounds
-	m.outbounds = nil
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	var err error
-	for _, outbound := range outbounds {
-		if closer, isCloser := outbound.(io.Closer); isCloser {
-			monitor.Start("close outbound/", outbound.Type(), "[", outbound.Tag(), "]")
-			err = E.Append(err, closer.Close(), func(err error) error {
-				return E.Cause(err, "close outbound/", outbound.Type(), "[", outbound.Tag(), "]")
-			})
-			monitor.Finish()
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Outbounds() []adapter.Outbound {
-	m.access.RLock()
-	defer m.access.RUnlock()
-	return m.outbounds
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Outbound(tag string) (adapter.Outbound, bool) {
-	m.access.RLock()
-	outbound, found := m.outboundByTag[tag]
-	m.access.RUnlock()
-	if found {
-		return outbound, true
-	}
-	return m.endpoint.Get(tag)
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Default() adapter.Outbound {
-	m.access.RLock()
-	defer m.access.RUnlock()
-	if m.defaultOutbound != nil {
-		return m.defaultOutbound
-	} else {
-		return m.defaultOutboundFallback
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Remove(tag string) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	outbound, found := m.outboundByTag[tag]
-	if !found {
-		return os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-	delete(m.outboundByTag, tag)
-	index := common.Index(m.outbounds, func(it adapter.Outbound) bool {
-		return it == outbound
-	})
-	if index == -1 {
-		panic("invalid inbound index")
-	}
-	m.outbounds = append(m.outbounds[:index], m.outbounds[index+1:]...)
-	started := m.started
-	if m.defaultOutbound == outbound {
-		if len(m.outbounds) > 0 {
-			m.defaultOutbound = m.outbounds[0]
-			m.logger.Info("updated default outbound to ", m.defaultOutbound.Tag())
-		} else {
-			m.defaultOutbound = nil
-		}
-	}
-	dependBy := m.dependByTag[tag]
-	if len(dependBy) > 0 {
-		return E.New("outbound[", tag, "] is depended by ", strings.Join(dependBy, ", "))
-	}
-	dependencies := outbound.Dependencies()
-	for _, dependency := range dependencies {
-		if len(m.dependByTag[dependency]) == 1 {
-			delete(m.dependByTag, dependency)
-		} else {
-			m.dependByTag[dependency] = common.Filter(m.dependByTag[dependency], func(it string) bool {
-				return it != tag
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	if started {
-		return common.Close(outbound)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Create(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, inboundType string, options any) error {
-	if tag == "" {
-		return os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-	outbound, err := m.registry.CreateOutbound(ctx, router, logger, tag, inboundType, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.started {
-		for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
-			err = adapter.LegacyStart(outbound, stage)
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, stage, " outbound/", outbound.Type(), "[", outbound.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if existsOutbound, loaded := m.outboundByTag[tag]; loaded {
-		if m.started {
-			err = common.Close(existsOutbound)
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, "close outbound/", existsOutbound.Type(), "[", existsOutbound.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-		existsIndex := common.Index(m.outbounds, func(it adapter.Outbound) bool {
-			return it == existsOutbound
-		})
-		if existsIndex == -1 {
-			panic("invalid inbound index")
-		}
-		m.outbounds = append(m.outbounds[:existsIndex], m.outbounds[existsIndex+1:]...)
-	}
-	m.outbounds = append(m.outbounds, outbound)
-	m.outboundByTag[tag] = outbound
-	dependencies := outbound.Dependencies()
-	for _, dependency := range dependencies {
-		m.dependByTag[dependency] = append(m.dependByTag[dependency], tag)
-	}
-	if tag == m.defaultTag || (m.defaultTag == "" && m.defaultOutbound == nil) {
-		m.defaultOutbound = outbound
-		if m.started {
-			m.logger.Info("updated default outbound to ", outbound.Tag())
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/adapter/outbound/registry.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound/registry.go
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package outbound
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-type ConstructorFunc[T any] func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options T) (adapter.Outbound, error)
-
-func Register[Options any](registry *Registry, outboundType string, constructor ConstructorFunc[Options]) {
-	registry.register(outboundType, func() any {
-		return new(Options)
-	}, func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, rawOptions any) (adapter.Outbound, error) {
-		var options *Options
-		if rawOptions != nil {
-			options = rawOptions.(*Options)
-		}
-		return constructor(ctx, router, logger, tag, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options))
-	})
-}
-
-var _ adapter.OutboundRegistry = (*Registry)(nil)
-
-type (
-	optionsConstructorFunc func() any
-	constructorFunc        func(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options any) (adapter.Outbound, error)
-)
-
-type Registry struct {
-	access       sync.Mutex
-	optionsType  map[string]optionsConstructorFunc
-	constructors map[string]constructorFunc
-}
-
-func NewRegistry() *Registry {
-	return &Registry{
-		optionsType:  make(map[string]optionsConstructorFunc),
-		constructors: make(map[string]constructorFunc),
-	}
-}
-
-func (r *Registry) CreateOptions(outboundType string) (any, bool) {
-	r.access.Lock()
-	defer r.access.Unlock()
-	optionsConstructor, loaded := r.optionsType[outboundType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	return optionsConstructor(), true
-}
-
-func (r *Registry) CreateOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (adapter.Outbound, error) {
-	r.access.Lock()
-	defer r.access.Unlock()
-	constructor, loaded := r.constructors[outboundType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, E.New("outbound type not found: " + outboundType)
-	}
-	return constructor(ctx, router, logger, tag, options)
-}
-
-func (r *Registry) register(outboundType string, optionsConstructor optionsConstructorFunc, constructor constructorFunc) {
-	r.access.Lock()
-	defer r.access.Unlock()
-	r.optionsType[outboundType] = optionsConstructor
-	r.constructors[outboundType] = constructor
-}
--- a/adapter/prestart.go
+++ b/adapter/prestart.go
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
 package adapter
+
+type PreStarter interface {
+	PreStart() error
+}
+
+type PostStarter interface {
+	PostStart() error
+}
--- a/adapter/router.go
+++ b/adapter/router.go
@@ -2,50 +2,103 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"sync"
+	"net/netip"

-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/geoip"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"

+	mdns "github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

 type Router interface {
-	Lifecycle
+	Service
+	PreStarter
+	PostStarter
+	Cleanup() error
+
+	Outbounds() []Outbound
+	Outbound(tag string) (Outbound, bool)
+	DefaultOutbound(network string) (Outbound, error)
+
+	FakeIPStore() FakeIPStore
+
 	ConnectionRouter
-	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext) error
-	ConnectionRouterEx
+
+	GeoIPReader() *geoip.Reader
+	LoadGeosite(code string) (Rule, error)
+
 	RuleSet(tag string) (RuleSet, bool)
+
 	NeedWIFIState() bool
+
+	Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mdns.Msg) (*mdns.Msg, error)
+	Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, strategy dns.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.Addr, error)
+	LookupDefault(ctx context.Context, domain string) ([]netip.Addr, error)
+	ClearDNSCache()
+
+	InterfaceFinder() control.InterfaceFinder
+	UpdateInterfaces() error
+	DefaultInterface() string
+	AutoDetectInterface() bool
+	AutoDetectInterfaceFunc() control.Func
+	DefaultMark() uint32
+	RegisterAutoRedirectOutputMark(mark uint32) error
+	AutoRedirectOutputMark() uint32
+	NetworkMonitor() tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor
+	InterfaceMonitor() tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
+	PackageManager() tun.PackageManager
+	WIFIState() WIFIState
 	Rules() []Rule
-	SetTracker(tracker ConnectionTracker)
-	ResetNetwork()
+
+	ClashServer() ClashServer
+	SetClashServer(server ClashServer)
+
+	V2RayServer() V2RayServer
+	SetV2RayServer(server V2RayServer)
+
+	ResetNetwork() error
 }

-type ConnectionTracker interface {
-	RoutedConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, matchedRule Rule, matchOutbound Outbound) net.Conn
-	RoutedPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, matchedRule Rule, matchOutbound Outbound) N.PacketConn
+func ContextWithRouter(ctx context.Context, router Router) context.Context {
+	return service.ContextWith(ctx, router)
 }

-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-type ConnectionRouter interface {
-	RouteConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
-	RoutePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
+func RouterFromContext(ctx context.Context) Router {
+	return service.FromContext[Router](ctx)
 }

-type ConnectionRouterEx interface {
-	ConnectionRouter
-	RouteConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
-	RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
+type HeadlessRule interface {
+	Match(metadata *InboundContext) bool
+	String() string
+}
+
+type Rule interface {
+	HeadlessRule
+	Service
+	Type() string
+	UpdateGeosite() error
+	Outbound() string
+}
+
+type DNSRule interface {
+	Rule
+	DisableCache() bool
+	RewriteTTL() *uint32
+	ClientSubnet() *netip.Prefix
+	WithAddressLimit() bool
+	MatchAddressLimit(metadata *InboundContext) bool
 }

 type RuleSet interface {
 	Name() string
-	StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext *HTTPStartContext) error
+	StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext RuleSetStartContext) error
 	PostStart() error
 	Metadata() RuleSetMetadata
 	ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet
@@ -65,40 +118,17 @@ type RuleSetMetadata struct {
 	ContainsWIFIRule    bool
 	ContainsIPCIDRRule  bool
 }
-type HTTPStartContext struct {
-	access          sync.Mutex
-	httpClientCache map[string]*http.Client
+
+type RuleSetStartContext interface {
+	HTTPClient(detour string, dialer N.Dialer) *http.Client
+	Close()
 }

-func NewHTTPStartContext() *HTTPStartContext {
-	return &HTTPStartContext{
-		httpClientCache: make(map[string]*http.Client),
-	}
+type InterfaceUpdateListener interface {
+	InterfaceUpdated()
 }

-func (c *HTTPStartContext) HTTPClient(detour string, dialer N.Dialer) *http.Client {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	if httpClient, loaded := c.httpClientCache[detour]; loaded {
-		return httpClient
-	}
-	httpClient := &http.Client{
-		Transport: &http.Transport{
-			ForceAttemptHTTP2:   true,
-			TLSHandshakeTimeout: C.TCPTimeout,
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	c.httpClientCache[detour] = httpClient
-	return httpClient
-}
-
-func (c *HTTPStartContext) Close() {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	for _, client := range c.httpClientCache {
-		client.CloseIdleConnections()
-	}
+type WIFIState struct {
+	SSID  string
+	BSSID string
 }
--- a/adapter/rule.go
+++ b/adapter/rule.go
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-)
-
-type HeadlessRule interface {
-	Match(metadata *InboundContext) bool
-	String() string
-}
-
-type Rule interface {
-	HeadlessRule
-	Service
-	Type() string
-	Action() RuleAction
-}
-
-type DNSRule interface {
-	Rule
-	WithAddressLimit() bool
-	MatchAddressLimit(metadata *InboundContext) bool
-}
-
-type RuleAction interface {
-	Type() string
-	String() string
-}
-
-func IsFinalAction(action RuleAction) bool {
-	switch action.Type() {
-	case C.RuleActionTypeSniff, C.RuleActionTypeResolve:
-		return false
-	default:
-		return true
-	}
-}
--- a/adapter/upstream.go
+++ b/adapter/upstream.go
@@ -4,165 +4,112 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net"

+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

 type (
-	ConnectionHandlerFuncEx       = func(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
-	PacketConnectionHandlerFuncEx = func(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
+	ConnectionHandlerFunc       = func(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
+	PacketConnectionHandlerFunc = func(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
 )

-func NewUpstreamHandlerEx(
+func NewUpstreamHandler(
 	metadata InboundContext,
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFuncEx,
-	packetHandler PacketConnectionHandlerFuncEx,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx {
-	return &myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx{
+	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc,
+	packetHandler PacketConnectionHandlerFunc,
+	errorHandler E.Handler,
+) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
+	return &myUpstreamHandlerWrapper{
 		metadata:          metadata,
 		connectionHandler: connectionHandler,
 		packetHandler:     packetHandler,
+		errorHandler:      errorHandler,
 	}
 }

-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx = (*myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx)(nil)
+var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapter = (*myUpstreamHandlerWrapper)(nil)

-type myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx struct {
+type myUpstreamHandlerWrapper struct {
 	metadata          InboundContext
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFuncEx
-	packetHandler     PacketConnectionHandlerFuncEx
+	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc
+	packetHandler     PacketConnectionHandlerFunc
+	errorHandler      E.Handler
 }

-func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
+func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
 	myMetadata := w.metadata
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = source
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
 	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = destination
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
 	}
-	w.connectionHandler(ctx, conn, myMetadata, onClose)
+	return w.connectionHandler(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
 }

-func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
+func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
 	myMetadata := w.metadata
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = source
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
 	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = destination
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
 	}
-	w.packetHandler(ctx, conn, myMetadata, onClose)
+	return w.packetHandler(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
 }

-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx = (*myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx)(nil)
-
-type myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx struct {
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFuncEx
-	packetHandler     PacketConnectionHandlerFuncEx
+func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	w.errorHandler.NewError(ctx, err)
 }

-func NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx(
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFuncEx,
-	packetHandler PacketConnectionHandlerFuncEx,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx {
-	return &myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx{
+func UpstreamMetadata(metadata InboundContext) M.Metadata {
+	return M.Metadata{
+		Source:      metadata.Source,
+		Destination: metadata.Destination,
+	}
+}
+
+type myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper struct {
+	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc
+	packetHandler     PacketConnectionHandlerFunc
+	errorHandler      E.Handler
+}
+
+func NewUpstreamContextHandler(
+	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc,
+	packetHandler PacketConnectionHandlerFunc,
+	errorHandler E.Handler,
+) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
+	return &myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper{
 		connectionHandler: connectionHandler,
 		packetHandler:     packetHandler,
+		errorHandler:      errorHandler,
 	}
 }

-func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
+func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
 	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = source
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
 	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = destination
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
 	}
-	w.connectionHandler(ctx, conn, *myMetadata, onClose)
+	return w.connectionHandler(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
 }

-func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
+func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
 	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = source
+	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
 	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = destination
+	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
+		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
 	}
-	w.packetHandler(ctx, conn, *myMetadata, onClose)
+	return w.packetHandler(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
 }

-func NewRouteHandlerEx(
-	metadata InboundContext,
-	router ConnectionRouterEx,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx {
-	return &routeHandlerWrapperEx{
-		metadata: metadata,
-		router:   router,
-	}
-}
-
-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx = (*routeHandlerWrapperEx)(nil)
-
-type routeHandlerWrapperEx struct {
-	metadata InboundContext
-	router   ConnectionRouterEx
-}
-
-func (r *routeHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		r.metadata.Source = source
-	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		r.metadata.Destination = destination
-	}
-	r.router.RouteConnectionEx(ctx, conn, r.metadata, onClose)
-}
-
-func (r *routeHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		r.metadata.Source = source
-	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		r.metadata.Destination = destination
-	}
-	r.router.RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx, conn, r.metadata, onClose)
-}
-
-func NewRouteContextHandlerEx(
-	router ConnectionRouterEx,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx {
-	return &routeContextHandlerWrapperEx{
-		router: router,
-	}
-}
-
-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapterEx = (*routeContextHandlerWrapperEx)(nil)
-
-type routeContextHandlerWrapperEx struct {
-	router ConnectionRouterEx
-}
-
-func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		metadata.Source = source
-	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		metadata.Destination = destination
-	}
-	r.router.RouteConnectionEx(ctx, conn, *metadata, onClose)
-}
-
-func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if source.IsValid() {
-		metadata.Source = source
-	}
-	if destination.IsValid() {
-		metadata.Destination = destination
-	}
-	r.router.RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx, conn, *metadata, onClose)
+func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	w.errorHandler.NewError(ctx, err)
 }
--- a/adapter/upstream_legacy.go
+++ b/adapter/upstream_legacy.go
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type (
-	// Deprecated
-	ConnectionHandlerFunc = func(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext) error
-	// Deprecated
-	PacketConnectionHandlerFunc = func(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext) error
-)
-
-// Deprecated
-//
-//nolint:staticcheck
-func NewUpstreamHandler(
-	metadata InboundContext,
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc,
-	packetHandler PacketConnectionHandlerFunc,
-	errorHandler E.Handler,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
-	return &myUpstreamHandlerWrapper{
-		metadata:          metadata,
-		connectionHandler: connectionHandler,
-		packetHandler:     packetHandler,
-		errorHandler:      errorHandler,
-	}
-}
-
-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapter = (*myUpstreamHandlerWrapper)(nil)
-
-// Deprecated: use myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx instead.
-//
-//nolint:staticcheck
-type myUpstreamHandlerWrapper struct {
-	metadata          InboundContext
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc
-	packetHandler     PacketConnectionHandlerFunc
-	errorHandler      E.Handler
-}
-
-// Deprecated: use myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx instead.
-func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := w.metadata
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.connectionHandler(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: use myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx instead.
-func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := w.metadata
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.packetHandler(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: use myUpstreamHandlerWrapperEx instead.
-func (w *myUpstreamHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
-	w.errorHandler.NewError(ctx, err)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: removed
-func UpstreamMetadata(metadata InboundContext) M.Metadata {
-	return M.Metadata{
-		Source:      metadata.Source,
-		Destination: metadata.Destination,
-	}
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx instead.
-type myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper struct {
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc
-	packetHandler     PacketConnectionHandlerFunc
-	errorHandler      E.Handler
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx instead.
-func NewUpstreamContextHandler(
-	connectionHandler ConnectionHandlerFunc,
-	packetHandler PacketConnectionHandlerFunc,
-	errorHandler E.Handler,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
-	return &myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper{
-		connectionHandler: connectionHandler,
-		packetHandler:     packetHandler,
-		errorHandler:      errorHandler,
-	}
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx instead.
-func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.connectionHandler(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx instead.
-func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.packetHandler(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx instead.
-func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
-	w.errorHandler.NewError(ctx, err)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func NewRouteHandler(
-	metadata InboundContext,
-	router ConnectionRouter,
-	logger logger.ContextLogger,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
-	return &routeHandlerWrapper{
-		metadata: metadata,
-		router:   router,
-		logger:   logger,
-	}
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func NewRouteContextHandler(
-	router ConnectionRouter,
-	logger logger.ContextLogger,
-) UpstreamHandlerAdapter {
-	return &routeContextHandlerWrapper{
-		router: router,
-		logger: logger,
-	}
-}
-
-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapter = (*routeHandlerWrapper)(nil)
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-//
-//nolint:staticcheck
-type routeHandlerWrapper struct {
-	metadata InboundContext
-	router   ConnectionRouter
-	logger   logger.ContextLogger
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func (w *routeHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := w.metadata
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func (w *routeHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := w.metadata
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.router.RoutePacketConnection(ctx, conn, myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func (w *routeHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
-	w.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, err)
-}
-
-var _ UpstreamHandlerAdapter = (*routeContextHandlerWrapper)(nil)
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-type routeContextHandlerWrapper struct {
-	router ConnectionRouter
-	logger logger.ContextLogger
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func (w *routeContextHandlerWrapper) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func (w *routeContextHandlerWrapper) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
-	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
-	if metadata.Source.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Source = metadata.Source
-	}
-	if metadata.Destination.IsValid() {
-		myMetadata.Destination = metadata.Destination
-	}
-	return w.router.RoutePacketConnection(ctx, conn, *myMetadata)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use ConnectionRouterEx instead.
-func (w *routeContextHandlerWrapper) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
-	w.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, err)
-}
--- a/adapter/v2ray.go
+++ b/adapter/v2ray.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net"

+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ type V2RayServerTransport interface {
 }

 type V2RayServerTransportHandler interface {
-	N.TCPConnectionHandlerEx
+	N.TCPConnectionHandler
+	E.Handler
 }

 type V2RayClientTransport interface {
--- a/box.go
+++ b/box.go
@@ -9,26 +9,19 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/endpoint"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/inbound"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/outbound"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/local"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/cachefile"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/inbound"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/protocol/direct"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/outbound"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/pause"
 )
@@ -37,55 +30,24 @@ var _ adapter.Service = (*Box)(nil)

 type Box struct {
 	createdAt    time.Time
+	router       adapter.Router
+	inbounds     []adapter.Inbound
+	outbounds    []adapter.Outbound
 	logFactory   log.Factory
 	logger       log.ContextLogger
-	network      *route.NetworkManager
-	endpoint     *endpoint.Manager
-	inbound      *inbound.Manager
-	outbound     *outbound.Manager
-	dnsTransport *dns.TransportManager
-	dnsRouter    *dns.Router
-	connection   *route.ConnectionManager
-	router       *route.Router
-	services     []adapter.LifecycleService
+	preServices1 map[string]adapter.Service
+	preServices2 map[string]adapter.Service
+	postServices map[string]adapter.Service
 	done         chan struct{}
 }

 type Options struct {
 	option.Options
 	Context           context.Context
+	PlatformInterface platform.Interface
 	PlatformLogWriter log.PlatformWriter
 }

-func Context(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	inboundRegistry adapter.InboundRegistry,
-	outboundRegistry adapter.OutboundRegistry,
-	endpointRegistry adapter.EndpointRegistry,
-	dnsTransportRegistry adapter.DNSTransportRegistry,
-) context.Context {
-	if service.FromContext[option.InboundOptionsRegistry](ctx) == nil ||
-		service.FromContext[adapter.InboundRegistry](ctx) == nil {
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.InboundOptionsRegistry](ctx, inboundRegistry)
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.InboundRegistry](ctx, inboundRegistry)
-	}
-	if service.FromContext[option.OutboundOptionsRegistry](ctx) == nil ||
-		service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundRegistry](ctx) == nil {
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.OutboundOptionsRegistry](ctx, outboundRegistry)
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.OutboundRegistry](ctx, outboundRegistry)
-	}
-	if service.FromContext[option.EndpointOptionsRegistry](ctx) == nil ||
-		service.FromContext[adapter.EndpointRegistry](ctx) == nil {
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.EndpointOptionsRegistry](ctx, endpointRegistry)
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.EndpointRegistry](ctx, endpointRegistry)
-	}
-	if service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportRegistry](ctx) == nil {
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.DNSTransportOptionsRegistry](ctx, dnsTransportRegistry)
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.DNSTransportRegistry](ctx, dnsTransportRegistry)
-	}
-	return ctx
-}
-
 func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	createdAt := time.Now()
 	ctx := options.Context
@@ -93,22 +55,6 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		ctx = context.Background()
 	}
 	ctx = service.ContextWithDefaultRegistry(ctx)
-
-	endpointRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.EndpointRegistry](ctx)
-	inboundRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundRegistry](ctx)
-	outboundRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundRegistry](ctx)
-	dnsTransportRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportRegistry](ctx)
-
-	if endpointRegistry == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("missing endpoint registry in context")
-	}
-	if inboundRegistry == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("missing inbound registry in context")
-	}
-	if outboundRegistry == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("missing outbound registry in context")
-	}
-
 	ctx = pause.WithDefaultManager(ctx)
 	experimentalOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Experimental)
 	applyDebugOptions(common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.Debug))
@@ -124,9 +70,8 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	if experimentalOptions.V2RayAPI != nil && experimentalOptions.V2RayAPI.Listen != "" {
 		needV2RayAPI = true
 	}
-	platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](ctx)
 	var defaultLogWriter io.Writer
-	if platformInterface != nil {
+	if options.PlatformInterface != nil {
 		defaultLogWriter = io.Discard
 	}
 	logFactory, err := log.New(log.Options{
@@ -140,203 +85,114 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create log factory")
 	}
-
-	routeOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Route)
-	dnsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.DNS)
-	endpointManager := endpoint.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("endpoint"), endpointRegistry)
-	inboundManager := inbound.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("inbound"), inboundRegistry, endpointManager)
-	outboundManager := outbound.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("outbound"), outboundRegistry, endpointManager, routeOptions.Final)
-	dnsTransportManager := dns.NewTransportManager(logFactory.NewLogger("dns/transport"), dnsTransportRegistry, outboundManager, dnsOptions.Final)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.EndpointManager](ctx, endpointManager)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.InboundManager](ctx, inboundManager)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.OutboundManager](ctx, outboundManager)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSTransportManager](ctx, dnsTransportManager)
-	dnsRouter := dns.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, dnsOptions)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx, dnsRouter)
-	networkManager, err := route.NewNetworkManager(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("network"), routeOptions)
+	router, err := route.NewRouter(
+		ctx,
+		logFactory,
+		common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Route),
+		common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.DNS),
+		common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.NTP),
+		options.Inbounds,
+		options.PlatformInterface,
+	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize network manager")
-	}
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx, networkManager)
-	connectionManager := route.NewConnectionManager(logFactory.NewLogger("connection"))
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.ConnectionManager](ctx, connectionManager)
-	router := route.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, routeOptions, dnsOptions)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.Router](ctx, router)
-	err = router.Initialize(routeOptions.Rules, routeOptions.RuleSet)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize router")
-	}
-	ntpOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.NTP)
-	var timeService *tls.TimeServiceWrapper
-	if ntpOptions.Enabled {
-		timeService = new(tls.TimeServiceWrapper)
-		service.MustRegister[ntp.TimeService](ctx, timeService)
-	}
-	for i, transportOptions := range dnsOptions.Servers {
-		var tag string
-		if transportOptions.Tag != "" {
-			tag = transportOptions.Tag
-		} else {
-			tag = F.ToString(i)
-		}
-		err = dnsTransportManager.Create(
-			ctx,
-			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("dns/", transportOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
-			tag,
-			transportOptions.Type,
-			transportOptions.Options,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound[", i, "]")
-		}
-	}
-	err = dnsRouter.Initialize(dnsOptions.Rules)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize dns router")
-	}
-	for i, endpointOptions := range options.Endpoints {
-		var tag string
-		if endpointOptions.Tag != "" {
-			tag = endpointOptions.Tag
-		} else {
-			tag = F.ToString(i)
-		}
-		err = endpointManager.Create(
-			ctx,
-			router,
-			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("endpoint/", endpointOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
-			tag,
-			endpointOptions.Type,
-			endpointOptions.Options,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound[", i, "]")
-		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse route options")
 	}
+	inbounds := make([]adapter.Inbound, 0, len(options.Inbounds))
+	outbounds := make([]adapter.Outbound, 0, len(options.Outbounds))
 	for i, inboundOptions := range options.Inbounds {
+		var in adapter.Inbound
 		var tag string
 		if inboundOptions.Tag != "" {
 			tag = inboundOptions.Tag
 		} else {
 			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		err = inboundManager.Create(
+		in, err = inbound.New(
 			ctx,
 			router,
 			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("inbound/", inboundOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
 			tag,
-			inboundOptions.Type,
-			inboundOptions.Options,
+			inboundOptions,
+			options.PlatformInterface,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound[", i, "]")
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse inbound[", i, "]")
 		}
+		inbounds = append(inbounds, in)
 	}
 	for i, outboundOptions := range options.Outbounds {
+		var out adapter.Outbound
 		var tag string
 		if outboundOptions.Tag != "" {
 			tag = outboundOptions.Tag
 		} else {
 			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		outboundCtx := ctx
-		if tag != "" {
-			// TODO: remove this
-			outboundCtx = adapter.WithContext(outboundCtx, &adapter.InboundContext{
-				Outbound: tag,
-			})
-		}
-		err = outboundManager.Create(
-			outboundCtx,
+		out, err = outbound.New(
+			ctx,
 			router,
 			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("outbound/", outboundOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
 			tag,
-			outboundOptions.Type,
-			outboundOptions.Options,
-		)
+			outboundOptions)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize outbound[", i, "]")
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse outbound[", i, "]")
 		}
+		outbounds = append(outbounds, out)
 	}
-	outboundManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
-		direct.NewOutbound(
-			ctx,
-			router,
-			logFactory.NewLogger("outbound/direct"),
-			"direct",
-			option.DirectOutboundOptions{},
-		),
-	))
-	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
-		local.NewTransport(
-			ctx,
-			logFactory.NewLogger("dns/local"),
-			"local",
-			option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
-		)))
-	if platformInterface != nil {
-		err = platformInterface.Initialize(networkManager)
+	err = router.Initialize(inbounds, outbounds, func() adapter.Outbound {
+		out, oErr := outbound.New(ctx, router, logFactory.NewLogger("outbound/direct"), "direct", option.Outbound{Type: "direct", Tag: "default"})
+		common.Must(oErr)
+		outbounds = append(outbounds, out)
+		return out
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if options.PlatformInterface != nil {
+		err = options.PlatformInterface.Initialize(ctx, router)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize platform interface")
 		}
 	}
-	var services []adapter.LifecycleService
+	preServices1 := make(map[string]adapter.Service)
+	preServices2 := make(map[string]adapter.Service)
+	postServices := make(map[string]adapter.Service)
 	if needCacheFile {
-		cacheFile := cachefile.New(ctx, common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.CacheFile))
-		service.MustRegister[adapter.CacheFile](ctx, cacheFile)
-		services = append(services, cacheFile)
+		cacheFile := service.FromContext[adapter.CacheFile](ctx)
+		if cacheFile == nil {
+			cacheFile = cachefile.New(ctx, common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.CacheFile))
+			service.MustRegister[adapter.CacheFile](ctx, cacheFile)
+		}
+		preServices1["cache file"] = cacheFile
 	}
 	if needClashAPI {
 		clashAPIOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.ClashAPI)
 		clashAPIOptions.ModeList = experimental.CalculateClashModeList(options.Options)
-		clashServer, err := experimental.NewClashServer(ctx, logFactory.(log.ObservableFactory), clashAPIOptions)
+		clashServer, err := experimental.NewClashServer(ctx, router, logFactory.(log.ObservableFactory), clashAPIOptions)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create clash-server")
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create clash api server")
 		}
-		router.SetTracker(clashServer)
-		service.MustRegister[adapter.ClashServer](ctx, clashServer)
-		services = append(services, clashServer)
+		router.SetClashServer(clashServer)
+		preServices2["clash api"] = clashServer
 	}
 	if needV2RayAPI {
 		v2rayServer, err := experimental.NewV2RayServer(logFactory.NewLogger("v2ray-api"), common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.V2RayAPI))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create v2ray-server")
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create v2ray api server")
 		}
-		if v2rayServer.StatsService() != nil {
-			router.SetTracker(v2rayServer.StatsService())
-			services = append(services, v2rayServer)
-			service.MustRegister[adapter.V2RayServer](ctx, v2rayServer)
-		}
-	}
-	if ntpOptions.Enabled {
-		ntpDialer, err := dialer.New(ctx, ntpOptions.DialerOptions, ntpOptions.ServerIsDomain())
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create NTP service")
-		}
-		ntpService := ntp.NewService(ntp.Options{
-			Context:       ctx,
-			Dialer:        ntpDialer,
-			Logger:        logFactory.NewLogger("ntp"),
-			Server:        ntpOptions.ServerOptions.Build(),
-			Interval:      time.Duration(ntpOptions.Interval),
-			WriteToSystem: ntpOptions.WriteToSystem,
-		})
-		timeService.TimeService = ntpService
-		services = append(services, adapter.NewLifecycleService(ntpService, "ntp service"))
+		router.SetV2RayServer(v2rayServer)
+		preServices2["v2ray api"] = v2rayServer
 	}
 	return &Box{
-		network:      networkManager,
-		endpoint:     endpointManager,
-		inbound:      inboundManager,
-		outbound:     outboundManager,
-		dnsTransport: dnsTransportManager,
-		dnsRouter:    dnsRouter,
-		connection:   connectionManager,
 		router:       router,
+		inbounds:     inbounds,
+		outbounds:    outbounds,
 		createdAt:    createdAt,
 		logFactory:   logFactory,
 		logger:       logFactory.Logger(),
-		services:     services,
+		preServices1: preServices1,
+		preServices2: preServices2,
+		postServices: postServices,
 		done:         make(chan struct{}),
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -387,19 +243,35 @@ func (s *Box) preStart() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return E.Cause(err, "start logger")
 	}
-	err = adapter.StartNamed(adapter.StartStateInitialize, s.services) // cache-file clash-api v2ray-api
+	for serviceName, service := range s.preServices1 {
+		if preService, isPreService := service.(adapter.PreStarter); isPreService {
+			monitor.Start("pre-start ", serviceName)
+			err := preService.PreStart()
+			monitor.Finish()
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, "pre-start ", serviceName)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for serviceName, service := range s.preServices2 {
+		if preService, isPreService := service.(adapter.PreStarter); isPreService {
+			monitor.Start("pre-start ", serviceName)
+			err := preService.PreStart()
+			monitor.Finish()
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, "pre-start ", serviceName)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	err = s.router.PreStart()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "pre-start router")
+	}
+	err = s.startOutbounds()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(adapter.StartStateInitialize, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.Start(adapter.StartStateStart, s.outbound, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.network, s.connection, s.router)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+	return s.router.Start()
 }

 func (s *Box) start() error {
@@ -407,33 +279,64 @@ func (s *Box) start() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.StartNamed(adapter.StartStateStart, s.services)
+	for serviceName, service := range s.preServices1 {
+		err = service.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "start ", serviceName)
+		}
+	}
+	for serviceName, service := range s.preServices2 {
+		err = service.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "start ", serviceName)
+		}
+	}
+	for i, in := range s.inbounds {
+		var tag string
+		if in.Tag() == "" {
+			tag = F.ToString(i)
+		} else {
+			tag = in.Tag()
+		}
+		err = in.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound/", in.Type(), "[", tag, "]")
+		}
+	}
+	err = s.postStart()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = s.inbound.Start(adapter.StartStateStart)
+	return s.router.Cleanup()
+}
+
+func (s *Box) postStart() error {
+	for serviceName, service := range s.postServices {
+		err := service.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "start ", serviceName)
+		}
+	}
+	// TODO: reorganize ALL start order
+	for _, out := range s.outbounds {
+		if lateOutbound, isLateOutbound := out.(adapter.PostStarter); isLateOutbound {
+			err := lateOutbound.PostStart()
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, "post-start outbound/", out.Tag())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	err := s.router.PostStart()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(adapter.StartStateStart, s.endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.Start(adapter.StartStatePostStart, s.outbound, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.inbound, s.endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.StartNamed(adapter.StartStatePostStart, s.services)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.Start(adapter.StartStateStarted, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.StartNamed(adapter.StartStateStarted, s.services)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	for _, in := range s.inbounds {
+		if lateInbound, isLateInbound := in.(adapter.PostStarter); isLateInbound {
+			err = lateInbound.PostStart()
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, "post-start inbound/", in.Tag())
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -445,32 +348,58 @@ func (s *Box) Close() error {
 	default:
 		close(s.done)
 	}
-	err := common.Close(
-		s.inbound, s.outbound, s.endpoint, s.router, s.connection, s.dnsRouter, s.dnsTransport, s.network,
-	)
-	for _, lifecycleService := range s.services {
-		err = E.Append(err, lifecycleService.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close ", lifecycleService.Name())
+	monitor := taskmonitor.New(s.logger, C.StopTimeout)
+	var errors error
+	for serviceName, service := range s.postServices {
+		monitor.Start("close ", serviceName)
+		errors = E.Append(errors, service.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close ", serviceName)
+		})
+		monitor.Finish()
+	}
+	for i, in := range s.inbounds {
+		monitor.Start("close inbound/", in.Type(), "[", i, "]")
+		errors = E.Append(errors, in.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close inbound/", in.Type(), "[", i, "]")
+		})
+		monitor.Finish()
+	}
+	for i, out := range s.outbounds {
+		monitor.Start("close outbound/", out.Type(), "[", i, "]")
+		errors = E.Append(errors, common.Close(out), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close outbound/", out.Type(), "[", i, "]")
+		})
+		monitor.Finish()
+	}
+	monitor.Start("close router")
+	if err := common.Close(s.router); err != nil {
+		errors = E.Append(errors, err, func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close router")
 		})
 	}
-	err = E.Append(err, s.logFactory.Close(), func(err error) error {
-		return E.Cause(err, "close logger")
-	})
-	return err
-}
-
-func (s *Box) Network() adapter.NetworkManager {
-	return s.network
+	monitor.Finish()
+	for serviceName, service := range s.preServices1 {
+		monitor.Start("close ", serviceName)
+		errors = E.Append(errors, service.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close ", serviceName)
+		})
+		monitor.Finish()
+	}
+	for serviceName, service := range s.preServices2 {
+		monitor.Start("close ", serviceName)
+		errors = E.Append(errors, service.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close ", serviceName)
+		})
+		monitor.Finish()
+	}
+	if err := common.Close(s.logFactory); err != nil {
+		errors = E.Append(errors, err, func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close logger")
+		})
+	}
+	return errors
 }

 func (s *Box) Router() adapter.Router {
 	return s.router
 }
-
-func (s *Box) Inbound() adapter.InboundManager {
-	return s.inbound
-}
-
-func (s *Box) Outbound() adapter.OutboundManager {
-	return s.outbound
-}
--- a/box_outbound.go
+++ b/box_outbound.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package box
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+)
+
+func (s *Box) startOutbounds() error {
+	monitor := taskmonitor.New(s.logger, C.StartTimeout)
+	outboundTags := make(map[adapter.Outbound]string)
+	outbounds := make(map[string]adapter.Outbound)
+	for i, outboundToStart := range s.outbounds {
+		var outboundTag string
+		if outboundToStart.Tag() == "" {
+			outboundTag = F.ToString(i)
+		} else {
+			outboundTag = outboundToStart.Tag()
+		}
+		if _, exists := outbounds[outboundTag]; exists {
+			return E.New("outbound tag ", outboundTag, " duplicated")
+		}
+		outboundTags[outboundToStart] = outboundTag
+		outbounds[outboundTag] = outboundToStart
+	}
+	started := make(map[string]bool)
+	for {
+		canContinue := false
+	startOne:
+		for _, outboundToStart := range s.outbounds {
+			outboundTag := outboundTags[outboundToStart]
+			if started[outboundTag] {
+				continue
+			}
+			dependencies := outboundToStart.Dependencies()
+			for _, dependency := range dependencies {
+				if !started[dependency] {
+					continue startOne
+				}
+			}
+			started[outboundTag] = true
+			canContinue = true
+			if starter, isStarter := outboundToStart.(interface {
+				Start() error
+			}); isStarter {
+				monitor.Start("initialize outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
+				err := starter.Start()
+				monitor.Finish()
+				if err != nil {
+					return E.Cause(err, "initialize outbound/", outboundToStart.Type(), "[", outboundTag, "]")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(started) == len(s.outbounds) {
+			break
+		}
+		if canContinue {
+			continue
+		}
+		currentOutbound := common.Find(s.outbounds, func(it adapter.Outbound) bool {
+			return !started[outboundTags[it]]
+		})
+		var lintOutbound func(oTree []string, oCurrent adapter.Outbound) error
+		lintOutbound = func(oTree []string, oCurrent adapter.Outbound) error {
+			problemOutboundTag := common.Find(oCurrent.Dependencies(), func(it string) bool {
+				return !started[it]
+			})
+			if common.Contains(oTree, problemOutboundTag) {
+				return E.New("circular outbound dependency: ", strings.Join(oTree, " -> "), " -> ", problemOutboundTag)
+			}
+			problemOutbound := outbounds[problemOutboundTag]
+			if problemOutbound == nil {
+				return E.New("dependency[", problemOutboundTag, "] not found for outbound[", outboundTags[oCurrent], "]")
+			}
+			return lintOutbound(append(oTree, problemOutboundTag), problemOutbound)
+		}
+		return lintOutbound([]string{outboundTags[currentOutbound]}, currentOutbound)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/clients/android
+++ b/clients/android
--- a/clients/apple
+++ b/clients/apple
--- a/cmd/internal/app_store_connect/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/app_store_connect/main.go
@@ -1,445 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/asc-go/asc"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/build_shared"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	switch os.Args[1] {
-	case "next_macos_project_version":
-		err := fetchMacOSVersion(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	case "publish_testflight":
-		err := publishTestflight(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	case "cancel_app_store":
-		err := cancelAppStore(ctx, os.Args[2])
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	case "prepare_app_store":
-		err := prepareAppStore(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	case "publish_app_store":
-		err := publishAppStore(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	default:
-		log.Fatal("unknown action: ", os.Args[1])
-	}
-}
-
-const (
-	appID   = "6673731168"
-	groupID = "5c5f3b78-b7a0-40c0-bcad-e6ef87bbefda"
-)
-
-func createClient(expireDuration time.Duration) *asc.Client {
-	privateKey, err := os.ReadFile(os.Getenv("ASC_KEY_PATH"))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	tokenConfig, err := asc.NewTokenConfig(os.Getenv("ASC_KEY_ID"), os.Getenv("ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID"), expireDuration, privateKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	return asc.NewClient(tokenConfig.Client())
-}
-
-func fetchMacOSVersion(ctx context.Context) error {
-	client := createClient(time.Minute)
-	versions, _, err := client.Apps.ListAppStoreVersionsForApp(ctx, appID, &asc.ListAppStoreVersionsQuery{
-		FilterPlatform: []string{"MAC_OS"},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	var versionID string
-findVersion:
-	for _, version := range versions.Data {
-		switch *version.Attributes.AppStoreState {
-		case asc.AppStoreVersionStateReadyForSale,
-			asc.AppStoreVersionStatePendingDeveloperRelease:
-			versionID = version.ID
-			break findVersion
-		}
-	}
-	if versionID == "" {
-		return E.New("no version found")
-	}
-	latestBuild, _, err := client.Builds.GetBuildForAppStoreVersion(ctx, versionID, &asc.GetBuildForAppStoreVersionQuery{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	versionInt, err := strconv.Atoi(*latestBuild.Data.Attributes.Version)
-	if err != nil {
-		return E.Cause(err, "parse version code")
-	}
-	os.Stdout.WriteString(F.ToString(versionInt+1, "\n"))
-	return nil
-}
-
-func publishTestflight(ctx context.Context) error {
-	tagVersion, err := build_shared.ReadTagVersion()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	tag := tagVersion.VersionString()
-	client := createClient(10 * time.Minute)
-
-	log.Info(tag, " list build IDs")
-	buildIDsResponse, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBuildIDsForBetaGroup(ctx, groupID, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	buildIDs := common.Map(buildIDsResponse.Data, func(it asc.RelationshipData) string {
-		return it.ID
-	})
-	var platforms []asc.Platform
-	if len(os.Args) == 3 {
-		switch os.Args[2] {
-		case "ios":
-			platforms = []asc.Platform{asc.PlatformIOS}
-		case "macos":
-			platforms = []asc.Platform{asc.PlatformMACOS}
-		case "tvos":
-			platforms = []asc.Platform{asc.PlatformTVOS}
-		default:
-			return E.New("unknown platform: ", os.Args[2])
-		}
-	} else {
-		platforms = []asc.Platform{
-			asc.PlatformIOS,
-			asc.PlatformMACOS,
-			asc.PlatformTVOS,
-		}
-	}
-	for _, platform := range platforms {
-		log.Info(string(platform), " list builds")
-		for {
-			builds, _, err := client.Builds.ListBuilds(ctx, &asc.ListBuildsQuery{
-				FilterApp:                       []string{appID},
-				FilterPreReleaseVersionPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			build := builds.Data[0]
-			if common.Contains(buildIDs, build.ID) || time.Since(build.Attributes.UploadedDate.Time) > 5*time.Minute {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for process")
-				time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
-				continue
-			}
-			if *build.Attributes.ProcessingState != "VALID" {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for process: ", *build.Attributes.ProcessingState)
-				time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
-				continue
-			}
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list localizations")
-			localizations, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBetaBuildLocalizationsForBuild(ctx, build.ID, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			localization := common.Find(localizations.Data, func(it asc.BetaBuildLocalization) bool {
-				return *it.Attributes.Locale == "en-US"
-			})
-			if localization.ID == "" {
-				log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " no en-US localization found")
-			}
-			if localization.Attributes == nil || localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == nil || *localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == "" {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " update localization")
-				_, _, err = client.TestFlight.UpdateBetaBuildLocalization(ctx, localization.ID, common.Ptr(
-					F.ToString("sing-box ", tagVersion.String()),
-				))
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " publish")
-			response, err := client.TestFlight.AddBuildsToBetaGroup(ctx, groupID, []string{build.ID})
-			if response != nil && response.StatusCode == http.StatusUnprocessableEntity {
-				log.Info("waiting for process")
-				time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
-				continue
-			} else if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list submissions")
-			betaSubmissions, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBetaAppReviewSubmissions(ctx, &asc.ListBetaAppReviewSubmissionsQuery{
-				FilterBuild: []string{build.ID},
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if len(betaSubmissions.Data) == 0 {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " create submission")
-				_, _, err = client.TestFlight.CreateBetaAppReviewSubmission(ctx, build.ID)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func cancelAppStore(ctx context.Context, platform string) error {
-	switch platform {
-	case "ios":
-		platform = string(asc.PlatformIOS)
-	case "macos":
-		platform = string(asc.PlatformMACOS)
-	case "tvos":
-		platform = string(asc.PlatformTVOS)
-	}
-	tag, err := build_shared.ReadTag()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	client := createClient(time.Minute)
-	for {
-		log.Info(platform, " list versions")
-		versions, response, err := client.Apps.ListAppStoreVersionsForApp(ctx, appID, &asc.ListAppStoreVersionsQuery{
-			FilterPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
-		})
-		if isRetryable(response) {
-			continue
-		} else if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		version := common.Find(versions.Data, func(it asc.AppStoreVersion) bool {
-			return *it.Attributes.VersionString == tag
-		})
-		if version.ID == "" {
-			return nil
-		}
-		log.Info(platform, " ", tag, " get submission")
-		submission, response, err := client.Submission.GetAppStoreVersionSubmissionForAppStoreVersion(ctx, version.ID, nil)
-		if response != nil && response.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
-			return nil
-		}
-		if isRetryable(response) {
-			continue
-		} else if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		log.Info(platform, " ", tag, " delete submission")
-		_, err = client.Submission.DeleteSubmission(ctx, submission.Data.ID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-func prepareAppStore(ctx context.Context) error {
-	tag, err := build_shared.ReadTag()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	client := createClient(time.Minute)
-	for _, platform := range []asc.Platform{
-		asc.PlatformIOS,
-		asc.PlatformMACOS,
-		asc.PlatformTVOS,
-	} {
-		log.Info(string(platform), " list versions")
-		versions, _, err := client.Apps.ListAppStoreVersionsForApp(ctx, appID, &asc.ListAppStoreVersionsQuery{
-			FilterPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		version := common.Find(versions.Data, func(it asc.AppStoreVersion) bool {
-			return *it.Attributes.VersionString == tag
-		})
-		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list builds")
-		builds, _, err := client.Builds.ListBuilds(ctx, &asc.ListBuildsQuery{
-			FilterApp:                       []string{appID},
-			FilterPreReleaseVersionPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if len(builds.Data) == 0 {
-			log.Fatal(platform, " ", tag, " no build found")
-		}
-		buildID := common.Ptr(builds.Data[0].ID)
-		if version.ID == "" {
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " create version")
-			newVersion, _, err := client.Apps.CreateAppStoreVersion(ctx, asc.AppStoreVersionCreateRequestAttributes{
-				Platform:      platform,
-				VersionString: tag,
-			}, appID, buildID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			version = newVersion.Data
-
-		} else {
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " check build")
-			currentBuild, response, err := client.Apps.GetBuildIDForAppStoreVersion(ctx, version.ID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK || currentBuild.Data.ID != *buildID {
-				switch *version.Attributes.AppStoreState {
-				case asc.AppStoreVersionStatePrepareForSubmission,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStateRejected,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStateDeveloperRejected:
-				case asc.AppStoreVersionStateWaitingForReview,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStateInReview,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStatePendingDeveloperRelease:
-					submission, _, err := client.Submission.GetAppStoreVersionSubmissionForAppStoreVersion(ctx, version.ID, nil)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-					if submission != nil {
-						log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " delete submission")
-						_, err = client.Submission.DeleteSubmission(ctx, submission.Data.ID)
-						if err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-						time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
-					}
-				default:
-					log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " unknown state ", string(*version.Attributes.AppStoreState))
-				}
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " update build")
-				response, err = client.Apps.UpdateBuildForAppStoreVersion(ctx, version.ID, buildID)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if response.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
-					response.Write(os.Stderr)
-					log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " unexpected response: ", response.Status)
-				}
-			} else {
-				switch *version.Attributes.AppStoreState {
-				case asc.AppStoreVersionStatePrepareForSubmission,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStateRejected,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStateDeveloperRejected:
-				case asc.AppStoreVersionStateWaitingForReview,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStateInReview,
-					asc.AppStoreVersionStatePendingDeveloperRelease:
-					continue
-				default:
-					log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " unknown state ", string(*version.Attributes.AppStoreState))
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list localization")
-		localizations, _, err := client.Apps.ListLocalizationsForAppStoreVersion(ctx, version.ID, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		localization := common.Find(localizations.Data, func(it asc.AppStoreVersionLocalization) bool {
-			return *it.Attributes.Locale == "en-US"
-		})
-		if localization.ID == "" {
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " no en-US localization found")
-		}
-		if localization.Attributes == nil || localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == nil || *localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == "" {
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " update localization")
-			_, _, err = client.Apps.UpdateAppStoreVersionLocalization(ctx, localization.ID, &asc.AppStoreVersionLocalizationUpdateRequestAttributes{
-				PromotionalText: common.Ptr("Yet another distribution for sing-box, the universal proxy platform."),
-				WhatsNew:        common.Ptr(F.ToString("sing-box ", tag, ": Fixes and improvements.")),
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " create submission")
-	fixSubmit:
-		for {
-			_, response, err := client.Submission.CreateSubmission(ctx, version.ID)
-			if err != nil {
-				switch response.StatusCode {
-				case http.StatusInternalServerError:
-					continue
-				default:
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			switch response.StatusCode {
-			case http.StatusCreated:
-				break fixSubmit
-			default:
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func publishAppStore(ctx context.Context) error {
-	tag, err := build_shared.ReadTag()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	client := createClient(time.Minute)
-	for _, platform := range []asc.Platform{
-		asc.PlatformIOS,
-		asc.PlatformMACOS,
-		asc.PlatformTVOS,
-	} {
-		log.Info(string(platform), " list versions")
-		versions, _, err := client.Apps.ListAppStoreVersionsForApp(ctx, appID, &asc.ListAppStoreVersionsQuery{
-			FilterPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		version := common.Find(versions.Data, func(it asc.AppStoreVersion) bool {
-			return *it.Attributes.VersionString == tag
-		})
-		switch *version.Attributes.AppStoreState {
-		case asc.AppStoreVersionStatePrepareForSubmission, asc.AppStoreVersionStateDeveloperRejected:
-			log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " not submitted")
-		case asc.AppStoreVersionStateWaitingForReview,
-			asc.AppStoreVersionStateInReview:
-			log.Warn(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for review")
-			continue
-		case asc.AppStoreVersionStatePendingDeveloperRelease:
-		default:
-			log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " unknown state ", string(*version.Attributes.AppStoreState))
-		}
-		_, _, err = client.Publishing.CreatePhasedRelease(ctx, common.Ptr(asc.PhasedReleaseStateComplete), version.ID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func isRetryable(response *asc.Response) bool {
-	if response == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	switch response.StatusCode {
-	case http.StatusInternalServerError, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity:
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
@@ -10,21 +10,17 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/sagernet/gomobile"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/build_shared"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/shell"
 )

 var (
 	debugEnabled bool
 	target       string
-	platform     string
 )

 func init() {
 	flag.BoolVar(&debugEnabled, "debug", false, "enable debug")
 	flag.StringVar(&target, "target", "android", "target platform")
-	flag.StringVar(&platform, "platform", "", "specify platform")
 }

 func main() {
@@ -35,8 +31,8 @@ func main() {
 	switch target {
 	case "android":
 		buildAndroid()
-	case "apple":
-		buildApple()
+	case "ios":
+		buildiOS()
 	}
 }

@@ -66,35 +62,9 @@ func init() {
 func buildAndroid() {
 	build_shared.FindSDK()

-	var javaPath string
-	javaHome := os.Getenv("JAVA_HOME")
-	if javaHome == "" {
-		javaPath = "java"
-	} else {
-		javaPath = filepath.Join(javaHome, "bin", "java")
-	}
-
-	javaVersion, err := shell.Exec(javaPath, "--version").ReadOutput()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(E.Cause(err, "check java version"))
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(javaVersion, "openjdk 17") {
-		log.Fatal("java version should be openjdk 17")
-	}
-
-	var bindTarget string
-	if platform != "" {
-		bindTarget = platform
-	} else if debugEnabled {
-		bindTarget = "android/arm64"
-	} else {
-		bindTarget = "android"
-	}
-
 	args := []string{
 		"bind",
 		"-v",
-		"-target", bindTarget,
 		"-androidapi", "21",
 		"-javapkg=io.nekohasekai",
 		"-libname=box",
@@ -116,7 +86,7 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 	command := exec.Command(build_shared.GoBinPath+"/gomobile", args...)
 	command.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	command.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	err = command.Run()
+	err := command.Run()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -133,20 +103,11 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 	}
 }

-func buildApple() {
-	var bindTarget string
-	if platform != "" {
-		bindTarget = platform
-	} else if debugEnabled {
-		bindTarget = "ios"
-	} else {
-		bindTarget = "ios,tvos,macos"
-	}
-
+func buildiOS() {
 	args := []string{
 		"bind",
 		"-v",
-		"-target", bindTarget,
+		"-target", "ios,iossimulator,tvos,tvossimulator,macos",
 		"-libname=box",
 	}
 	if !debugEnabled {
--- a/cmd/internal/build_shared/sdk.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_shared/sdk.go
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/shell"
 )

 var (
@@ -40,6 +42,14 @@ func FindSDK() {
 		log.Fatal("android NDK not found")
 	}

+	javaVersion, err := shell.Exec("java", "--version").ReadOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(E.Cause(err, "check java version"))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(javaVersion, "openjdk 17") {
+		log.Fatal("java version should be openjdk 17")
+	}
+
 	os.Setenv("ANDROID_HOME", androidSDKPath)
 	os.Setenv("ANDROID_SDK_HOME", androidSDKPath)
 	os.Setenv("ANDROID_NDK_HOME", androidNDKPath)
@@ -48,16 +58,12 @@ func FindSDK() {
 }

 func findNDK() bool {
-	const fixedVersion = "28.0.12674087"
+	const fixedVersion = "26.2.11394342"
 	const versionFile = "source.properties"
 	if fixedPath := filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, "ndk", fixedVersion); rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(fixedPath, versionFile)) {
 		androidNDKPath = fixedPath
 		return true
 	}
-	if ndkHomeEnv := os.Getenv("ANDROID_NDK_HOME"); rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(ndkHomeEnv, versionFile)) {
-		androidNDKPath = ndkHomeEnv
-		return true
-	}
 	ndkVersions, err := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, "ndk"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
@@ -80,7 +86,7 @@ func findNDK() bool {
 	})
 	for _, versionName := range versionNames {
 		currentNDKPath := filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, "ndk", versionName)
-		if rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(currentNDKPath, versionFile)) {
+		if rw.IsFile(filepath.Join(androidSDKPath, versionFile)) {
 			androidNDKPath = currentNDKPath
 			log.Warn("reproducibility warning: using NDK version " + versionName + " instead of " + fixedVersion)
 			return true
--- a/cmd/internal/build_shared/tag.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_shared/tag.go
@@ -20,11 +20,6 @@ func ReadTag() (string, error) {
 	return version.String() + "-" + shortCommit, nil
 }

-func ReadTagVersionRev() (badversion.Version, error) {
-	currentTagRev := common.Must1(shell.Exec("git", "describe", "--tags", "--abbrev=0").ReadOutput())
-	return badversion.Parse(currentTagRev[1:]), nil
-}
-
 func ReadTagVersion() (badversion.Version, error) {
 	currentTag := common.Must1(shell.Exec("git", "describe", "--tags").ReadOutput())
 	currentTagRev := common.Must1(shell.Exec("git", "describe", "--tags", "--abbrev=0").ReadOutput())
--- a/cmd/internal/read_tag/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/read_tag/main.go
@@ -1,62 +1,21 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"flag"
 	"os"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/build_shared"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 )

-var nightly bool
-
-func init() {
-	flag.BoolVar(&nightly, "nightly", false, "Print nightly tag")
-}
-
 func main() {
-	flag.Parse()
-	if nightly {
-		version, err := build_shared.ReadTagVersionRev()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		var versionStr string
-		if version.PreReleaseIdentifier != "" {
-			versionStr = version.VersionString() + "-nightly"
-		} else {
-			version.Patch++
-			versionStr = version.VersionString() + "-nightly"
-		}
-		err = setGitHubEnv("version", versionStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
+	currentTag, err := build_shared.ReadTag()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error(err)
+		_, err = os.Stdout.WriteString("unknown\n")
 	} else {
-		tag, err := build_shared.ReadTag()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error(err)
-			os.Stdout.WriteString("unknown\n")
-		} else {
-			os.Stdout.WriteString(tag + "\n")
-		}
+		_, err = os.Stdout.WriteString(currentTag + "\n")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error(err)
 	}
 }
-
-func setGitHubEnv(name string, value string) error {
-	outputFile, err := os.OpenFile(os.Getenv("GITHUB_ENV"), os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	_, err = outputFile.WriteString(name + "=" + value + "\n")
-	if err != nil {
-		outputFile.Close()
-		return err
-	}
-	err = outputFile.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	os.Stderr.WriteString(name + "=" + value + "\n")
-	return nil
-}
--- a/cmd/internal/update_android_version/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/update_android_version/main.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"flag"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -13,22 +12,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 )

-var flagRunInCI bool
-
-func init() {
-	flag.BoolVar(&flagRunInCI, "ci", false, "Run in CI")
-}
-
 func main() {
-	flag.Parse()
-	newVersion := common.Must1(build_shared.ReadTag())
-	var androidPath string
-	if flagRunInCI {
-		androidPath = "clients/android"
-	} else {
-		androidPath = "../sing-box-for-android"
-	}
-	androidPath, err := filepath.Abs(androidPath)
+	newVersion := common.Must1(build_shared.ReadTagVersion())
+	androidPath, err := filepath.Abs("../sing-box-for-android")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -45,10 +31,10 @@ func main() {
 	for _, propPair := range propsList {
 		switch propPair[0] {
 		case "VERSION_NAME":
-			if propPair[1] != newVersion {
+			if propPair[1] != newVersion.String() {
 				versionUpdated = true
-				propPair[1] = newVersion
-				log.Info("updated version to ", newVersion)
+				propPair[1] = newVersion.String()
+				log.Info("updated version to ", newVersion.String())
 			}
 		case "GO_VERSION":
 			if propPair[1] != runtime.Version() {
--- a/cmd/internal/update_apple_version/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/update_apple_version/main.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"flag"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
@@ -14,22 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"howett.net/plist"
 )

-var flagRunInCI bool
-
-func init() {
-	flag.BoolVar(&flagRunInCI, "ci", false, "Run in CI")
-}
-
 func main() {
-	flag.Parse()
 	newVersion := common.Must1(build_shared.ReadTagVersion())
-	var applePath string
-	if flagRunInCI {
-		applePath = "clients/apple"
-	} else {
-		applePath = "../sing-box-for-apple"
-	}
-	applePath, err := filepath.Abs(applePath)
+	applePath, err := filepath.Abs("../sing-box-for-apple")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd.go
@@ -7,11 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/include"
+	_ "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/include"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -68,6 +65,4 @@ func preRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	if len(configPaths) == 0 && len(configDirectories) == 0 {
 		configPaths = append(configPaths, "config.json")
 	}
-	globalCtx = service.ContextWith(globalCtx, deprecated.NewStderrManager(log.StdLogger()))
-	globalCtx = box.Context(globalCtx, include.InboundRegistry(), include.OutboundRegistry(), include.EndpointRegistry(), include.DNSTransportRegistry())
 }
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_check.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_check.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func check() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(globalCtx)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	instance, err := box.New(box.Options{
 		Context: ctx,
 		Options: options,
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_format.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_format.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func format() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, optionsEntry := range optionsList {
-		optionsEntry.options, err = badjson.Omitempty(globalCtx, optionsEntry.options)
+		optionsEntry.options, err = badjson.Omitempty(optionsEntry.options)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_merge.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_merge.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 )

 var commandMerge = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "merge <output-path>",
+	Use:   "merge <output>",
 	Short: "Merge configurations",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		err := merge(args[0])
@@ -68,19 +68,29 @@ func merge(outputPath string) error {
 }

 func mergePathResources(options *option.Options) error {
-	for _, inbound := range options.Inbounds {
-		if tlsOptions, containsTLSOptions := inbound.Options.(option.InboundTLSOptionsWrapper); containsTLSOptions {
+	for index, inbound := range options.Inbounds {
+		rawOptions, err := inbound.RawOptions()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if tlsOptions, containsTLSOptions := rawOptions.(option.InboundTLSOptionsWrapper); containsTLSOptions {
 			tlsOptions.ReplaceInboundTLSOptions(mergeTLSInboundOptions(tlsOptions.TakeInboundTLSOptions()))
 		}
+		options.Inbounds[index] = inbound
 	}
-	for _, outbound := range options.Outbounds {
+	for index, outbound := range options.Outbounds {
+		rawOptions, err := outbound.RawOptions()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		switch outbound.Type {
 		case C.TypeSSH:
-			mergeSSHOutboundOptions(outbound.Options.(*option.SSHOutboundOptions))
+			outbound.SSHOptions = mergeSSHOutboundOptions(outbound.SSHOptions)
 		}
-		if tlsOptions, containsTLSOptions := outbound.Options.(option.OutboundTLSOptionsWrapper); containsTLSOptions {
+		if tlsOptions, containsTLSOptions := rawOptions.(option.OutboundTLSOptionsWrapper); containsTLSOptions {
 			tlsOptions.ReplaceOutboundTLSOptions(mergeTLSOutboundOptions(tlsOptions.TakeOutboundTLSOptions()))
 		}
+		options.Outbounds[index] = outbound
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -128,12 +138,13 @@ func mergeTLSOutboundOptions(options *option.OutboundTLSOptions) *option.Outboun
 	return options
 }

-func mergeSSHOutboundOptions(options *option.SSHOutboundOptions) {
+func mergeSSHOutboundOptions(options option.SSHOutboundOptions) option.SSHOutboundOptions {
 	if options.PrivateKeyPath != "" {
 		if content, err := os.ReadFile(os.ExpandEnv(options.PrivateKeyPath)); err == nil {
 			options.PrivateKey = trimStringArray(strings.Split(string(content), "\n"))
 		}
 	}
+	return options
 }

 func trimStringArray(array []string) []string {
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
@@ -55,6 +56,10 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	ruleSet, err := plainRuleSet.Upgrade()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	var outputPath string
 	if flagRuleSetCompileOutput == flagRuleSetCompileDefaultOutput {
 		if strings.HasSuffix(sourcePath, ".json") {
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, plainRuleSet.Version)
+	err = srs.Write(outputFile, ruleSet, plainRuleSet.Version == C.RuleSetVersion2)
 	if err != nil {
 		outputFile.Close()
 		os.Remove(outputPath)
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_convert.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_convert.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/sing-box/internal/convertor/adguard"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ func convertRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer outputFile.Close()
-	err = srs.Write(outputFile, option.PlainRuleSet{Rules: rules}, C.RuleSetVersion2)
+	err = srs.Write(outputFile, option.PlainRuleSet{Rules: rules}, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		outputFile.Close()
 		os.Remove(outputPath)
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_decompile.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_decompile.go
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -46,10 +48,14 @@ func decompileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	ruleSet, err := srs.Read(reader, true)
+	plainRuleSet, err := srs.Read(reader, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	ruleSet := option.PlainRuleSetCompat{
+		Version: C.RuleSetVersion1,
+		Options: plainRuleSet,
+	}
 	var outputPath string
 	if flagRuleSetDecompileOutput == flagRuleSetDecompileDefaultOutput {
 		if strings.HasSuffix(sourcePath, ".srs") {
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_match.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_match.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package main

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"io"
 	"os"

@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
@@ -56,25 +55,26 @@ func ruleSetMatch(sourcePath string, domain string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return E.Cause(err, "read rule-set")
 	}
-	var ruleSet option.PlainRuleSetCompat
+	var plainRuleSet option.PlainRuleSet
 	switch flagRuleSetMatchFormat {
 	case C.RuleSetFormatSource:
-		ruleSet, err = json.UnmarshalExtended[option.PlainRuleSetCompat](content)
+		var compat option.PlainRuleSetCompat
+		compat, err = json.UnmarshalExtended[option.PlainRuleSetCompat](content)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		plainRuleSet, err = compat.Upgrade()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	case C.RuleSetFormatBinary:
-		ruleSet, err = srs.Read(bytes.NewReader(content), false)
+		plainRuleSet, err = srs.Read(bytes.NewReader(content), false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	default:
 		return E.New("unknown rule-set format: ", flagRuleSetMatchFormat)
 	}
-	plainRuleSet, err := ruleSet.Upgrade()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	ipAddress := M.ParseAddr(domain)
 	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
 	if ipAddress.IsValid() {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func ruleSetMatch(sourcePath string, domain string) error {
 	}
 	for i, ruleOptions := range plainRuleSet.Rules {
 		var currentRule adapter.HeadlessRule
-		currentRule, err = rule.NewHeadlessRule(context.Background(), ruleOptions)
+		currentRule, err = route.NewHeadlessRule(nil, ruleOptions)
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "parse rule_set.rules.[", i, "]")
 		}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_merge.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_merge.go
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-var (
-	ruleSetPaths       []string
-	ruleSetDirectories []string
-)
-
-var commandRuleSetMerge = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "merge <output-path>",
-	Short: "Merge rule-set source files",
-	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		err := mergeRuleSet(args[0])
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	},
-	Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
-}
-
-func init() {
-	commandRuleSetMerge.Flags().StringArrayVarP(&ruleSetPaths, "config", "c", nil, "set input rule-set file path")
-	commandRuleSetMerge.Flags().StringArrayVarP(&ruleSetDirectories, "config-directory", "C", nil, "set input rule-set directory path")
-	commandRuleSet.AddCommand(commandRuleSetMerge)
-}
-
-type RuleSetEntry struct {
-	content []byte
-	path    string
-	options option.PlainRuleSetCompat
-}
-
-func readRuleSetAt(path string) (*RuleSetEntry, error) {
-	var (
-		configContent []byte
-		err           error
-	)
-	if path == "stdin" {
-		configContent, err = io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
-	} else {
-		configContent, err = os.ReadFile(path)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read config at ", path)
-	}
-	options, err := json.UnmarshalExtendedContext[option.PlainRuleSetCompat](globalCtx, configContent)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "decode config at ", path)
-	}
-	return &RuleSetEntry{
-		content: configContent,
-		path:    path,
-		options: options,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func readRuleSet() ([]*RuleSetEntry, error) {
-	var optionsList []*RuleSetEntry
-	for _, path := range ruleSetPaths {
-		optionsEntry, err := readRuleSetAt(path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		optionsList = append(optionsList, optionsEntry)
-	}
-	for _, directory := range ruleSetDirectories {
-		entries, err := os.ReadDir(directory)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read rule-set directory at ", directory)
-		}
-		for _, entry := range entries {
-			if !strings.HasSuffix(entry.Name(), ".json") || entry.IsDir() {
-				continue
-			}
-			optionsEntry, err := readRuleSetAt(filepath.Join(directory, entry.Name()))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			optionsList = append(optionsList, optionsEntry)
-		}
-	}
-	sort.Slice(optionsList, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return optionsList[i].path < optionsList[j].path
-	})
-	return optionsList, nil
-}
-
-func readRuleSetAndMerge() (option.PlainRuleSetCompat, error) {
-	optionsList, err := readRuleSet()
-	if err != nil {
-		return option.PlainRuleSetCompat{}, err
-	}
-	if len(optionsList) == 1 {
-		return optionsList[0].options, nil
-	}
-	var optionVersion uint8
-	for _, options := range optionsList {
-		if optionVersion < options.options.Version {
-			optionVersion = options.options.Version
-		}
-	}
-	var mergedMessage json.RawMessage
-	for _, options := range optionsList {
-		mergedMessage, err = badjson.MergeJSON(globalCtx, options.options.RawMessage, mergedMessage, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			return option.PlainRuleSetCompat{}, E.Cause(err, "merge config at ", options.path)
-		}
-	}
-	mergedOptions, err := json.UnmarshalExtendedContext[option.PlainRuleSetCompat](globalCtx, mergedMessage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return option.PlainRuleSetCompat{}, E.Cause(err, "unmarshal merged config")
-	}
-	mergedOptions.Version = optionVersion
-	return mergedOptions, nil
-}
-
-func mergeRuleSet(outputPath string) error {
-	mergedOptions, err := readRuleSetAndMerge()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
-	err = encoder.Encode(mergedOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return E.Cause(err, "encode config")
-	}
-	if existsContent, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath); err != nil {
-		if string(existsContent) == buffer.String() {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-	err = rw.MkdirParent(outputPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = os.WriteFile(outputPath, buffer.Bytes(), 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	outputPath, _ = filepath.Abs(outputPath)
-	os.Stderr.WriteString(outputPath + "\n")
-	return nil
-}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_run.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_run.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func readConfigAt(path string) (*OptionsEntry, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read config at ", path)
 	}
-	options, err := json.UnmarshalExtendedContext[option.Options](globalCtx, configContent)
+	options, err := json.UnmarshalExtended[option.Options](configContent)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "decode config at ", path)
 	}
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ func readConfigAndMerge() (option.Options, error) {
 	}
 	var mergedMessage json.RawMessage
 	for _, options := range optionsList {
-		mergedMessage, err = badjson.MergeJSON(globalCtx, options.options.RawMessage, mergedMessage, false)
+		mergedMessage, err = badjson.MergeJSON(options.options.RawMessage, mergedMessage, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return option.Options{}, E.Cause(err, "merge config at ", options.path)
 		}
 	}
 	var mergedOptions option.Options
-	err = mergedOptions.UnmarshalJSONContext(globalCtx, mergedMessage)
+	err = mergedOptions.UnmarshalJSON(mergedMessage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return option.Options{}, E.Cause(err, "unmarshal merged config")
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools.go
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
@@ -26,11 +23,9 @@ func init() {
 func createPreStartedClient() (*box.Box, error) {
 	options, err := readConfigAndMerge()
 	if err != nil {
-		if !(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) && len(configDirectories) == 0 && len(configPaths) == 1) || configPaths[0] != "config.json" {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	instance, err := box.New(box.Options{Context: globalCtx, Options: options})
+	instance, err := box.New(box.Options{Options: options})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create service")
 	}
@@ -41,11 +36,11 @@ func createPreStartedClient() (*box.Box, error) {
 	return instance, nil
 }

-func createDialer(instance *box.Box, outboundTag string) (N.Dialer, error) {
+func createDialer(instance *box.Box, network string, outboundTag string) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if outboundTag == "" {
-		return instance.Outbound().Default(), nil
+		return instance.Router().DefaultOutbound(N.NetworkName(network))
 	} else {
-		outbound, loaded := instance.Outbound().Outbound(outboundTag)
+		outbound, loaded := instance.Router().Outbound(outboundTag)
 		if !loaded {
 			return nil, E.New("outbound not found: ", outboundTag)
 		}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_connect.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_connect.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func connect(address string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer instance.Close()
-	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandConnectFlagNetwork, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func fetch(args []string) error {
 	httpClient = &http.Client{
 		Transport: &http.Transport{
 			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+				dialer, err := createDialer(instance, network, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ import (
 )

 func initializeHTTP3Client(instance *box.Box) error {
-	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, N.NetworkUDP, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	http3Client = &http.Client{
-		Transport: &http3.Transport{
+		Transport: &http3.RoundTripper{
 			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
 				destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(addr)
 				udpConn, dErr := dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination)
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_synctime.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_synctime.go
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"os"

+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/settings"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ func syncTime() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, N.NetworkUDP, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ func syncTime() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if commandSyncTimeWrite {
-		err = ntp.SetSystemTime(response.Time)
+		err = settings.SetSystemTime(response.Time)
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "write time to system")
 		}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/internal/convertor/adguard/convertor_test.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/internal/convertor/adguard/convertor_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package adguard

 import (
-	"context"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ example.arpa
 `))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, rules, 1)
-	rule, err := rule.NewHeadlessRule(context.Background(), rules[0])
+	rule, err := route.NewHeadlessRule(nil, rules[0])
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	matchDomain := []string{
 		"example.org",
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ func TestHosts(t *testing.T) {
 `))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, rules, 1)
-	rule, err := rule.NewHeadlessRule(context.Background(), rules[0])
+	rule, err := route.NewHeadlessRule(nil, rules[0])
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	matchDomain := []string{
 		"google.com",
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ www.example.org
 `))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, rules, 1)
-	rule, err := rule.NewHeadlessRule(context.Background(), rules[0])
+	rule, err := route.NewHeadlessRule(nil, rules[0])
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	matchDomain := []string{
 		"example.com",
--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@@ -2,132 +2,73 @@ package dialer

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"syscall"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/conntrack"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

-var (
-	_ ParallelInterfaceDialer = (*DefaultDialer)(nil)
-	_ WireGuardListener       = (*DefaultDialer)(nil)
-)
+var _ WireGuardListener = (*DefaultDialer)(nil)

 type DefaultDialer struct {
-	dialer4                tcpDialer
-	dialer6                tcpDialer
-	udpDialer4             net.Dialer
-	udpDialer6             net.Dialer
-	udpListener            net.ListenConfig
-	udpAddr4               string
-	udpAddr6               string
-	isWireGuardListener    bool
-	networkManager         adapter.NetworkManager
-	networkStrategy        *C.NetworkStrategy
-	defaultNetworkStrategy bool
-	networkType            []C.InterfaceType
-	fallbackNetworkType    []C.InterfaceType
-	networkFallbackDelay   time.Duration
-	networkLastFallback    atomic.TypedValue[time.Time]
+	dialer4             tcpDialer
+	dialer6             tcpDialer
+	udpDialer4          net.Dialer
+	udpDialer6          net.Dialer
+	udpListener         net.ListenConfig
+	udpAddr4            string
+	udpAddr6            string
+	isWireGuardListener bool
 }

-func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDialer, error) {
-	networkManager := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx)
-	platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](ctx)
-
-	var (
-		dialer                 net.Dialer
-		listener               net.ListenConfig
-		interfaceFinder        control.InterfaceFinder
-		networkStrategy        *C.NetworkStrategy
-		defaultNetworkStrategy bool
-		networkType            []C.InterfaceType
-		fallbackNetworkType    []C.InterfaceType
-		networkFallbackDelay   time.Duration
-	)
-	if networkManager != nil {
-		interfaceFinder = networkManager.InterfaceFinder()
-	} else {
-		interfaceFinder = control.NewDefaultInterfaceFinder()
-	}
+func NewDefault(router adapter.Router, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDialer, error) {
+	var dialer net.Dialer
+	var listener net.ListenConfig
 	if options.BindInterface != "" {
+		var interfaceFinder control.InterfaceFinder
+		if router != nil {
+			interfaceFinder = router.InterfaceFinder()
+		} else {
+			interfaceFinder = control.NewDefaultInterfaceFinder()
+		}
 		bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(interfaceFinder, options.BindInterface, -1)
 		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
+	} else if router != nil && router.AutoDetectInterface() {
+		bindFunc := router.AutoDetectInterfaceFunc()
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
+	} else if router != nil && router.DefaultInterface() != "" {
+		bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(router.InterfaceFinder(), router.DefaultInterface(), -1)
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
+	}
+	var autoRedirectOutputMark uint32
+	if router != nil {
+		autoRedirectOutputMark = router.AutoRedirectOutputMark()
+	}
+	if autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(autoRedirectOutputMark))
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(autoRedirectOutputMark))
 	}
 	if options.RoutingMark > 0 {
-		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(uint32(options.RoutingMark)))
-		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(uint32(options.RoutingMark)))
-	}
-	if networkManager != nil {
-		autoRedirectOutputMark := networkManager.AutoRedirectOutputMark()
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(options.RoutingMark))
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(options.RoutingMark))
 		if autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
-			if options.RoutingMark > 0 {
-				return nil, E.New("`routing_mark` is conflict with `tun.auto_redirect` with `tun.route_[_exclude]_address_set")
-			}
-			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(autoRedirectOutputMark))
-			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(autoRedirectOutputMark))
+			return nil, E.New("`auto_redirect` with `route_[_exclude]_address_set is conflict with `routing_mark`")
 		}
-	}
-	disableDefaultBind := options.BindInterface != "" || options.Inet4BindAddress != nil || options.Inet6BindAddress != nil
-	if disableDefaultBind || options.TCPFastOpen {
-		if options.NetworkStrategy != nil || len(options.NetworkType) > 0 && options.FallbackNetworkType == nil && options.FallbackDelay == 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("`network_strategy` is conflict with `bind_interface`, `inet4_bind_address`, `inet6_bind_address` and `tcp_fast_open`")
-		}
-	}
-
-	if networkManager != nil {
-		defaultOptions := networkManager.DefaultOptions()
-		if !disableDefaultBind {
-			if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
-				bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
-				dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
-				listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
-			} else if networkManager.AutoDetectInterface() {
-				if platformInterface != nil {
-					networkStrategy = (*C.NetworkStrategy)(options.NetworkStrategy)
-					if networkStrategy == nil {
-						networkStrategy = common.Ptr(C.NetworkStrategyDefault)
-						defaultNetworkStrategy = true
-					}
-					networkType = common.Map(options.NetworkType, option.InterfaceType.Build)
-					fallbackNetworkType = common.Map(options.FallbackNetworkType, option.InterfaceType.Build)
-					if networkStrategy == nil && len(networkType) == 0 && len(fallbackNetworkType) == 0 {
-						networkStrategy = defaultOptions.NetworkStrategy
-						networkType = defaultOptions.NetworkType
-						fallbackNetworkType = defaultOptions.FallbackNetworkType
-					}
-					networkFallbackDelay = time.Duration(options.FallbackDelay)
-					if networkFallbackDelay == 0 && defaultOptions.FallbackDelay != 0 {
-						networkFallbackDelay = defaultOptions.FallbackDelay
-					}
-					bindFunc := networkManager.ProtectFunc()
-					dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
-					listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
-				} else {
-					bindFunc := networkManager.AutoDetectInterfaceFunc()
-					dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
-					listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if options.RoutingMark == 0 && defaultOptions.RoutingMark != 0 {
-			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(defaultOptions.RoutingMark))
-			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(defaultOptions.RoutingMark))
+	} else if router != nil && router.DefaultMark() > 0 {
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.RoutingMark(router.DefaultMark()))
+		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.RoutingMark(router.DefaultMark()))
+		if autoRedirectOutputMark > 0 {
+			return nil, E.New("`auto_redirect` with `route_[_exclude]_address_set is conflict with `default_mark`")
 		}
 	}
 	if options.ReuseAddr {
@@ -140,7 +81,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 	if options.ConnectTimeout != 0 {
 		dialer.Timeout = time.Duration(options.ConnectTimeout)
 	} else {
-		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPConnectTimeout
+		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPTimeout
 	}
 	// TODO: Add an option to customize the keep alive period
 	dialer.KeepAlive = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
@@ -161,7 +102,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		udpAddr4   string
 	)
 	if options.Inet4BindAddress != nil {
-		bindAddr := options.Inet4BindAddress.Build(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+		bindAddr := options.Inet4BindAddress.Build()
 		dialer4.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: bindAddr.AsSlice()}
 		udpDialer4.LocalAddr = &net.UDPAddr{IP: bindAddr.AsSlice()}
 		udpAddr4 = M.SocksaddrFrom(bindAddr, 0).String()
@@ -172,7 +113,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		udpAddr6   string
 	)
 	if options.Inet6BindAddress != nil {
-		bindAddr := options.Inet6BindAddress.Build(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+		bindAddr := options.Inet6BindAddress.Build()
 		dialer6.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: bindAddr.AsSlice()}
 		udpDialer6.LocalAddr = &net.UDPAddr{IP: bindAddr.AsSlice()}
 		udpAddr6 = M.SocksaddrFrom(bindAddr, 0).String()
@@ -184,7 +125,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		setMultiPathTCP(&dialer4)
 	}
 	if options.IsWireGuardListener {
-		for _, controlFn := range WgControlFns {
+		for _, controlFn := range wgControlFns {
 			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, controlFn)
 		}
 	}
@@ -197,20 +138,14 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &DefaultDialer{
-		dialer4:                tcpDialer4,
-		dialer6:                tcpDialer6,
-		udpDialer4:             udpDialer4,
-		udpDialer6:             udpDialer6,
-		udpListener:            listener,
-		udpAddr4:               udpAddr4,
-		udpAddr6:               udpAddr6,
-		isWireGuardListener:    options.IsWireGuardListener,
-		networkManager:         networkManager,
-		networkStrategy:        networkStrategy,
-		defaultNetworkStrategy: defaultNetworkStrategy,
-		networkType:            networkType,
-		fallbackNetworkType:    fallbackNetworkType,
-		networkFallbackDelay:   networkFallbackDelay,
+		tcpDialer4,
+		tcpDialer6,
+		udpDialer4,
+		udpDialer6,
+		listener,
+		udpAddr4,
+		udpAddr6,
+		options.IsWireGuardListener,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -218,122 +153,33 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, address
 	if !address.IsValid() {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid address")
 	}
-	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
-		switch N.NetworkName(network) {
-		case N.NetworkUDP:
-			if !address.IsIPv6() {
-				return trackConn(d.udpDialer4.DialContext(ctx, network, address.String()))
-			} else {
-				return trackConn(d.udpDialer6.DialContext(ctx, network, address.String()))
-			}
-		}
+	switch N.NetworkName(network) {
+	case N.NetworkUDP:
 		if !address.IsIPv6() {
-			return trackConn(DialSlowContext(&d.dialer4, ctx, network, address))
+			return trackConn(d.udpDialer4.DialContext(ctx, network, address.String()))
 		} else {
-			return trackConn(DialSlowContext(&d.dialer6, ctx, network, address))
-		}
-	} else {
-		return d.DialParallelInterface(ctx, network, address, d.networkStrategy, d.networkType, d.fallbackNetworkType, d.networkFallbackDelay)
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *DefaultDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network string, address M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if strategy == nil {
-		strategy = d.networkStrategy
-	}
-	if strategy == nil {
-		return d.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
-	}
-	if len(interfaceType) == 0 {
-		interfaceType = d.networkType
-	}
-	if len(fallbackInterfaceType) == 0 {
-		fallbackInterfaceType = d.fallbackNetworkType
-	}
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = d.networkFallbackDelay
-	}
-	var dialer net.Dialer
-	if N.NetworkName(network) == N.NetworkTCP {
-		dialer = dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer4)
-	} else {
-		dialer = d.udpDialer4
-	}
-	fastFallback := time.Now().Sub(d.networkLastFallback.Load()) < C.TCPTimeout
-	var (
-		conn      net.Conn
-		isPrimary bool
-		err       error
-	)
-	if !fastFallback {
-		conn, isPrimary, err = d.dialParallelInterface(ctx, dialer, network, address.String(), *strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	} else {
-		conn, isPrimary, err = d.dialParallelInterfaceFastFallback(ctx, dialer, network, address.String(), *strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay, d.networkLastFallback.Store)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		// bind interface failed on legacy xiaomi systems
-		if d.defaultNetworkStrategy && errors.Is(err, syscall.EPERM) {
-			d.networkStrategy = nil
-			return d.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
-		} else {
-			return nil, err
+			return trackConn(d.udpDialer6.DialContext(ctx, network, address.String()))
 		}
 	}
-	if !fastFallback && !isPrimary {
-		d.networkLastFallback.Store(time.Now())
+	if !address.IsIPv6() {
+		return trackConn(DialSlowContext(&d.dialer4, ctx, network, address))
+	} else {
+		return trackConn(DialSlowContext(&d.dialer6, ctx, network, address))
 	}
-	return trackConn(conn, nil)
 }

 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
-		if destination.IsIPv6() {
-			return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, d.udpAddr6))
-		} else if destination.IsIPv4() && !destination.Addr.IsUnspecified() {
-			return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP+"4", d.udpAddr4))
-		} else {
-			return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, d.udpAddr4))
-		}
+	if destination.IsIPv6() {
+		return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, d.udpAddr6))
+	} else if destination.IsIPv4() && !destination.Addr.IsUnspecified() {
+		return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP+"4", d.udpAddr4))
 	} else {
-		return d.ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx, destination, d.networkStrategy, d.networkType, d.fallbackNetworkType, d.networkFallbackDelay)
+		return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, d.udpAddr4))
 	}
 }

-func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	if strategy == nil {
-		strategy = d.networkStrategy
-	}
-	if strategy == nil {
-		return d.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
-	}
-	if len(interfaceType) == 0 {
-		interfaceType = d.networkType
-	}
-	if len(fallbackInterfaceType) == 0 {
-		fallbackInterfaceType = d.fallbackNetworkType
-	}
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = d.networkFallbackDelay
-	}
-	network := N.NetworkUDP
-	if destination.IsIPv4() && !destination.Addr.IsUnspecified() {
-		network += "4"
-	}
-	packetConn, err := d.listenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx, d.udpListener, network, "", *strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	if err != nil {
-		// bind interface failed on legacy xiaomi systems
-		if d.defaultNetworkStrategy && errors.Is(err, syscall.EPERM) {
-			d.networkStrategy = nil
-			return d.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
-		} else {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
-}
-
 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	return d.udpListener.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, address)
+	return trackPacketConn(d.udpListener.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, address))
 }

 func trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {
--- a/common/dialer/default_go1.20.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_go1.20.go
@@ -13,7 +13,3 @@ type tcpDialer = tfo.Dialer
 func newTCPDialer(dialer net.Dialer, tfoEnabled bool) (tcpDialer, error) {
 	return tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer, DisableTFO: !tfoEnabled}, nil
 }
-
-func dialerFromTCPDialer(dialer tcpDialer) net.Dialer {
-	return dialer.Dialer
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_nongo1.20.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_nongo1.20.go
@@ -16,7 +16,3 @@ func newTCPDialer(dialer net.Dialer, tfoEnabled bool) (tcpDialer, error) {
 	}
 	return dialer, nil
 }
-
-func dialerFromTCPDialer(dialer tcpDialer) net.Dialer {
-	return dialer
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_parallel_interface.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_parallel_interface.go
@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func (d *DefaultDialer) dialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, dialer net.Dialer, network string, addr string, strategy C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, bool, error) {
-	primaryInterfaces, fallbackInterfaces := selectInterfaces(d.networkManager, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType)
-	if len(primaryInterfaces)+len(fallbackInterfaces) == 0 {
-		return nil, false, E.New("no available network interface")
-	}
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = N.DefaultFallbackDelay
-	}
-	returned := make(chan struct{})
-	defer close(returned)
-	type dialResult struct {
-		net.Conn
-		error
-		primary bool
-	}
-	results := make(chan dialResult) // unbuffered
-	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, primary bool, iif adapter.NetworkInterface) {
-		perNetDialer := dialer
-		perNetDialer.Control = control.Append(perNetDialer.Control, control.BindToInterface(nil, iif.Name, iif.Index))
-		conn, err := perNetDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
-		if err != nil {
-			select {
-			case results <- dialResult{error: E.Cause(err, "dial ", iif.Name, " (", iif.Index, ")"), primary: primary}:
-			case <-returned:
-			}
-		} else {
-			select {
-			case results <- dialResult{Conn: conn, primary: primary}:
-			case <-returned:
-				conn.Close()
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	primaryCtx, primaryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer primaryCancel()
-	for _, iif := range primaryInterfaces {
-		go startRacer(primaryCtx, true, iif)
-	}
-	var (
-		fallbackTimer *time.Timer
-		fallbackChan  <-chan time.Time
-	)
-	if len(fallbackInterfaces) > 0 {
-		fallbackTimer = time.NewTimer(fallbackDelay)
-		defer fallbackTimer.Stop()
-		fallbackChan = fallbackTimer.C
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-fallbackChan:
-			fallbackCtx, fallbackCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			defer fallbackCancel()
-			for _, iif := range fallbackInterfaces {
-				go startRacer(fallbackCtx, false, iif)
-			}
-		case res := <-results:
-			if res.error == nil {
-				return res.Conn, res.primary, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, res.error)
-			if len(errors) == len(primaryInterfaces)+len(fallbackInterfaces) {
-				return nil, false, E.Errors(errors...)
-			}
-			if res.primary && fallbackTimer != nil && fallbackTimer.Stop() {
-				fallbackTimer.Reset(0)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *DefaultDialer) dialParallelInterfaceFastFallback(ctx context.Context, dialer net.Dialer, network string, addr string, strategy C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration, resetFastFallback func(time.Time)) (net.Conn, bool, error) {
-	primaryInterfaces, fallbackInterfaces := selectInterfaces(d.networkManager, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType)
-	if len(primaryInterfaces)+len(fallbackInterfaces) == 0 {
-		return nil, false, E.New("no available network interface")
-	}
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = N.DefaultFallbackDelay
-	}
-	returned := make(chan struct{})
-	defer close(returned)
-	type dialResult struct {
-		net.Conn
-		error
-		primary bool
-	}
-	startAt := time.Now()
-	results := make(chan dialResult) // unbuffered
-	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, primary bool, iif adapter.NetworkInterface) {
-		perNetDialer := dialer
-		perNetDialer.Control = control.Append(perNetDialer.Control, control.BindToInterface(nil, iif.Name, iif.Index))
-		conn, err := perNetDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
-		if err != nil {
-			select {
-			case results <- dialResult{error: E.Cause(err, "dial ", iif.Name, " (", iif.Index, ")"), primary: primary}:
-			case <-returned:
-			}
-		} else {
-			select {
-			case results <- dialResult{Conn: conn, primary: primary}:
-			case <-returned:
-				if primary && time.Since(startAt) <= fallbackDelay {
-					resetFastFallback(time.Time{})
-				}
-				conn.Close()
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	for _, iif := range primaryInterfaces {
-		go startRacer(ctx, true, iif)
-	}
-	fallbackCtx, fallbackCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer fallbackCancel()
-	for _, iif := range fallbackInterfaces {
-		go startRacer(fallbackCtx, false, iif)
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	for {
-		select {
-		case res := <-results:
-			if res.error == nil {
-				return res.Conn, res.primary, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, res.error)
-			if len(errors) == len(primaryInterfaces)+len(fallbackInterfaces) {
-				return nil, false, E.Errors(errors...)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *DefaultDialer) listenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, listener net.ListenConfig, network string, addr string, strategy C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	primaryInterfaces, fallbackInterfaces := selectInterfaces(d.networkManager, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType)
-	if len(primaryInterfaces)+len(fallbackInterfaces) == 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("no available network interface")
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	for _, primaryInterface := range primaryInterfaces {
-		perNetListener := listener
-		perNetListener.Control = control.Append(perNetListener.Control, control.BindToInterface(nil, primaryInterface.Name, primaryInterface.Index))
-		conn, err := perNetListener.ListenPacket(ctx, network, addr)
-		if err == nil {
-			return conn, nil
-		}
-		errors = append(errors, E.Cause(err, "listen ", primaryInterface.Name, " (", primaryInterface.Index, ")"))
-	}
-	for _, fallbackInterface := range fallbackInterfaces {
-		perNetListener := listener
-		perNetListener.Control = control.Append(perNetListener.Control, control.BindToInterface(nil, fallbackInterface.Name, fallbackInterface.Index))
-		conn, err := perNetListener.ListenPacket(ctx, network, addr)
-		if err == nil {
-			return conn, nil
-		}
-		errors = append(errors, E.Cause(err, "listen ", fallbackInterface.Name, " (", fallbackInterface.Index, ")"))
-	}
-	return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
-}
-
-func selectInterfaces(networkManager adapter.NetworkManager, strategy C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType) (primaryInterfaces []adapter.NetworkInterface, fallbackInterfaces []adapter.NetworkInterface) {
-	interfaces := networkManager.NetworkInterfaces()
-	switch strategy {
-	case C.NetworkStrategyDefault:
-		if len(interfaceType) == 0 {
-			defaultIf := networkManager.InterfaceMonitor().DefaultInterface()
-			if defaultIf != nil {
-				for _, iif := range interfaces {
-					if iif.Index == defaultIf.Index {
-						primaryInterfaces = append(primaryInterfaces, iif)
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				primaryInterfaces = interfaces
-			}
-		} else {
-			primaryInterfaces = common.Filter(interfaces, func(it adapter.NetworkInterface) bool {
-				return common.Contains(interfaceType, it.Type)
-			})
-		}
-	case C.NetworkStrategyHybrid:
-		if len(interfaceType) == 0 {
-			primaryInterfaces = interfaces
-		} else {
-			primaryInterfaces = common.Filter(interfaces, func(it adapter.NetworkInterface) bool {
-				return common.Contains(interfaceType, it.Type)
-			})
-		}
-	case C.NetworkStrategyFallback:
-		if len(interfaceType) == 0 {
-			defaultIf := networkManager.InterfaceMonitor().DefaultInterface()
-			if defaultIf != nil {
-				for _, iif := range interfaces {
-					if iif.Index == defaultIf.Index {
-						primaryInterfaces = append(primaryInterfaces, iif)
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				primaryInterfaces = interfaces
-			}
-		} else {
-			primaryInterfaces = common.Filter(interfaces, func(it adapter.NetworkInterface) bool {
-				return common.Contains(interfaceType, it.Type)
-			})
-		}
-		if len(fallbackInterfaceType) == 0 {
-			fallbackInterfaces = common.Filter(interfaces, func(it adapter.NetworkInterface) bool {
-				return !common.Any(primaryInterfaces, func(iif adapter.NetworkInterface) bool {
-					return it.Index == iif.Index
-				})
-			})
-		} else {
-			fallbackInterfaces = common.Filter(interfaces, func(iif adapter.NetworkInterface) bool {
-				return common.Contains(fallbackInterfaceType, iif.Type)
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	return primaryInterfaces, fallbackInterfaces
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_parallel_network.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_parallel_network.go
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"time"
-
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func DialSerialNetwork(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-		if !destination.IsIP() {
-			panic("invalid usage")
-		}
-		destinationAddresses = []netip.Addr{destination.Addr}
-	}
-	if parallelDialer, isParallel := dialer.(ParallelNetworkDialer); isParallel {
-		return parallelDialer.DialParallelNetwork(ctx, network, destination, destinationAddresses, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	if parallelDialer, isParallel := dialer.(ParallelInterfaceDialer); isParallel {
-		for _, address := range destinationAddresses {
-			conn, err := parallelDialer.DialParallelInterface(ctx, network, M.SocksaddrFrom(address, destination.Port), strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-			if err == nil {
-				return conn, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		for _, address := range destinationAddresses {
-			conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.SocksaddrFrom(address, destination.Port))
-			if err == nil {
-				return conn, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, err)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
-}
-
-func DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, dialer ParallelInterfaceDialer, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, preferIPv6 bool, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-		if !destination.IsIP() {
-			panic("invalid usage")
-		}
-		destinationAddresses = []netip.Addr{destination.Addr}
-	}
-
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = N.DefaultFallbackDelay
-	}
-
-	returned := make(chan struct{})
-	defer close(returned)
-
-	addresses4 := common.Filter(destinationAddresses, func(address netip.Addr) bool {
-		return address.Is4() || address.Is4In6()
-	})
-	addresses6 := common.Filter(destinationAddresses, func(address netip.Addr) bool {
-		return address.Is6() && !address.Is4In6()
-	})
-	if len(addresses4) == 0 || len(addresses6) == 0 {
-		return DialSerialNetwork(ctx, dialer, network, destination, destinationAddresses, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	}
-	var primaries, fallbacks []netip.Addr
-	if preferIPv6 {
-		primaries = addresses6
-		fallbacks = addresses4
-	} else {
-		primaries = addresses4
-		fallbacks = addresses6
-	}
-	type dialResult struct {
-		net.Conn
-		error
-		primary bool
-		done    bool
-	}
-	results := make(chan dialResult) // unbuffered
-	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, primary bool) {
-		ras := primaries
-		if !primary {
-			ras = fallbacks
-		}
-		c, err := DialSerialNetwork(ctx, dialer, network, destination, ras, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-		select {
-		case results <- dialResult{Conn: c, error: err, primary: primary, done: true}:
-		case <-returned:
-			if c != nil {
-				c.Close()
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	var primary, fallback dialResult
-	primaryCtx, primaryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer primaryCancel()
-	go startRacer(primaryCtx, true)
-	fallbackTimer := time.NewTimer(fallbackDelay)
-	defer fallbackTimer.Stop()
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-fallbackTimer.C:
-			fallbackCtx, fallbackCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			defer fallbackCancel()
-			go startRacer(fallbackCtx, false)
-
-		case res := <-results:
-			if res.error == nil {
-				return res.Conn, nil
-			}
-			if res.primary {
-				primary = res
-			} else {
-				fallback = res
-			}
-			if primary.done && fallback.done {
-				return nil, primary.error
-			}
-			if res.primary && fallbackTimer.Stop() {
-				fallbackTimer.Reset(0)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error) {
-	if len(destinationAddresses) == 0 {
-		if !destination.IsIP() {
-			panic("invalid usage")
-		}
-		destinationAddresses = []netip.Addr{destination.Addr}
-	}
-	if parallelDialer, isParallel := dialer.(ParallelNetworkDialer); isParallel {
-		return parallelDialer.ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx, destination, destinationAddresses, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	if parallelDialer, isParallel := dialer.(ParallelInterfaceDialer); isParallel {
-		for _, address := range destinationAddresses {
-			conn, err := parallelDialer.ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx, M.SocksaddrFrom(address, destination.Port), strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-			if err == nil {
-				return conn, address, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		for _, address := range destinationAddresses {
-			conn, err := dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, M.SocksaddrFrom(address, destination.Port))
-			if err == nil {
-				return conn, address, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, err)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, netip.Addr{}, E.Errors(errors...)
-}
--- a/common/dialer/detour.go
+++ b/common/dialer/detour.go
@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ import (
 )

 type DetourDialer struct {
-	outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager
-	detour          string
-	dialer          N.Dialer
-	initOnce        sync.Once
-	initErr         error
+	router   adapter.Router
+	detour   string
+	dialer   N.Dialer
+	initOnce sync.Once
+	initErr  error
 }

-func NewDetour(outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager, detour string) N.Dialer {
-	return &DetourDialer{outboundManager: outboundManager, detour: detour}
+func NewDetour(router adapter.Router, detour string) N.Dialer {
+	return &DetourDialer{router: router, detour: detour}
 }

 func (d *DetourDialer) Start() error {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (d *DetourDialer) Start() error {
 func (d *DetourDialer) Dialer() (N.Dialer, error) {
 	d.initOnce.Do(func() {
 		var loaded bool
-		d.dialer, loaded = d.outboundManager.Outbound(d.detour)
+		d.dialer, loaded = d.router.Outbound(d.detour)
 		if !loaded {
 			d.initErr = E.New("outbound detour not found: ", d.detour)
 		}
--- a/common/dialer/dialer.go
+++ b/common/dialer/dialer.go
@@ -1,103 +1,40 @@
 package dialer

 import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

-func New(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions, remoteIsDomain bool) (N.Dialer, error) {
+func New(router adapter.Router, options option.DialerOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if options.IsWireGuardListener {
-		return NewDefault(ctx, options)
+		return NewDefault(router, options)
+	}
+	if router == nil {
+		return NewDefault(nil, options)
 	}
 	var (
 		dialer N.Dialer
 		err    error
 	)
 	if options.Detour == "" {
-		dialer, err = NewDefault(ctx, options)
+		dialer, err = NewDefault(router, options)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		outboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](ctx)
-		if outboundManager == nil {
-			return nil, E.New("missing outbound manager")
-		}
-		dialer = NewDetour(outboundManager, options.Detour)
+		dialer = NewDetour(router, options.Detour)
 	}
-	if remoteIsDomain && options.Detour == "" && options.DomainResolver == "" {
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionMissingDomainResolverInDialOptions)
-	}
-	if (options.Detour == "" && remoteIsDomain) || options.DomainResolver != "" {
-		router := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx)
-		if router != nil {
-			var resolveTransport adapter.DNSTransport
-			if options.DomainResolver != "" {
-				transport, loaded := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportManager](ctx).Transport(options.DomainResolver)
-				if !loaded {
-					return nil, E.New("DNS server not found: " + options.DomainResolver)
-				}
-				resolveTransport = transport
-			}
-			dialer = NewResolveDialer(
-				router,
-				dialer,
-				options.Detour == "" && !options.TCPFastOpen,
-				resolveTransport,
-				C.DomainStrategy(options.DomainStrategy),
-				time.Duration(options.FallbackDelay))
-		}
+	if options.Detour == "" {
+		dialer = NewResolveDialer(
+			router,
+			dialer,
+			options.Detour == "" && !options.TCPFastOpen,
+			dns.DomainStrategy(options.DomainStrategy),
+			time.Duration(options.FallbackDelay))
 	}
 	return dialer, nil
 }
-
-func NewDirect(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (ParallelInterfaceDialer, error) {
-	if options.Detour != "" {
-		return nil, E.New("`detour` is not supported in direct context")
-	}
-	if options.IsWireGuardListener {
-		return NewDefault(ctx, options)
-	}
-	dialer, err := NewDefault(ctx, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	var resolveTransport adapter.DNSTransport
-	if options.DomainResolver != "" {
-		transport, loaded := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportManager](ctx).Transport(options.DomainResolver)
-		if !loaded {
-			return nil, E.New("DNS server not found: " + options.DomainResolver)
-		}
-		resolveTransport = transport
-	}
-	return NewResolveParallelInterfaceDialer(
-		service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx),
-		dialer,
-		true,
-		resolveTransport,
-		C.DomainStrategy(options.DomainStrategy),
-		time.Duration(options.FallbackDelay),
-	), nil
-}
-
-type ParallelInterfaceDialer interface {
-	N.Dialer
-	DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
-	ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error)
-}
-
-type ParallelNetworkDialer interface {
-	DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
-	ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
-}
--- a/common/dialer/resolve.go
+++ b/common/dialer/resolve.go
@@ -3,82 +3,75 @@ package dialer
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

-var (
-	_ N.Dialer                = (*resolveDialer)(nil)
-	_ ParallelInterfaceDialer = (*resolveParallelNetworkDialer)(nil)
-)
-
-type resolveDialer struct {
+type ResolveDialer struct {
 	dialer        N.Dialer
 	parallel      bool
-	router        adapter.DNSRouter
-	transport     adapter.DNSTransport
-	strategy      C.DomainStrategy
+	router        adapter.Router
+	strategy      dns.DomainStrategy
 	fallbackDelay time.Duration
 }

-func NewResolveDialer(router adapter.DNSRouter, dialer N.Dialer, parallel bool, transport adapter.DNSTransport, strategy C.DomainStrategy, fallbackDelay time.Duration) N.Dialer {
-	return &resolveDialer{
+func NewResolveDialer(router adapter.Router, dialer N.Dialer, parallel bool, strategy dns.DomainStrategy, fallbackDelay time.Duration) *ResolveDialer {
+	return &ResolveDialer{
 		dialer,
 		parallel,
 		router,
-		transport,
 		strategy,
 		fallbackDelay,
 	}
 }

-type resolveParallelNetworkDialer struct {
-	resolveDialer
-	dialer ParallelInterfaceDialer
-}
-
-func NewResolveParallelInterfaceDialer(router adapter.DNSRouter, dialer ParallelInterfaceDialer, parallel bool, transport adapter.DNSTransport, strategy C.DomainStrategy, fallbackDelay time.Duration) ParallelInterfaceDialer {
-	return &resolveParallelNetworkDialer{
-		resolveDialer{
-			dialer,
-			parallel,
-			router,
-			transport,
-			strategy,
-			fallbackDelay,
-		},
-		dialer,
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *resolveDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
+func (d *ResolveDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
 		return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 	}
+	ctx, metadata := adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
-	addresses, err := d.router.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{Transport: d.transport, Strategy: d.strategy})
+	metadata.Destination = destination
+	metadata.Domain = ""
+	var addresses []netip.Addr
+	var err error
+	if d.strategy == dns.DomainStrategyAsIS {
+		addresses, err = d.router.LookupDefault(ctx, destination.Fqdn)
+	} else {
+		addresses, err = d.router.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, d.strategy)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if d.parallel {
-		return N.DialParallel(ctx, d.dialer, network, destination, addresses, d.strategy == C.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6, d.fallbackDelay)
+		return N.DialParallel(ctx, d.dialer, network, destination, addresses, d.strategy == dns.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6, d.fallbackDelay)
 	} else {
 		return N.DialSerial(ctx, d.dialer, network, destination, addresses)
 	}
 }

-func (d *resolveDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+func (d *ResolveDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
 		return d.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 	}
+	ctx, metadata := adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
-	addresses, err := d.router.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{Transport: d.transport, Strategy: d.strategy})
+	metadata.Destination = destination
+	metadata.Domain = ""
+	var addresses []netip.Addr
+	var err error
+	if d.strategy == dns.DomainStrategyAsIS {
+		addresses, err = d.router.LookupDefault(ctx, destination.Fqdn)
+	} else {
+		addresses, err = d.router.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, d.strategy)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -89,41 +82,6 @@ func (d *resolveDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	return bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(conn), M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, destination.Port), destination), nil
 }

-func (d *resolveParallelNetworkDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
-		return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
-	}
-	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
-	addresses, err := d.router.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{Transport: d.transport, Strategy: d.strategy})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = d.fallbackDelay
-	}
-	if d.parallel {
-		return DialParallelNetwork(ctx, d.dialer, network, destination, addresses, d.strategy == C.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	} else {
-		return DialSerialNetwork(ctx, d.dialer, network, destination, addresses, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *resolveParallelNetworkDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
-		return d.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
-	}
-	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
-	addresses, err := d.router.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{Transport: d.transport, Strategy: d.strategy})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	conn, destinationAddress, err := ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx, d.dialer, destination, addresses, strategy, interfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType, fallbackDelay)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(conn), M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, destination.Port), destination), nil
-}
-
-func (d *resolveDialer) Upstream() any {
+func (d *ResolveDialer) Upstream() any {
 	return d.dialer
 }
--- a/common/dialer/router.go
+++ b/common/dialer/router.go
@@ -7,27 +7,32 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

-type DefaultOutboundDialer struct {
-	outbound adapter.OutboundManager
+type RouterDialer struct {
+	router adapter.Router
 }

-func NewDefaultOutbound(ctx context.Context) N.Dialer {
-	return &DefaultOutboundDialer{
-		outbound: service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](ctx),
+func NewRouter(router adapter.Router) N.Dialer {
+	return &RouterDialer{router: router}
+}
+
+func (d *RouterDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
+	dialer, err := d.router.DefaultOutbound(network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 }

-func (d *DefaultOutboundDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
-	return d.outbound.Default().DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
+func (d *RouterDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	dialer, err := d.router.DefaultOutbound(N.NetworkUDP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 }

-func (d *DefaultOutboundDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	return d.outbound.Default().ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
-}
-
-func (d *DefaultOutboundDialer) Upstream() any {
-	return d.outbound.Default()
+func (d *RouterDialer) Upstream() any {
+	return d.router
 }
--- a/common/dialer/wireguard.go
+++ b/common/dialer/wireguard.go
@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@ package dialer

 import (
 	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 )

 type WireGuardListener interface {
 	ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error)
 }
-
-var WgControlFns []control.Func
--- a/common/dialer/wireguard_control.go
+++ b/common/dialer/wireguard_control.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build with_wireguard
+
+package dialer
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+)
+
+var _ WireGuardListener = (conn.Listener)(nil)
+
+var wgControlFns = conn.ControlFns
--- a/common/dialer/wiregurad_stub.go
+++ b/common/dialer/wiregurad_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !with_wireguard
+
+package dialer
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+)
+
+var wgControlFns []control.Func
--- a/common/listener/listener.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener.go
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync/atomic"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/settings"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type Listener struct {
-	ctx                      context.Context
-	logger                   logger.ContextLogger
-	network                  []string
-	listenOptions            option.ListenOptions
-	connHandler              adapter.ConnectionHandlerEx
-	packetHandler            adapter.PacketHandlerEx
-	oobPacketHandler         adapter.OOBPacketHandlerEx
-	threadUnsafePacketWriter bool
-	disablePacketOutput      bool
-	setSystemProxy           bool
-	systemProxySOCKS         bool
-
-	tcpListener          net.Listener
-	systemProxy          settings.SystemProxy
-	udpConn              *net.UDPConn
-	udpAddr              M.Socksaddr
-	packetOutbound       chan *N.PacketBuffer
-	packetOutboundClosed chan struct{}
-	shutdown             atomic.Bool
-}
-
-type Options struct {
-	Context                  context.Context
-	Logger                   logger.ContextLogger
-	Network                  []string
-	Listen                   option.ListenOptions
-	ConnectionHandler        adapter.ConnectionHandlerEx
-	PacketHandler            adapter.PacketHandlerEx
-	OOBPacketHandler         adapter.OOBPacketHandlerEx
-	ThreadUnsafePacketWriter bool
-	DisablePacketOutput      bool
-	SetSystemProxy           bool
-	SystemProxySOCKS         bool
-}
-
-func New(
-	options Options,
-) *Listener {
-	return &Listener{
-		ctx:                      options.Context,
-		logger:                   options.Logger,
-		network:                  options.Network,
-		listenOptions:            options.Listen,
-		connHandler:              options.ConnectionHandler,
-		packetHandler:            options.PacketHandler,
-		oobPacketHandler:         options.OOBPacketHandler,
-		threadUnsafePacketWriter: options.ThreadUnsafePacketWriter,
-		disablePacketOutput:      options.DisablePacketOutput,
-		setSystemProxy:           options.SetSystemProxy,
-		systemProxySOCKS:         options.SystemProxySOCKS,
-	}
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) Start() error {
-	if common.Contains(l.network, N.NetworkTCP) {
-		_, err := l.ListenTCP()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		go l.loopTCPIn()
-	}
-	if common.Contains(l.network, N.NetworkUDP) {
-		_, err := l.ListenUDP()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		l.packetOutboundClosed = make(chan struct{})
-		l.packetOutbound = make(chan *N.PacketBuffer, 64)
-		go l.loopUDPIn()
-		if !l.disablePacketOutput {
-			go l.loopUDPOut()
-		}
-	}
-	if l.setSystemProxy {
-		listenPort := M.SocksaddrFromNet(l.tcpListener.Addr()).Port
-		var listenAddrString string
-		listenAddr := l.listenOptions.Listen.Build(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
-		if listenAddr.IsUnspecified() {
-			listenAddrString = "127.0.0.1"
-		} else {
-			listenAddrString = listenAddr.String()
-		}
-		systemProxy, err := settings.NewSystemProxy(l.ctx, M.ParseSocksaddrHostPort(listenAddrString, listenPort), l.systemProxySOCKS)
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "initialize system proxy")
-		}
-		err = systemProxy.Enable()
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "set system proxy")
-		}
-		l.systemProxy = systemProxy
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) Close() error {
-	l.shutdown.Store(true)
-	var err error
-	if l.systemProxy != nil && l.systemProxy.IsEnabled() {
-		err = l.systemProxy.Disable()
-	}
-	return E.Errors(err, common.Close(
-		l.tcpListener,
-		common.PtrOrNil(l.udpConn),
-	))
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) TCPListener() net.Listener {
-	return l.tcpListener
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) UDPConn() *net.UDPConn {
-	return l.udpConn
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) ListenOptions() option.ListenOptions {
-	return l.listenOptions
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_go123.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_go123.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.23
-
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(listener *net.ListenConfig, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	listener.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
-		Enable:   true,
-		Idle:     idle,
-		Interval: interval,
-	}
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_nongo123.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_nongo123.go
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.23
-
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(listener *net.ListenConfig, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	listener.KeepAlive = idle
-	listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(idle, interval))
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-
-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
-)
-
-func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
-	var err error
-	bindAddr := M.SocksaddrFrom(l.listenOptions.Listen.Build(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})), l.listenOptions.ListenPort)
-	var tcpListener net.Listener
-	var listenConfig net.ListenConfig
-	if l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAlive >= 0 {
-		keepIdle := time.Duration(l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAlive)
-		if keepIdle == 0 {
-			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
-		}
-		keepInterval := time.Duration(l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAliveInterval)
-		if keepInterval == 0 {
-			keepInterval = C.TCPKeepAliveInterval
-		}
-		setKeepAliveConfig(&listenConfig, keepIdle, keepInterval)
-	}
-	if l.listenOptions.TCPMultiPath {
-		if !go121Available {
-			return nil, E.New("MultiPath TCP requires go1.21, please recompile your binary.")
-		}
-		setMultiPathTCP(&listenConfig)
-	}
-	if l.listenOptions.TCPFastOpen {
-		var tfoConfig tfo.ListenConfig
-		tfoConfig.ListenConfig = listenConfig
-		tcpListener, err = tfoConfig.Listen(l.ctx, M.NetworkFromNetAddr(N.NetworkTCP, bindAddr.Addr), bindAddr.String())
-	} else {
-		tcpListener, err = listenConfig.Listen(l.ctx, M.NetworkFromNetAddr(N.NetworkTCP, bindAddr.Addr), bindAddr.String())
-	}
-	if err == nil {
-		l.logger.Info("tcp server started at ", tcpListener.Addr())
-	}
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	if l.listenOptions.ProxyProtocol || l.listenOptions.ProxyProtocolAcceptNoHeader {
-		return nil, E.New("Proxy Protocol is deprecated and removed in sing-box 1.6.0")
-	}
-	l.tcpListener = tcpListener
-	return tcpListener, err
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) loopTCPIn() {
-	tcpListener := l.tcpListener
-	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
-	for {
-		conn, err := tcpListener.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			//nolint:staticcheck
-			if netError, isNetError := err.(net.Error); isNetError && netError.Temporary() {
-				l.logger.Error(err)
-				continue
-			}
-			if l.shutdown.Load() && E.IsClosed(err) {
-				return
-			}
-			l.tcpListener.Close()
-			l.logger.Error("tcp listener closed: ", err)
-			continue
-		}
-		//nolint:staticcheck
-		metadata.InboundDetour = l.listenOptions.Detour
-		//nolint:staticcheck
-		metadata.InboundOptions = l.listenOptions.InboundOptions
-		metadata.Source = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.RemoteAddr()).Unwrap()
-		metadata.OriginDestination = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.LocalAddr()).Unwrap()
-		ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(l.ctx)
-		l.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound connection from ", metadata.Source)
-		go l.connHandler.NewConnectionEx(ctx, conn, metadata, nil)
-	}
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_udp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_udp.go
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func (l *Listener) ListenUDP() (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	bindAddr := M.SocksaddrFrom(l.listenOptions.Listen.Build(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})), l.listenOptions.ListenPort)
-	var lc net.ListenConfig
-	var udpFragment bool
-	if l.listenOptions.UDPFragment != nil {
-		udpFragment = *l.listenOptions.UDPFragment
-	} else {
-		udpFragment = l.listenOptions.UDPFragmentDefault
-	}
-	if !udpFragment {
-		lc.Control = control.Append(lc.Control, control.DisableUDPFragment())
-	}
-	udpConn, err := lc.ListenPacket(l.ctx, M.NetworkFromNetAddr(N.NetworkUDP, bindAddr.Addr), bindAddr.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	l.udpConn = udpConn.(*net.UDPConn)
-	l.udpAddr = bindAddr
-	l.logger.Info("udp server started at ", udpConn.LocalAddr())
-	return udpConn, err
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) UDPAddr() M.Socksaddr {
-	return l.udpAddr
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) PacketWriter() N.PacketWriter {
-	return (*packetWriter)(l)
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) loopUDPIn() {
-	defer close(l.packetOutboundClosed)
-	var buffer *buf.Buffer
-	if !l.threadUnsafePacketWriter {
-		buffer = buf.NewPacket()
-		defer buffer.Release()
-		buffer.IncRef()
-		defer buffer.DecRef()
-	}
-	if l.oobPacketHandler != nil {
-		oob := make([]byte, 1024)
-		for {
-			if l.threadUnsafePacketWriter {
-				buffer = buf.NewPacket()
-			} else {
-				buffer.Reset()
-			}
-			n, oobN, _, addr, err := l.udpConn.ReadMsgUDPAddrPort(buffer.FreeBytes(), oob)
-			if err != nil {
-				if l.threadUnsafePacketWriter {
-					buffer.Release()
-				}
-				if l.shutdown.Load() && E.IsClosed(err) {
-					return
-				}
-				l.udpConn.Close()
-				l.logger.Error("udp listener closed: ", err)
-				return
-			}
-			buffer.Truncate(n)
-			l.oobPacketHandler.NewPacketEx(buffer, oob[:oobN], M.SocksaddrFromNetIP(addr).Unwrap())
-		}
-	} else {
-		for {
-			if l.threadUnsafePacketWriter {
-				buffer = buf.NewPacket()
-			} else {
-				buffer.Reset()
-			}
-			n, addr, err := l.udpConn.ReadFromUDPAddrPort(buffer.FreeBytes())
-			if err != nil {
-				if l.threadUnsafePacketWriter {
-					buffer.Release()
-				}
-				if l.shutdown.Load() && E.IsClosed(err) {
-					return
-				}
-				l.udpConn.Close()
-				l.logger.Error("udp listener closed: ", err)
-				return
-			}
-			buffer.Truncate(n)
-			l.packetHandler.NewPacketEx(buffer, M.SocksaddrFromNetIP(addr).Unwrap())
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (l *Listener) loopUDPOut() {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case packet := <-l.packetOutbound:
-			destination := packet.Destination.AddrPort()
-			_, err := l.udpConn.WriteToUDPAddrPort(packet.Buffer.Bytes(), destination)
-			packet.Buffer.Release()
-			N.PutPacketBuffer(packet)
-			if err != nil {
-				if l.shutdown.Load() && E.IsClosed(err) {
-					return
-				}
-				l.udpConn.Close()
-				l.logger.Error("udp listener write back: ", destination, ": ", err)
-				return
-			}
-			continue
-		case <-l.packetOutboundClosed:
-		}
-		for {
-			select {
-			case packet := <-l.packetOutbound:
-				packet.Buffer.Release()
-				N.PutPacketBuffer(packet)
-			default:
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-type packetWriter Listener
-
-func (w *packetWriter) WritePacket(buffer *buf.Buffer, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
-	packet := N.NewPacketBuffer()
-	packet.Buffer = buffer
-	packet.Destination = destination
-	select {
-	case w.packetOutbound <- packet:
-		return nil
-	default:
-		buffer.Release()
-		N.PutPacketBuffer(packet)
-		if w.shutdown.Load() {
-			return os.ErrClosed
-		}
-		w.logger.Trace("dropped packet to ", destination)
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *packetWriter) WriteIsThreadUnsafe() {
-}
--- a/common/mux/router.go
+++ b/common/mux/router.go
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ import (
 )

 type Router struct {
-	router  adapter.ConnectionRouterEx
+	router  adapter.ConnectionRouter
 	service *mux.Service
 }

-func NewRouterWithOptions(router adapter.ConnectionRouterEx, logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.InboundMultiplexOptions) (adapter.ConnectionRouterEx, error) {
+func NewRouterWithOptions(router adapter.ConnectionRouter, logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.InboundMultiplexOptions) (adapter.ConnectionRouter, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return router, nil
 	}
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ func NewRouterWithOptions(router adapter.ConnectionRouterEx, logger logger.Conte
 		NewStreamContext: func(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) context.Context {
 			return log.ContextWithNewID(ctx)
 		},
-		Logger:    logger,
-		HandlerEx: adapter.NewRouteContextHandlerEx(router),
-		Padding:   options.Padding,
-		Brutal:    brutalOptions,
+		Logger:  logger,
+		Handler: adapter.NewRouteContextHandler(router, logger),
+		Padding: options.Padding,
+		Brutal:  brutalOptions,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -52,29 +52,14 @@ func NewRouterWithOptions(router adapter.ConnectionRouterEx, logger logger.Conte
 	return &Router{router, service}, nil
 }

-// Deprecated: Use RouteConnectionEx instead.
 func (r *Router) RouteConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
 	if metadata.Destination == mux.Destination {
-		// TODO: check if WithContext is necessary
 		return r.service.NewConnection(adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata), conn, adapter.UpstreamMetadata(metadata))
 	} else {
 		return r.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, metadata)
 	}
 }

-// Deprecated: Use RoutePacketConnectionEx instead.
 func (r *Router) RoutePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
 	return r.router.RoutePacketConnection(ctx, conn, metadata)
 }
-
-func (r *Router) RouteConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	if metadata.Destination == mux.Destination {
-		r.service.NewConnectionEx(adapter.WithContext(ctx, &metadata), conn, metadata.Source, metadata.Destination, onClose)
-		return
-	}
-	r.router.RouteConnectionEx(ctx, conn, metadata, onClose)
-}
-
-func (r *Router) RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	r.router.RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx, conn, metadata, onClose)
-}
--- a/common/mux/v2ray_legacy.go
+++ b/common/mux/v2ray_legacy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package mux
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	vmess "github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+type V2RayLegacyRouter struct {
+	router adapter.ConnectionRouter
+	logger logger.ContextLogger
+}
+
+func NewV2RayLegacyRouter(router adapter.ConnectionRouter, logger logger.ContextLogger) adapter.ConnectionRouter {
+	return &V2RayLegacyRouter{router, logger}
+}
+
+func (r *V2RayLegacyRouter) RouteConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
+	if metadata.Destination.Fqdn == vmess.MuxDestination.Fqdn {
+		r.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound legacy multiplex connection")
+		return vmess.HandleMuxConnection(ctx, conn, adapter.NewRouteHandler(metadata, r.router, r.logger))
+	}
+	return r.router.RouteConnection(ctx, conn, metadata)
+}
+
+func (r *V2RayLegacyRouter) RoutePacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata adapter.InboundContext) error {
+	return r.router.RoutePacketConnection(ctx, conn, metadata)
+}
--- a/common/settings/proxy_darwin.go
+++ b/common/settings/proxy_darwin.go
@@ -2,17 +2,16 @@ package settings

 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/shell"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

 type DarwinSystemProxy struct {
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ type DarwinSystemProxy struct {
 }

 func NewSystemProxy(ctx context.Context, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, supportSOCKS bool) (*DarwinSystemProxy, error) {
-	interfaceMonitor := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx).InterfaceMonitor()
+	interfaceMonitor := adapter.RouterFromContext(ctx).InterfaceMonitor()
 	if interfaceMonitor == nil {
 		return nil, E.New("missing interface monitor")
 	}
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ func NewSystemProxy(ctx context.Context, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, supportSOCKS bo
 		serverAddr:   serverAddr,
 		supportSOCKS: supportSOCKS,
 	}
-	proxy.element = interfaceMonitor.RegisterCallback(proxy.routeUpdate)
+	proxy.element = interfaceMonitor.RegisterCallback(proxy.update)
 	return proxy, nil
 }

@@ -66,22 +65,25 @@ func (p *DarwinSystemProxy) Disable() error {
 	return err
 }

-func (p *DarwinSystemProxy) routeUpdate(defaultInterface *control.Interface, flags int) {
-	if !p.isEnabled || defaultInterface == nil {
+func (p *DarwinSystemProxy) update(event int) {
+	if event&tun.EventInterfaceUpdate == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if !p.isEnabled {
 		return
 	}
 	_ = p.update0()
 }

 func (p *DarwinSystemProxy) update0() error {
-	newInterface := p.monitor.DefaultInterface()
-	if p.interfaceName == newInterface.Name {
+	newInterfaceName := p.monitor.DefaultInterfaceName(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+	if p.interfaceName == newInterfaceName {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if p.interfaceName != "" {
 		_ = p.Disable()
 	}
-	p.interfaceName = newInterface.Name
+	p.interfaceName = newInterfaceName
 	interfaceDisplayName, err := getInterfaceDisplayName(p.interfaceName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/common/settings/time_stub.go
+++ b/common/settings/time_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !(windows || linux || darwin)
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func SetSystemTime(nowTime time.Time) error {
+	return os.ErrInvalid
+}
--- a/common/settings/time_unix.go
+++ b/common/settings/time_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build linux || darwin
+
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func SetSystemTime(nowTime time.Time) error {
+	timeVal := unix.NsecToTimeval(nowTime.UnixNano())
+	return unix.Settimeofday(&timeVal)
+}
--- a/common/settings/time_windows.go
+++ b/common/settings/time_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func SetSystemTime(nowTime time.Time) error {
+	var systemTime windows.Systemtime
+	systemTime.Year = uint16(nowTime.Year())
+	systemTime.Month = uint16(nowTime.Month())
+	systemTime.Day = uint16(nowTime.Day())
+	systemTime.Hour = uint16(nowTime.Hour())
+	systemTime.Minute = uint16(nowTime.Minute())
+	systemTime.Second = uint16(nowTime.Second())
+	systemTime.Milliseconds = uint16(nowTime.UnixMilli() - nowTime.Unix()*1000)
+
+	dllKernel32 := windows.NewLazySystemDLL("kernel32.dll")
+	proc := dllKernel32.NewProc("SetSystemTime")
+
+	_, _, err := proc.Call(
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&systemTime)),
+	)
+
+	if err != nil && err.Error() != "The operation completed successfully." {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/sniff/sniff.go
+++ b/common/sniff/sniff.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type (
 	PacketSniffer = func(ctx context.Context, metadata *adapter.InboundContext, packet []byte) error
 )

-func Skip(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+func Skip(metadata adapter.InboundContext) bool {
 	// skip server first protocols
 	switch metadata.Destination.Port {
 	case 25, 465, 587:
--- a/common/srs/binary.go
+++ b/common/srs/binary.go
@@ -38,13 +38,10 @@ const (
 	ruleItemWIFIBSSID
 	ruleItemAdGuardDomain
 	ruleItemProcessPathRegex
-	ruleItemNetworkType
-	ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive
-	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )

-func Read(reader io.Reader, recover bool) (ruleSetCompat option.PlainRuleSetCompat, err error) {
+func Read(reader io.Reader, recover bool) (ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, err error) {
 	var magicBytes [3]byte
 	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, magicBytes[:])
 	if err != nil {
@@ -57,10 +54,10 @@ func Read(reader io.Reader, recover bool) (ruleSetCompat option.PlainRuleSetComp
 	var version uint8
 	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &version)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ruleSetCompat, err
+		return ruleSet, err
 	}
-	if version > C.RuleSetVersionCurrent {
-		return ruleSetCompat, E.New("unsupported version: ", version)
+	if version > C.RuleSetVersion2 {
+		return ruleSet, E.New("unsupported version: ", version)
 	}
 	compressReader, err := zlib.NewReader(reader)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -71,10 +68,9 @@ func Read(reader io.Reader, recover bool) (ruleSetCompat option.PlainRuleSetComp
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	ruleSetCompat.Version = version
-	ruleSetCompat.Options.Rules = make([]option.HeadlessRule, length)
+	ruleSet.Rules = make([]option.HeadlessRule, length)
 	for i := uint64(0); i < length; i++ {
-		ruleSetCompat.Options.Rules[i], err = readRule(bReader, recover)
+		ruleSet.Rules[i], err = readRule(bReader, recover)
 		if err != nil {
 			err = E.Cause(err, "read rule[", i, "]")
 			return
@@ -83,12 +79,18 @@ func Read(reader io.Reader, recover bool) (ruleSetCompat option.PlainRuleSetComp
 	return
 }

-func Write(writer io.Writer, ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, generateVersion uint8) error {
+func Write(writer io.Writer, ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, generateUnstable bool) error {
 	_, err := writer.Write(MagicBytes[:])
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, generateVersion)
+	var version uint8
+	if generateUnstable {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion2
+	} else {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion1
+	}
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, version)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ func Write(writer io.Writer, ruleSet option.PlainRuleSet, generateVersion uint8)
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, rule := range ruleSet.Rules {
-		err = writeRule(bWriter, rule, generateVersion)
+		err = writeRule(bWriter, rule, generateUnstable)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -133,12 +135,12 @@ func readRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.HeadlessRule, err
 	return
 }

-func writeRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.HeadlessRule, generateVersion uint8) error {
+func writeRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.HeadlessRule, generateUnstable bool) error {
 	switch rule.Type {
 	case C.RuleTypeDefault:
-		return writeDefaultRule(writer, rule.DefaultOptions, generateVersion)
+		return writeDefaultRule(writer, rule.DefaultOptions, generateUnstable)
 	case C.RuleTypeLogical:
-		return writeLogicalRule(writer, rule.LogicalOptions, generateVersion)
+		return writeLogicalRule(writer, rule.LogicalOptions, generateUnstable)
 	default:
 		panic("unknown rule type: " + rule.Type)
 	}
@@ -225,12 +227,6 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 				return
 			}
 			rule.AdGuardDomainMatcher = matcher
-		case ruleItemNetworkType:
-			rule.NetworkType, err = readRuleItemUint8[option.InterfaceType](reader)
-		case ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive:
-			rule.NetworkIsExpensive = true
-		case ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained:
-			rule.NetworkIsConstrained = true
 		case ruleItemFinal:
 			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &rule.Invert)
 			return
@@ -244,7 +240,7 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 	}
 }

-func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, generateVersion uint8) error {
+func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, generateUnstable bool) error {
 	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -268,7 +264,7 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = domain.NewMatcher(rule.Domain, rule.DomainSuffix, generateVersion == C.RuleSetVersion1).Write(writer)
+		err = domain.NewMatcher(rule.Domain, rule.DomainSuffix, !generateUnstable).Write(writer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -345,27 +341,6 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
-		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
-			return E.New("network_type rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
-		}
-		err = writeRuleItemUint8(writer, ruleItemNetworkType, rule.NetworkType)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if rule.NetworkIsExpensive {
-		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if rule.NetworkIsConstrained {
-		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
 	if len(rule.WIFISSID) > 0 {
 		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemWIFISSID, rule.WIFISSID)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -379,9 +354,6 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 		}
 	}
 	if len(rule.AdGuardDomain) > 0 {
-		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion2 {
-			return E.New("AdGuard rule items is only supported in version 2 or later")
-		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemAdGuardDomain)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -414,18 +386,6 @@ func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) e
 	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
 }

-func readRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
-}
-
-func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []E) error {
-	err := writer.WriteByte(itemType)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
-}
-
 func readRuleItemUint16(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
 	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
 }
@@ -497,7 +457,7 @@ func readLogicalRule(reader varbin.Reader, recovery bool) (logicalRule option.Lo
 	return
 }

-func writeLogicalRule(writer varbin.Writer, logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule, generateVersion uint8) error {
+func writeLogicalRule(writer varbin.Writer, logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRule, generateUnstable bool) error {
 	err := binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(1))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -518,7 +478,7 @@ func writeLogicalRule(writer varbin.Writer, logicalRule option.LogicalHeadlessRu
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, rule := range logicalRule.Rules {
-		err = writeRule(writer, rule, generateVersion)
+		err = writeRule(writer, rule, generateUnstable)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/common/tls/ech_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_client.go
@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@ import (

 	cftls "github.com/sagernet/cloudflare-tls"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-dns"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"

 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
 )
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ type echConnWrapper struct {

 func (c *echConnWrapper) ConnectionState() tls.ConnectionState {
 	state := c.Conn.ConnectionState()
-	//nolint:staticcheck
 	return tls.ConnectionState{
 		Version:                     state.Version,
 		HandshakeComplete:           state.HandshakeComplete,
@@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ func fetchECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context) func(_ context.Context, serverNam
 				},
 			},
 		}
-		response, err := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx).Exchange(ctx, message, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
+		response, err := adapter.RouterFromContext(ctx).Exchange(ctx, message)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
--- a/common/tls/ech_keygen.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_keygen.go
@@ -147,9 +147,6 @@ func echKeygen(version uint16, serverName string, conf []myECHKeyConfig, suite [
 		pair.rawConf = b

 		secBuf, err := sec.MarshalBinary()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "serialize ECH private key")
-		}
 		sk := []byte{}
 		sk = be.AppendUint16(sk, uint16(len(secBuf)))
 		sk = append(sk, secBuf...)
--- a/common/tls/ech_quic.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_quic.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func (c *echClientConfig) DialEarly(ctx context.Context, conn net.PacketConn, ad
 }

 func (c *echClientConfig) CreateTransport(conn net.PacketConn, quicConnPtr *quic.EarlyConnection, serverAddr M.Socksaddr, quicConfig *quic.Config) http.RoundTripper {
-	return &http3.Transport{
+	return &http3.RoundTripper{
 		TLSClientConfig: c.config,
 		QUICConfig:      quicConfig,
 		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
--- a/common/tls/ech_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_server.go
@@ -97,10 +97,6 @@ func (c *echServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = watcher.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	c.watcher = watcher
 	return nil
 }
@@ -236,7 +232,7 @@ func NewECHServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 	var echKey []byte
 	if len(options.ECH.Key) > 0 {
 		echKey = []byte(strings.Join(options.ECH.Key, "\n"))
-	} else if options.ECH.KeyPath != "" {
+	} else if options.KeyPath != "" {
 		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ECH.KeyPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read ECH key")
--- a/common/tls/reality_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_client.go
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func (e *RealityClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn
 		return nil, E.New("reality verification failed")
 	}

-	return &realityClientConnWrapper{uConn}, nil
+	return &utlsConnWrapper{uConn}, nil
 }

 func realityClientFallback(uConn net.Conn, serverName string, fingerprint utls.ClientHelloID) {
@@ -249,36 +249,3 @@ func (c *realityVerifier) VerifyPeerCertificate(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChain
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-type realityClientConnWrapper struct {
-	*utls.UConn
-}
-
-func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) ConnectionState() tls.ConnectionState {
-	state := c.Conn.ConnectionState()
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	return tls.ConnectionState{
-		Version:                     state.Version,
-		HandshakeComplete:           state.HandshakeComplete,
-		DidResume:                   state.DidResume,
-		CipherSuite:                 state.CipherSuite,
-		NegotiatedProtocol:          state.NegotiatedProtocol,
-		NegotiatedProtocolIsMutual:  state.NegotiatedProtocolIsMutual,
-		ServerName:                  state.ServerName,
-		PeerCertificates:            state.PeerCertificates,
-		VerifiedChains:              state.VerifiedChains,
-		SignedCertificateTimestamps: state.SignedCertificateTimestamps,
-		OCSPResponse:                state.OCSPResponse,
-		TLSUnique:                   state.TLSUnique,
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) Upstream() any {
-	return c.UConn
-}
-
-// Due to low implementation quality, the reality server intercepted half close and caused memory leaks.
-// We fixed it by calling Close() directly.
-func (c *realityClientConnWrapper) CloseWrite() error {
-	return c.Close()
-}
--- a/common/tls/reality_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_server.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/reality"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inb
 		tlsConfig.ShortIds[shortID] = true
 	}

-	handshakeDialer, err := dialer.New(ctx, options.Reality.Handshake.DialerOptions, options.Reality.Handshake.ServerIsDomain())
+	handshakeDialer, err := dialer.New(adapter.RouterFromContext(ctx), options.Reality.Handshake.DialerOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -174,7 +175,6 @@ type realityConnWrapper struct {

 func (c *realityConnWrapper) ConnectionState() ConnectionState {
 	state := c.Conn.ConnectionState()
-	//nolint:staticcheck
 	return tls.ConnectionState{
 		Version:                     state.Version,
 		HandshakeComplete:           state.HandshakeComplete,
@@ -194,9 +194,3 @@ func (c *realityConnWrapper) ConnectionState() ConnectionState {
 func (c *realityConnWrapper) Upstream() any {
 	return c.Conn
 }
-
-// Due to low implementation quality, the reality server intercepted half close and caused memory leaks.
-// We fixed it by calling Close() directly.
-func (c *realityConnWrapper) CloseWrite() error {
-	return c.Close()
-}
--- a/common/tls/std_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_client.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"strings"

@@ -50,7 +51,9 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
 	} else if serverAddress != "" {
-		serverName = serverAddress
+		if _, err := netip.ParseAddr(serverName); err != nil {
+			serverName = serverAddress
+		}
 	}
 	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure {
 		return nil, E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
--- a/common/tls/std_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_server.go
@@ -106,10 +106,6 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = watcher.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	c.watcher = watcher
 	return nil
 }
--- a/common/tls/time_wrapper.go
+++ b/common/tls/time_wrapper.go
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-)
-
-type TimeServiceWrapper struct {
-	ntp.TimeService
-}
-
-func (w *TimeServiceWrapper) TimeFunc() func() time.Time {
-	if w.TimeService == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return w.TimeService.TimeFunc()
-}
-
-func (w *TimeServiceWrapper) Upstream() any {
-	return w.TimeService
-}
--- a/common/tls/utls_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_client.go
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ type utlsConnWrapper struct {

 func (c *utlsConnWrapper) ConnectionState() tls.ConnectionState {
 	state := c.Conn.ConnectionState()
-	//nolint:staticcheck
 	return tls.ConnectionState{
 		Version:                     state.Version,
 		HandshakeComplete:           state.HandshakeComplete,
--- a/common/tlsfragment/conn.go
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/conn.go
@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-package tf
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"math/rand"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type Conn struct {
-	net.Conn
-	syscallConn        syscall.Conn
-	ctx                context.Context
-	firstPacketWritten bool
-	fallbackDelay      time.Duration
-}
-
-func NewConn(conn net.Conn, ctx context.Context, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (*Conn, error) {
-	syscallConn, _ := N.UnwrapReader(conn).(syscall.Conn)
-	return &Conn{
-		Conn:          conn,
-		syscallConn:   syscallConn,
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		fallbackDelay: fallbackDelay,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if !c.firstPacketWritten {
-		defer func() {
-			c.firstPacketWritten = true
-		}()
-		serverName := indexTLSServerName(b)
-		if serverName != nil {
-			tcpConn, isTCPConn := c.syscallConn.(interface {
-				SetNoDelay(bool) error
-			})
-			if isTCPConn {
-				err = tcpConn.SetNoDelay(true)
-				if err != nil {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-			splits := strings.Split(string(b[serverName.Index:serverName.Index+serverName.Length]), ".")
-			currentIndex := serverName.Index
-			var striped bool
-			if len(splits) > 3 {
-				suffix := splits[len(splits)-3] + "." + splits[len(splits)-2] + "." + splits[len(splits)-1]
-				if publicSuffixMatcher().Match(suffix) {
-					splits = splits[:len(splits)-3]
-				}
-				striped = true
-			}
-			if !striped && len(splits) > 2 {
-				suffix := splits[len(splits)-2] + "." + splits[len(splits)-1]
-				if publicSuffixMatcher().Match(suffix) {
-					splits = splits[:len(splits)-2]
-				}
-				striped = true
-			}
-			if !striped && len(splits) > 1 {
-				suffix := splits[len(splits)-1]
-				if publicSuffixMatcher().Match(suffix) {
-					splits = splits[:len(splits)-1]
-				}
-			}
-			if len(splits) > 1 && common.Contains(publicPrefix, splits[0]) {
-				currentIndex += len(splits[0]) + 1
-				splits = splits[1:]
-			}
-			var splitIndexes []int
-			for i, split := range splits {
-				splitAt := rand.Intn(len(split))
-				splitIndexes = append(splitIndexes, currentIndex+splitAt)
-				currentIndex += len(split)
-				if i != len(splits)-1 {
-					currentIndex++
-				}
-			}
-			for i := 0; i <= len(splitIndexes); i++ {
-				if i == 0 {
-					_, err = c.Conn.Write(b[:splitIndexes[i]])
-				} else if i == len(splitIndexes) {
-					_, err = c.Conn.Write(b[splitIndexes[i-1]:])
-				} else {
-					_, err = c.Conn.Write(b[splitIndexes[i-1]:splitIndexes[i]])
-				}
-				if err != nil {
-					return
-				}
-				if c.syscallConn != nil && i != len(splitIndexes) {
-					err = waitAck(c.ctx, c.syscallConn, c.fallbackDelay)
-					if err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			if isTCPConn {
-				err = tcpConn.SetNoDelay(false)
-				if err != nil {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-			return len(b), nil
-		}
-	}
-	return c.Conn.Write(b)
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.firstPacketWritten
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) Upstream() any {
-	return c.Conn
-}
--- a/common/tlsfragment/index.go
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/index.go
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-package tf
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-)
-
-const (
-	recordLayerHeaderLen    int    = 5
-	handshakeHeaderLen      int    = 6
-	randomDataLen           int    = 32
-	sessionIDHeaderLen      int    = 1
-	cipherSuiteHeaderLen    int    = 2
-	compressMethodHeaderLen int    = 1
-	extensionsHeaderLen     int    = 2
-	extensionHeaderLen      int    = 4
-	sniExtensionHeaderLen   int    = 5
-	contentType             uint8  = 22
-	handshakeType           uint8  = 1
-	sniExtensionType        uint16 = 0
-	sniNameDNSHostnameType  uint8  = 0
-	tlsVersionBitmask       uint16 = 0xFFFC
-	tls13                   uint16 = 0x0304
-)
-
-type myServerName struct {
-	Index  int
-	Length int
-	sex    []byte
-}
-
-func indexTLSServerName(payload []byte) *myServerName {
-	if len(payload) < recordLayerHeaderLen || payload[0] != contentType {
-		return nil
-	}
-	segmentLen := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(payload[3:5])
-	if len(payload) < recordLayerHeaderLen+int(segmentLen) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	serverName := indexTLSServerNameFromHandshake(payload[recordLayerHeaderLen : recordLayerHeaderLen+int(segmentLen)])
-	if serverName == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	serverName.Length += recordLayerHeaderLen
-	return serverName
-}
-
-func indexTLSServerNameFromHandshake(hs []byte) *myServerName {
-	if len(hs) < handshakeHeaderLen+randomDataLen+sessionIDHeaderLen {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if hs[0] != handshakeType {
-		return nil
-	}
-	handshakeLen := uint32(hs[1])<<16 | uint32(hs[2])<<8 | uint32(hs[3])
-	if len(hs[4:]) != int(handshakeLen) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	tlsVersion := uint16(hs[4])<<8 | uint16(hs[5])
-	if tlsVersion&tlsVersionBitmask != 0x0300 && tlsVersion != tls13 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	sessionIDLen := hs[38]
-	if len(hs) < handshakeHeaderLen+randomDataLen+sessionIDHeaderLen+int(sessionIDLen) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	cs := hs[handshakeHeaderLen+randomDataLen+sessionIDHeaderLen+int(sessionIDLen):]
-	if len(cs) < cipherSuiteHeaderLen {
-		return nil
-	}
-	csLen := uint16(cs[0])<<8 | uint16(cs[1])
-	numCiphers := int(csLen / 2)
-	cipherSuites := make([]uint16, 0, numCiphers)
-	if len(cs) < cipherSuiteHeaderLen+int(csLen)+compressMethodHeaderLen {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < numCiphers; i++ {
-		cipherSuite := uint16(cs[2+i<<1])<<8 | uint16(cs[3+i<<1])
-		cipherSuites = append(cipherSuites, cipherSuite)
-	}
-	compressMethodLen := uint16(cs[cipherSuiteHeaderLen+int(csLen)])
-	if len(cs) < cipherSuiteHeaderLen+int(csLen)+compressMethodHeaderLen+int(compressMethodLen) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	currentIndex := cipherSuiteHeaderLen + int(csLen) + compressMethodHeaderLen + int(compressMethodLen)
-	serverName := indexTLSServerNameFromExtensions(cs[currentIndex:])
-	if serverName == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	serverName.Index += currentIndex
-	return serverName
-}
-
-func indexTLSServerNameFromExtensions(exs []byte) *myServerName {
-	if len(exs) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if len(exs) < extensionsHeaderLen {
-		return nil
-	}
-	exsLen := uint16(exs[0])<<8 | uint16(exs[1])
-	exs = exs[extensionsHeaderLen:]
-	if len(exs) < int(exsLen) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for currentIndex := extensionsHeaderLen; len(exs) > 0; {
-		if len(exs) < extensionHeaderLen {
-			return nil
-		}
-		exType := uint16(exs[0])<<8 | uint16(exs[1])
-		exLen := uint16(exs[2])<<8 | uint16(exs[3])
-		if len(exs) < extensionHeaderLen+int(exLen) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		sex := exs[extensionHeaderLen : extensionHeaderLen+int(exLen)]
-
-		switch exType {
-		case sniExtensionType:
-			if len(sex) < sniExtensionHeaderLen {
-				return nil
-			}
-			sniType := sex[2]
-			if sniType != sniNameDNSHostnameType {
-				return nil
-			}
-			sniLen := uint16(sex[3])<<8 | uint16(sex[4])
-			sex = sex[sniExtensionHeaderLen:]
-			return &myServerName{
-				Index:  currentIndex + extensionHeaderLen + sniExtensionHeaderLen,
-				Length: int(sniLen),
-				sex:    sex,
-			}
-		}
-		exs = exs[4+exLen:]
-		currentIndex += 4 + int(exLen)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/tlsfragment/public_suffix.go
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/public_suffix.go
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-package tf
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	_ "embed"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/domain"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
-)
-
-var publicPrefix = []string{
-	"www",
-}
-
-//go:generate wget -O public_suffix_list.dat https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat
-
-//go:embed public_suffix_list.dat
-var publicSuffix []byte
-
-var publicSuffixMatcher = sync.OnceValue(func() *domain.Matcher {
-	matcher, err := initPublicSuffixMatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(F.ToString("error in initialize public suffix matcher"))
-	}
-	return matcher
-})
-
-func initPublicSuffixMatcher() (*domain.Matcher, error) {
-	reader := bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(publicSuffix))
-	var domainList []string
-	for {
-		line, isPrefix, err := reader.ReadLine()
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				break
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if isPrefix {
-			return nil, E.New("unexpected prefix line")
-		}
-		lineStr := string(line)
-		lineStr = strings.TrimSpace(lineStr)
-		if lineStr == "" || strings.HasPrefix(lineStr, "//") {
-			continue
-		}
-		domainList = append(domainList, lineStr)
-	}
-	return domain.NewMatcher(domainList, nil, false), nil
-}
--- a/common/tlsfragment/public_suffix_list.dat
+++ b/common/tlsfragment/public_suffix_list.dat
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
renovate[bot]	05a431d203	[dependencies] Update actions/checkout digest to eef6144	2024-10-07 18:49:40 +00:00
世界	e68a9e623f	documentation: Bump version	2024-10-07 04:58:58 +08:00
世界	a9bb07db4a	Update utls to v1.6.7	2024-10-07 04:58:58 +08:00
srk24	a07219d16d	Add `process_path_regex` rule type	2024-10-07 04:58:58 +08:00
世界	6362b778c9	clash-api: Add PNA support	2024-10-07 04:58:57 +08:00
世界	cb46b648d7	Add RDP sniffer	2024-10-07 04:58:57 +08:00
世界	04613c27e2	Add SSH sniffer	2024-10-07 04:58:57 +08:00
世界	795e1cf2f0	Write close error to log	2024-10-07 04:58:56 +08:00
世界	1e36c75336	Add AdGuard DNS filter support	2024-10-07 04:58:56 +08:00
世界	5a2c7037fe	Improve QUIC sniffer	2024-10-07 04:58:56 +08:00
世界	852c07c050	Add inline rule-set & Add reload for local rule-set	2024-10-07 04:58:56 +08:00
世界	c2ab497ff4	Unique rule-set names	2024-10-07 04:58:54 +08:00
世界	1e3c136440	Add accept empty DNS rule option	2024-10-07 04:58:54 +08:00
世界	7a2cd77798	Add custom options for TUN `auto-route` and `auto-redirect`	2024-10-07 04:58:54 +08:00
世界	1cdaea49b6	Improve base DNS transports & Minor fixes	2024-10-07 04:58:53 +08:00
世界	a50b0bc1a9	Add auto-redirect & Improve auto-route	2024-10-07 04:58:53 +08:00
世界	00e6210928	Add `rule-set decompile` command	2024-10-07 04:58:53 +08:00
世界	2dbeb63b4e	Add IP address support for `rule-set match` match	2024-10-07 04:58:52 +08:00
世界	744cc985ba	Improve usages of `json.Unmarshal`	2024-10-07 04:58:52 +08:00
世界	bd122478fc	Bump rule-set version	2024-10-07 04:58:51 +08:00
世界	a18179ad24	Implement read deadline for QUIC based UDP inbounds	2024-10-07 04:58:50 +08:00
世界	388c75a815	WTF is this	2024-10-07 04:58:50 +08:00
世界	8d0d49c388	platform: Fix clash server reload on android	2024-10-07 04:58:50 +08:00
世界	03f5d6e4f2	platform: Add log update interval	2024-10-07 04:58:50 +08:00
世界	25065d766a	platform: Prepare connections list	2024-10-07 04:58:49 +08:00